Biology Chapter 5 Vocabulary Study List
Name_______________________________Per_____
Can you fill in the word that best matches each description below?
1st - First Law of Thermodynamics
J. Energy coupling
U. Active Site
2nd -Second Law of Thermodynamics
K. Phosphorylation
V. Cofactor
A. Endergonic
L. Energy of Activation
W. Coenzyme
B. Exergonic
M. Enzyme
X. Diffusion
C. Cellular Metabolism
N. Substrate
Y. Osmosis
D. Competitive inhibitor
O. Noncompetitive inhibitor
Z. Negative feedback
E. Passive transport
P. Active transport
AA. Concentration gradient
F. Facilitated diffusion
Q. Exocytosis
BB. Phagocytosis
G. Pinocytosis
R. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
H. Selective permeability
S. cellular respiration
CC. hypertonic solution
I. Isotonic solution
T. hypotonic solution
DD. Signal transduction
1._____Chemical reaction that releases energy.
2._____Chemical reaction that requires an input of energy.
3._____Chemical breakdown of glucose to release energy in mitochondrion.
4._____Using energy from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
5._____Sum of all the endergonic and exergonic reactions in an organism.
6._____Energy of activation – energy barrier to get a chemical reaction started.
7._____Protein that acts as a biological catalyst (speeds up a reaction).
8._____Small part of the enzyme that binds with the substrate.
9._____Nonprotein helpers of enzymes.
10._____Organic helpers of enzymes.
11._____A plasma membrane that allows some substances to pass through and others not.
12._____A chemical that interferes with the enzyme’s activity and resembles it and competes for its active
site.
13._____A chemical that interferes with the enzyme’s activity, but does not enter the active site. It binds
somewhere else.
14._____A chemical that interferes with the enzyme’s activity, by being blocked by one of its own
products.
15._____Tendency of particles to spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
16._____A cell does not need to use energy to move particles across a membrane.
17._____A cell does need to use energy to move particles across a membrane.
18._____Molecules moving from high to lower concentration.
19._____The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water
concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
20._____Solutions of equal solute concentration.
21._____A solution with a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
22._____A solution with a lower concentration of solute than another solution.
23._____Molecules moving across a membrane (passive transport) with the help of a protein.
24._____Process how a cell moves bulky materials out of a cell; “cell pooping.”
25._____Process how a cell engulfs a large particle (like a bacterium) to take it into the cell; “cell eating.”
26._____Process how a cell engulfs droplets of liquid; “cell drinking.”
27._____Very specific receptor proteins indent to form a pit and a vesicle to bring in molecules.
28._____Law if energy conservation (neither created nor destroyed).
29._____Law that energy conversions reduce the order of the universe.
30._____Transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule.
31._____Substance that an enzyme acts on.
32._____Binding of a messenger to a receptor that triggers a chain reaction.