ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS IN
AFRICAN, CARIBBEAN & PACIFIC (ACP) STATES
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Country Study: Zambia
Report prepared by
Davy Simumba
on behalf of the
Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
Project: 4-7-41-209-6/f
20/12/2007
Disclaimer
This report has been commissioned by the CTA to enhance its monitoring of the
information needs in ACP counties. CTA does not guarantee the accuracy of the data
included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. The
views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author alone and do not
necessarily reflect the views of CTA. CTA reserves the right to select projects and
recommendations that fall with in its mandate.
(ACP-EU) Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
Agro Business Park 2
6708 PW Wageningen
The Netherlands
Website: www.cta.int
E-mail: cta@cta.int
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
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Acknowledgements
The consultant thanks those that kindly gave their time, provided useful information
and shared their knowledge for the completion of this report. In particular I would like
to thank the people from key institutions listed in the annex, who showed much
patience whilst being subjected to lengthy and involving interviews. Special thanks to
Lloyd Mbulwe for additional support and facilitating the stakeholders’ feedback
meeting.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
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List of Acronyms
ACP
AGOA
AMIC
ASP
CDT
CGIAR
CLUSA
CSO
CTA
DOF
DORA
EPA
EU
FAO
FSRP
GDP
GIS
GRZ
ICM
ICRISAT
ICT
IICD
IMF
ISTT
JICA
LDC
LDT
LWF
MCTP
MDGs
MTENR
MFNP
MACO
MCATP
NAIS
NISIR
NTEs
NRDC
PROFIT
QAS
SADC
SPGRC
TAC
UNDP
UNZA
WVZ
YWCA
ZARD
ZARI
ZAWA
ZNBC
ZNFU
Africa, Caribbean and Pacific
African Growth and Opportunities Act
Agriculture Market Information Centre
Agriculture Support Programme
Cotton Development Trust
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
Cooperative League of the United States of America
Central Statistics Office
Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development
Department of Fisheries
Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture
European Partnership Agreement
European Union
Food and Agriculture Organisation
Food Security Research Project
Gross Domestic Product
Geographic Information Systems
Government Republic of Zambia
Information and Communication Management
International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics
Information and Communication Technologies
International Institute for Communication and Development
International Monetary Fund
In-Service Training Trust
Japanese International Cooperation Agency
Least Developed Country
Livestock Development Trust
Lutheran World Federation
Millennium Challenge Threshold Project
Millennium Development Goals
Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources
Ministry of Finance and National Planning
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Millennium Challenge Account Threshold Project
National Agriculture Information Services
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research
Non-Traditional Exports
Natural Resources Development College
Production Financing and Technology
Question and Answer Service
Southern African Development Community
SADC Plant Genetic Resources
Total Allowable Catch
United Nations Development Programme
University of Zambia
World Vision Zambia
Young Women’s Christian Association
Zambia Association for Research and Development
Zambia Agriculture Research Institute
Zambia Wildlife Authority
Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation
Zambia National Farmer’s Union
Exchange rate on 8 May 2006: 1 USD$ = ZMK 4,320
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. ii
List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... iv
Executive summary................................................................................................................. vi
1.
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................9
2.
COUNTRY PROFILE ................................................................................................10
2.1 Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock...........................................................11
2.1.1 Agriculture
11
2.1.2 Fisheries
12
2.1.3 Forestry
13
2.1.4 Pastorialism
13
2.2 Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent Developments in the
Sector........................................................................................................................14
3.
STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR AGRICULTURE AND
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................................................15
3.1 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework..........................................................15
3.2 Operational Aspects ..................................................................................................16
3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services
16
3.2.2 Information sources
17
3.2.3 Information products and services provided
19
3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity
20
3.3 Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for Agriculture and Rural
Development .............................................................................................................22
4.
INSTITUTIONAL NEEDS ANALYSIS (MAIN BOTTLENECKS AND
SHORTCOMINGS) ...................................................................................................24
4.1 Information Needs .....................................................................................................24
4.1.1 Current Information Needs
24
4.1.2 Future Information Needs
25
4.2 Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation, Networking, Skills,
Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)..............................................................................26
5.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................29
5.1 Conclusions...............................................................................................................29
5.1.1 Information needs
29
5.1.2 Capacity building needs
30
5.1.3 Potential partners and beneficiaries
30
5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................31
5.2.1 Information needs
31
5.2.2 Capacity Building needs
32
5.2.3 Potential Strategic Partner Institutions
33
6.
PROPOSED CTA INTERVENTION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN .....................34
ANNEXES..............................................................................................................................37
Annex 1. Terms of Reference ................................................................................................38
Annex 2. Country Profile – [Zambia] ......................................................................................44
2.1. General agriculture profile (from available documentation)..........................................44
2.1.1 Size of agricultural population (male/female) ...................................................44
2.1.2 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas ..................................................................45
2.1.3 Agricultural systems .........................................................................................47
2.1.4 Agriculture in the economy (percent GDP).......................................................49
2.1.5 Main agricultural produce and secondary products ..........................................49
2.1.6 Main export markets ........................................................................................52
2.1.7 Trade Agreements that include agriculture.......................................................53
2.1.8 Sectoral Policy Related to Agriculture, fisheries and forests ............................54
2.1.9 Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework for Information and
Communication ................................................................................................61
2.2. Social Economic profile (from available documentation).............................................62
2.3. Media and telecommunications ...................................................................................65
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Annex 3. Profile of institutions ................................................................................................76
3.1 List of all institutions
76
3.2 Select List of Key Institutions
86
4. List of Institutions / Persons Interviewed ..........................................................................153
5. Bibliography .....................................................................................................................155
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
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Executive summary
Introduction
The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) works primarily
through intermediary organisations and partners (non-governmental organisations,
farmers’ organisations) to promote agricultural and rural development and to deliver
its various information products and capacity building services. By partnering with
these organisations, CTA seeks to increase the number of ACP organisations
capable of generating information and developing their own information and
communication management strategies. This study is one of the ten assessments of
agricultural information needs for CTA’s products and services in ACP Africa,
Zambia, which forms the focus of this report.
Objectives of the study
The objectives of the study are to increase involvement of existing CTA’s partners in
the exercise to draw attention to CTA products and services and compile baseline
data on the status of ICM and ICT’s in agricultural and rural development in Zambia.
Methodology
The country profile was produced through a desktop study that relied heavily on
information available on the Internet and additional information was obtained from
various institutions within Zambia, internationally and from key informants. Through
the desk study I was able to identify a list of twenty-two key institutions. This list was
discussed with CTA and informants in Zambia. Twenty key institutions were then
interviewed face-to-face, the results of which form the basis of this report.
Expected results
This study will provide: 1) an inventory of the status of agricultural information
services, institutions and other actors and their needs as they relate to physical
infrastructure, information availability and access and human capacity development;
2) an assessment of the current and/or planned interventions of the government and
bi-or multilateral agencies in the field of information for agriculture and rural
development; 3) an overview of the needs of potential partners for CTA activities and
services in terms of building capacity for information and communication
management; 4) a short-list of potential partners/beneficiaries for CTA activities and
services; 5) baseline data to facilitate subsequent monitoring activities. The study will
also provide a framework for CTA to develop a framework for action and fashion a
strategy aimed at institutions in countries emerging from conflict situations and
provide input into its 2007-2010 strategic plan.
Findings
The agriculture sector has contributed 18% to GDP over the past decade and
accounts for 70% of Zambia’s working population. Non-traditional agriculture-based
export earnings have increased tremendously since 1999. The main exports are
sugar, cotton, tobacco, cut flowers and coffee. The Zambian fisheries are important
as it provides employment to the people. However, its contribution to the GDP in the
entire agriculture sector constitutes a small proportion of 5.7%.
Zambia launched its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy on 28th
March 2007. Since independence in 1964 there was no policy or strategy with regard
to the management of agricultural information.
Zambia has a modest ICT
infrastructure which is concentrated in the cities, towns and urban areas. Until around
1992 telecommunications, information technology, electronic media and postal
services were all controlled by the government. Infrastructure capacity has
deteriorated due to technology changes and the system inadequacies.
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Lack of organised information and communication management coupled with poor
information flow from subject matter specialists and weak linkages between
information sources and end-users is a major problem for all institutions. Information
exchange and sharing is difficult within government and it is worse for institutions
which are outside of government.
Though most institutions have communication departments, budgets for information
management tend to be very low. There is few staff with skills in ICT, and computers
are very old and Internet connectivity is a luxury. However, recent liberalisation of the
economy has not spared the ICT sector. There are over twelve ISP providers, over
seventy-five private radio stations broadcasting in several vernacular languages and
about four private TV stations. Lack of an effective policy on private radio and TV
stations is hampering the flow of agriculture information especially due to the
bureaucracy in government.
Most institutions have no capacity to develop content due to lack of skills in
information products development. Websites vary in the effectiveness as most of
them tend to be reflections of their institutions and current work programmes rather
than being designed specifically to disseminate information, reports, research
studies, videos that are produced as advocacy tools.
There is a lot of duplication of efforts in the agricultural sector including the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives as the Management Information System is not yet in
place to document the various sources of data, types, formats, intermediaries and
end users. There is a general lack of metadata.
Conclusions
Zambia’s Structural Adjustment Programme, the Fifth National Development Plan
and the ICT National Policy are all measures to increase economic growth in all
sectors including agriculture. Zambia depends on donor funding to meet over a
quarter of its budgetary requirements. Bureaucracy and the weak capacity and
capability to publish data and information across institutions are hampering economic
growth.
Policies and programmes to create public awareness of available information are
lacking. Most agricultural related institutions have no access to the Internet and have
not yet started developing websites. There are inadequate skills in the area of
database development and management, website design and content development.
Stakeholders including farmers are at a loss on technical information since
institutions are failing to adequately exploit radio, mobile phones and television for
the dissemination of information.
Agricultural information needs in Zambia range from broad rural development such
as farm problems, government and international regulations to facilitate trade and
strengthen associations of farmers and fisherfolk and on successful implementation
of micro-credit schemes to technical information such as integrated pest
management, low cost technologies to increase production and to conserve
perishable products and prevent post-harvest losses.
Institutions expressed need for accurate and up-to-date information in journals and
bulletins on the developments in food security, rural livelihoods and participatory
methods including economic information such as credit and micro-credit, market data
and commodity profiles. ICM and ICT skills are very limited in all agricultural
institutions in Zambia.
Potential partners for CTA in Zambia are Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives,
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, In-Service Training Trust,
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
vii
University of Zambia, Radio Mano and Lyambai, Zambia National Farmers Union,
Zambia Wildlife Authority and Young Women’s Christian Association
Recommendations
CTA’s products and services should be geared towards the provision of technical and
marketing information for the domestic food crop sub-sector, Integrated Pest
Management systems, post-harvest handling of crops with a view to facilitate
compliance with the AGOA requirements and improved production techniques and
export marketing information for Zambia’s non-traditional export crops.
There is need for CTA to continue with its development of a wide range of targeted
training opportunities regarding information management for staff in relevant
agricultural institutions in Zambia. On top of the agenda is the development of
information strategies. Capacity building is required on how to pass information onto
low literacy levels, packaging, storage and effective writing.
CTA should go into partnership and sign Memorandum of Understanding with
institutions such as the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Zambia National
Farmers Union, University of Zambia, Young Women’s Christian Association, Zambia
Wildlife Authority, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, National
Agricultural Information Services, Radio Mano and Lyambai. These institutions
generate technical content and inputs and possess information dissemination
systems.
Zambia launched the National ICT Policy on 28th March 2007. CTA should help
agricultural related institutions in the implementation process of this policy.
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
viii
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.
The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was
established in 1983 under the Lome Convention between the African,
Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and the European Union
Member States. Since 2000, it has operated within the framework of the
ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.
2.
CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to
information for agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the
capacity of ACP countries to produce, acquire, exchange and utilise
information in this area.
3.
CTA’s programmes are organised around three principal activities:
•
•
•
Providing an increasing range and quantity of information products and
services and enhancing awareness of the relevant information sources;
Supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels
and intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intraACP); and
Developing ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural
information and to formulate information and communication
management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant to science and
technology.
4.
CTA works primarily through intermediary organisations and partners (nonorganisations, farmers’ organisations, regional organisations) to promote
agriculture and rural development and to deliver its various information
products and capacity building services. By partnering with these
organisations, CTA seeks to increase the number of ACP organisations
capable of generating and managing information and developing their own
information and communication management strategies. The identification
of appropriate partners is therefore of primary importance.
5.
Since end 2003, CTA has been conducting a series of needs assessment
studies in ACP regions aimed at:
•
•
•
6.
Identifying potential partners and beneficiaries to better target CTA’s
interventions, products and services;
Fashioning strategies for product/service delivery, in particular for postconflict countries;
Developing country/region-based action plans.
This country report on Zambia is part of a series commissioned by CTA in
eight Southern Africa countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia,
Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia) and Ghana to determine the
information and communication capacity and needs at the institutional
level. The objectives of the needs assessment studies are as follows:
•
•
•
Facilitate access to CTA’s products, services and information;
Increase involvement of existing CTA’s partners (in particular QAS
centres) in the exercise to draw attention to CTA products and
services;
Continue compilation of country-based baseline data and to provide
additional targeted information to CTA
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Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
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2.
COUNTRY PROFILE
7.
Zambia covers a surface area of 752,612 km2 and shares boarders with
eight other countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania in
the north, Malawi and Mozambique to the east, Zimbabwe, Botswana and
Namibia to the south and Angola to the west. Zambia’s climate is subtropical, characterised by three distinct seasons.
8.
Zambia has potential to expand agricultural production given the vast
resource endowment in terms of land, labour and water that the country
possesses. Of Zambia’s total land area of 752,612 km2, 58% is classified
as medium to high potential for agricultural production, with rainfall ranging
between 800mm to 1400mm annually and suitable for the production of a
broad range of crops, fish, and livestock.
9.
Three major agro-ecological zones are distinguished within the country
based on the amount of annual rainfall received. Region I receives less
than 800 mm of rainfall per annum, while Regions II receives between 8001000 mm per annum and Region III receives above 1000 mm of rain per
annum.
10.
The population of Zambia is officially projected at 10.9 million people (see
Table 15) and is growing at a rate of 2.3%. The official language is English.
The country ranks 164 out of the 177 countries on the UNDP Human
Development Index. According to a 2003 UN survey on population issues,
the government views its maternal mortality ratio (750 deaths per 100,000
live births) and under-five mortality (167 deaths per 1,000 live births) as
unacceptably high. With an estimated population of 10.9 million, Zambia’s
total fertility rate is 5.8 lifetime births per woman. Some 17 percent of the
adult population aged 15 to 49 is infected with HIV/AIDS. The pandemic
has resulted in a decline in life expectancy from 46 years in 1990 to 38
years in 2005.
11.
Zambia’s GDP increased by 5.2 percent from 2004 to 2005 (see Table 14).
This increase can be attributed mainly to the construction of hotels, bars
and restaurants, and the transport and communications industries. The
agriculture, forestry and fishing industry as a whole contributed 14.2
percent share to total GDP in 2005 compared to 15.0 percent share in
2004. In the last decade the sector has contributed 18 percent of GDP.
12.
The agricultural sector supports 75 percent of the economically active
population. Agriculture plays a key role in the national economy and
provides major export earnings from commodities such as cane sugar,
cotton, tobacco, vegetables, cut flowers and coffee (see Table 13).
13.
Existing reports, such as the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey of 2004
by the Central Statistic Office (CSO), indicate that Zambia is faced with
high levels of poverty, with overall poverty at 68% of the national
population in 2004. Income levels have also drastically declined with low
formal employment. Given the abundant natural resource base, agriculture
offers the greatest potential for generating growth and increasing
employment and incomes.
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Figure 1 – Map of Zambia
Source: Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section,
United Nations. 2004
2.1
Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry and Livestock
2.1.1 Agriculture
14.
The 2000 Census indicate that 68 percent of the total population is composed
of agricultural households. In terms of gender 49.3 percent of the agricultural
households were males while 50.7 percent were females (Annex 2 – Tables 1
and 2). Agriculture takes up 22 percent of Zambia’s arable land and this is
divided into commercial farming and smallholder farming.
15.
Mixed farming systems predominate in agricultural households. Maize,
cassava and seed cotton are the highest produced crops in Zambia (see
Table 8 and Table 9). Cane sugar, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, cut flowers
and coffee are the main agricultural exports (Annex 2 – Table 12). Nontraditional exports have risen since 1987 in Zambia (see Figure 1).
16.
Agriculture has been perceived to play a critical role in the economy and is
said to be the engine of Zambia’s economic growth. Key institutions within the
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives include the Department of Policy and
Planning, Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Department of Veterinary
and Livestock Development, Department of Agriculture and Department of
Fisheries, Department of Agribusiness and Marketing and National
Agriculture Information Services.
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17.
In order to encourage public and private partnerships the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives has turned two research stations into trusts.
These are the Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) and the
Cotton Development Trust (CDT). The University of Zambia plays a
significant role and contributes to the sector through capacity building.
18.
The role of the public sector will increasingly be confined to policy formulation,
enforcement of legislation, regulation and inspection, maintenance of the
national strategic food reserves, provision of market information, financing the
control of pests and diseases of national economic importance, provision of
agricultural support i.e. research and extension in partnership with the private
sector, provision of targeted support to outlying areas and underprivileged
farmer groups, promoting capacity building within public and private
organisations and monitoring and evaluation of overall sector performance
including projects and programmes.
19.
Key departments within the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives include
the policy and planning, crops, irrigation, land husbandry, farm power and
mechanisation, livestock, fisheries, agricultural cooperatives development,
agricultural marketing and credit and the agricultural and cooperatives training
sectors.
2.1.2 Fisheries
20.
The fishery resources from Zambian lakes, swamps, rivers and flood plains
have in recent years produced about 60,000 to 70,000 tons of fish annually.
The potential of fish farming is not being fully exploited and the few farmers
who practise aquaculture lack knowledge and skills in modern and
appropriate aquaculture technologies.
21.
The fishing industry contributes significantly to the agricultural sector in
Zambia. Sources of fish are capture fisheries and aquaculture. The demand
for fish presently outstrips supply. The per capita consumption has decreased
from 16kg in 1971 to 6.8 kg in 1998 due to declining yields in capture lakes
which can be attributed to the unsustainable fishing practices and increasing
human population. However, the contribution of fisheries to GDP in the entire
agricultural sector constitutes 5.7%.
22.
The usage of illegal fishing gear including mosquito nets, potato bags and
shading netting material have continued to be used in most of the fisheries in
Central, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern and Western Provinces. In almost all the
areas fishery patrols to arrest the situation could not be effectively undertaken
on a regular basis due to resource constraints: manpower, finance and
inadequate marine support equipment especially boats and engines.
23.
The focus of the fisheries sector is to promote community-based resource
management of capture fisheries thereby improving catches. During 2006, the
Department of Fisheries in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
procured boats and engines for all needy fishermen. The formation and
consolidation of co-management structures is a priority. Annual fish bans
have been launched to reduce incidences of illegal possession of fish as per
section 18 of the Fisheries Act Cap 200 of the Laws of Zambia.
24.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives through the Department of
Fisheries has a mandatory responsibility to implement capture and
aquaculture fisheries programmes. Government collaborates with all
stakeholders in the fishing industry.
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2.1.3 Forestry
25.
Zambia is actually regarded as one of the highly forested countries whose
forest covers about 60% of the total land area most of which is administered
traditionally under customary law. Forestry products contribute substantially to
income, employment and subsistence in various parts of the country. Current
unsustainable utilization, while leading to short term gains, has led to long
term forest depletion and degradation.
26.
It is for this reason that some policies and legislation in relation to forestry
have been readdressed to ensure enhanced focus on controlling the
depletion and loss of forests in many parts of the country. In National Forests,
logging and collection of forest produce is regulated by the Forest Department
whereas local forest reserves are meant to serve the needs of the local
people in the surrounding areas.
27.
Forests also occur in Game Management areas, National Parks and
Customary Land. Forest products not only contribute to household income,
but also provide employment, and domestic products, which are otherwise
unavailable o unaffordable for many households.
28.
Total consumption of forestry resources is about 15million m3 per year, which
is one third of the growth on all forest land in Zambia. Charcoal and timber
play an especially important role in the rural income and employment in
various parts of Zambia.
29.
The forestry contribution to GDP increased from US$ 15,2 million (€ 10,7
million) in 1991 to US$ 18,5 million (€ 13.1 million) in 1995 using 1997 prices.
In terms of employment charcoal alone employs 50,000 people and many
more in distribution and marketing. The Forest Department in the Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources has the mandate to formulate national
forest policies, adopting forest plans and the general management and
control of forest resources in order to meet national and local demand for
timber and other forest products and services.
2.1.4 Pastorialism
30.
The livestock sub-sector contributes significantly to the agricultural industry in
Zambia. It provides outputs such as meat, milk, eggs, hides, manure and
draught power. The sector also generates employment opportunities and
income among the rural people.
31.
The productivity of livestock, particularly in the traditional sector, is
constrained by several factors including the prevalence of animal diseases;
non-availability of veterinary drugs; high cost of veterinary drugs; inadequate
livestock nutrition and water; poor animal husbandry practices/management;
inadequate marketing infrastructure; lack of appropriate livestock research;
inadequate livestock extension and health services; lack of linkages between
livestock research and livestock extension.
32.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives through the Animal Production
and Health Department is mandated to control diseases of national
importance.
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2.2
Brief Description of the Status of ICT Infrastructure and Recent
Developments in the Sector
33.
Zambia has a modest ICT infrastructure which is concentrated in the cities,
towns and urban centres. The ICT sector is categorised into four main subsectors: telecommunications, information technology, electronic media and
postal communication. The telecommunications infrastructure development is
inadequate across the country, there is poor telephone accessibility, and high
access costs.
34.
Zambia has undergone a process of liberalisation of its telecommunications
and broadcast sectors. The major telecommunications infrastructure carrier
for the country is The Zambia Telecommunication Company (ZAMTEL),
which covers most parts of the country, but, over time, the infrastructure
capacity has deteriorated due to technology changes and system
inadequacies.
35.
The licence fee has also proven prohibitive to many Zambians and the limit
on foreign shareholding for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and other similar
value added licenses is inhibiting most Zambians to enter the market, due to
inadequate access to start-up capital for such ventures.
36.
The government launched the much awaited National Information and
Communications Technologies (ICT’s) policy on 28th March 2007. The
President of Zambia directed all government ministries to implement egovernance, describing it as a machinery that plays an important role in the
nation’s development process.
37.
According to the policy, e-governance involves the deployment and
exploitation of ICT’s to facilitate the process of bringing government closer to
the people, through major improvements in the delivery of goods and services
as well as information provision in ways that are most convenient to citizens
and other stakeholders. However, there are issues of infrastructure,
especially in rural and peri-urban areas where there is literally no proper
communication infrastructure and skills to utilize ICT’s.
38.
The Internet market in Zambia is still developing, with approximately 12,000
Internet subscribers and an additional 30,000 Internet users mainly
patronising Internet cafes. According to the Communications Authority of
Zambia there are at the moment fourteen ISPs in Zambia.
39.
The current regulatory framework in the ICT sector is fragmented with three
bodies regulating the sector. The Communications Authority regulates the
Telecommunications sector, the Ministry of Communications and Transport
regulates the postal and courier services and the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting regulates Broadcasting.
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3.
STATUS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION FOR
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1
Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework
40.
The Agricultural Market Information Centre (AMIC) was started by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) in 1993 as part of the
policy of market liberalization. AMIC was established to collect, analyse
and disseminate market information.
41.
The potential users of market information are traders, farmers, processors
importers and exporters, and researchers in the private sector, government
ministries of agriculture, finance, planning, commerce, quasi government
agencies and researchers in the public sector. Adequate and accurate
market information is critical for correct decision-making and planning.
42.
The use of AMIC information is currently limited, mainly due to poor
funding. Information flow to the provinces and districts is constrained by
logistical complexities and the districts’ staff are not well trained to analyse
and utilize market information correctly.
43.
In 1994 the Agricultural Sector Investment Programme (ASIP) was
formulated and launched in 1995 as a tool for implementing the
government policy of liberalization and market reforms. AMIC and the
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) which collect and
disseminate information have not been adequately funded. This has limited
the ability of these two information sources to reach the small-scale
farming sector.
44.
In 1994 the government opened up the airwaves to other voices, though in
a limited context. Some FM and medium wave frequencies were made
available for radio, while a few UHF bands were also made available for
television broadcasting.
45.
Although there has been a number of community radio stations set up in
Zambia, the lack of a clear policy on community radio stations has been
identified as a major obstacle. By enabling villages to share knowledge
through airwaves, community radio has helped to strengthen people’s
capacity to fight disease and poverty.
46.
The government of Zambia recently launched its ICT policy whose goal is
to improve productivity as well as competitiveness of the agricultural sector
through the use of ICT’s in the planning, implementation, monitoring and
the information delivery process.
47.
The government shall facilitate private sector investment in the
development and provision of ICT services including infrastructure in all
Farming Blocks and Farm Resettlement Schemes as part of the integrated
physical infrastructure (electricity, schools, clinics, water and roads)
development projects targeted for those areas.
48.
National telecommunication monopolies, absence of consumer protection
laws, legal structures for e-commerce or privacy protection, as well as local
tariff policies have severely impeded ICT efforts in agriculture.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
15
49.
The Communications Authority administers the countrywide use of the
radio spectrum under the Radio Communications Act, Chapter 169 to
facilitate the availability of rapid and efficient national and world wide radio
communication services.
50.
Though Zambia has just adopted the National Information and
Communications Technologies (NICTs) policy there are many challenges
to be overcome for rural development. These include weak human capital,
technical infrastructure and lack of a coordinated agricultural information
support system for small-scale farmers anchored on ICT’s.
51.
On 16th August 2006, in line with the Dar-es-Salaam Declaration of 2004
and the African Union Declaration of 2003 the SADC Council of Ministers
also noted the need for Member States to allocate at least 10% of their
budget to agriculture to improve the food situation in the region.
3.2
Operational Aspects
3.2.1 Description of agricultural information and services
52.
Information and services can be in the form of technical advice,
photocopies of available literature, computer databases and libraries. In
Zambia a number of publications supported and published locally and
abroad are available. Computer databases have become very popular with
increased access to the Internet. Zambia has access to information and
services from many sources including CTA, Access to Global Online
Research in Agriculture (AGORA), International Network for the Availability
of Scientific Publications (INASP) and others.
53.
Disseminating agricultural information to the large, widely dispersed rural
population of Zambia has not been easy. Extension services have not
been as effective as desired in addressing this issue due to of transport
difficulties, inadequate funding and shortage of extension staff.
54.
The radio was recommended to be utilised to disseminate agricultural
knowledge, information and skills to rural subsistence farmers. Today the
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS) of the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO) broadcasts eight agricultural
information programmes on radio in both English and in seven Zambia
languages comprising Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja and
Tonga. The National Agricultural Information Services broadcasts
agricultural information programmes on the Zambia National Broadcasting
Corporation (ZNBC) Lima Programme.
55.
Community radio in Zambia has helped to strengthen people’s capacity to
fight disease and poverty by enabling villages to share knowledge through
the airwaves. Community radio is reaching out to thousands of villagers
through various popular programmes. People are keen to learn best
practices from other villages.
56.
Zambia has embarked on an agricultural commercialisation programme to
improve food and nutrition security and increase income among the target
group, mainly through sale of agricultural and agricultural related products
and services. The Agriculture Support Programme (ASP) is an agricultural
commercialisation programme under the auspices of the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives, funded by the Swedish International
Development Agency (Sida).
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
16
57.
The Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU) is a national membership
based organisation, with countrywide coverage, representing the
agricultural industry. ZNFU has developed a solid administrative structure
which enables it to deliver services and disseminate relevant agricultural
production, marketing and trade information to members countrywide via
the Internet, interactive short messaging system (sms) bulk messaging,
radio programme, technical publications and physical service delivery by
staff on the ground.
58.
All the institutions interviewed except Natural Resources Development
College (NRDC), Zambia Export Growers Association (ZEGA) and
Production Financing and Technology (PROFIT) indicated that they have a
communication department or section responsible for information and
communication management and technology. Although many institutions
appear to have communication departments funding shortages have been
highlighted as the main problem.
59.
There is a lack of capacity and focus on the number of staff, their
qualifications and skills and level of training in the agricultural
information/communication departments. Staff turnover is very high
especially in government institutions due to budgetary constraints.
60.
Lack of organised information and communication management coupled
with poor information flow from subject matter specialists and weak
linkages between information sources and end-users was indicated as a
problem by most institutions interviewed.
61.
In response, the private sector has established commodity exchanges,
established a network of marketing channels and operates outgrower
schemes. Farmers have also responded mainly through diversification of
the production base and the formation of farmer organisations.
62.
The constraint is the weak enforcement of legislation, limited storage
facilities and infrastructure, financing limitations, indirect production and
marketing subsidies and limited market information. There is need for
consistent policy signals from government, infrastructure investment for
smallholder production, mechanisms for improving access to agricultural
services, including market information.
3.2.2 Information sources
63.
The MACO remains the main source of information on agriculture in
Zambia. Institutions such as the Agriculture Support Programme (ASP), Inservice Training Trust (ISTT), the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute
(ZARI), the Department of Fisheries (DOF), the Department of Agriculture
(DA) and the Livestock Development Trust (LDT) work directly under the
MACO. Table 1 below gives the institutions and their sources of
information.
64.
The Department of Census and Statistics, commonly known as Central
Statistics Office (CSO), is a government Department under the Ministry of
Finance and National Planning. The Department is coordinating all
statistical activities in the country and is a major source of official statistics
in Zambia.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
17
65.
The Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources provides
information on biodiversity in Zambia. Zambia is endowed with an
abundance of natural resources and a fairly rich biological diversity and is
highly dependent on the exploitation of biological resources for the
livelihood of the majority of its people especially those living in rural areas.
Table 1 – Institutions and their sources of information
___________________________________________________________
Institution
Possible sources of information
___________________________________________________________
NRDC
ISTT
ZEGA
NISIR
NAIS
WVZ
ZARD
UNZA
ZAWA
LDT
ZNFU
PLARD
DOF
PROFIT
YWCA
AMIC
PLAN
ZARI
DAE
RADIO LYAMBAI
CTA and booklets/bulletins, MACO, UNZA
CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, ZARI, GART, LDT, ANAFE
IITA, World Agroforestry Centre, FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC,
NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning, Radio programmes, video
presentations, posters, Internet, fairs and exhibitions, agricultural
research networks
MACO, input suppliers, meetings with beneficiaries, newspapers,
Internet, fairs and exhibits
Generates new knowledge, CTA and booklets/bulletins, IAEA,
MACO, Internet, agriculture research electronic networks, INASP,
AGORA, FAO, UNEP, CTA booklets/bulletins
CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, MACO, Internet, NGOs,
agricultural companies, WREN media, international organisations
MACO, NISIR, meetings with beneficiaries, radio programmes,
fairs and exhibitions, colleagues, Internet
CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA research reports, SADC,
international research intuitions, MACO
CTA and booklets/bulletins, technical information, economic
information, fairs and exhibits
UNZA, Internet, UNEP
+
UNZA, MACO, PTC , Land ‘O’ Lakes, Internet, NAIS TV and
Radio, International Research Institutions,
MACO, CTA and booklets/bulletins, SADC, COMESA
MACO, Internet, Consultants, CSO
UNZA, SADC, MACO, Regional research institutions, International
research institutions, Internet, input suppliers, newspapers, fairs
and exhibits
MACO, Local veterinary services, meetings with beneficiaries,
newspapers, radio programmes, TV, fairs and exhibits
Zambia National AIDS Network, PACT Zambia, Internet,
International HIV Alliance, Public Libraries, Newspapers, Family
Health International, Health Communication Partnership
CTA booklets/bulletins, UNZA, MACO, Commodity/farmer
associations, meetings with beneficiaries, input suppliers,
newspapers, radio programmes, TV programmes, posters,
Internet, fairs and exhibits, agribusiness consultants
MACO, UNZA, meting with beneficiaries, agricultural shows,
conferences and meetings, crop insurance, Internet, fairs and
exhibits
CTA and booklets/bulletins, ASARECA, FANAR, CABI, IITA,
SADC, IRRI, KARI, CIMMYT, INTSOMIL, meetings with
beneficiaries, Radio programmes, Internet, agriculture research
electronic networks, fairs and exhibitions
CTA and booklets/bulletins, UNZA, meetings with beneficiaries,
commodity/farmer associations, Radio programmes, Internet, and
fairs and exhibitions
MACO, farmer associations, women associations, educational
institutions, Internet, DAE
RADIO MANO
MACO, farmer associations, women associations, educational
institutions, DAE
_________________________________________________________________
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
18
3.2.3 Information products and services provided
66.
The main actors in agriculture provide a wide range of information products
and services in the form of technical advice, photocopies of available
literature, computer databases, and libraries. Information and services
about agriculture in Zambia is available mainly from the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives and related institutions.
67.
Access to publications and electronic media was mentioned as a general
problem. Budgetary constraints for acquisition of publications and
agricultural research databases were indicated. All institutions interviewed
indicated that radio and TV programmes, video presentations and posters
were sources of information. Table 2 gives some Zambian institutions and
their linkages with CTA.
Table 2 – Institutional Linkages and their collaboration with CTA
___________________________________________________________
CTA publications and services
Recipient institutions
___________________________________________________________
Spore magazine
NRDC, NISIR, ISTT
ZEGA, ZARD, ZNFU
ZARI
CTA publications
NRDC, NISIR, ISTT
ZARD, ZARI, RADIO
LYAMBAI
DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agric
NRDC, ISTT, ZARI
SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information)
ISTT AND ZARI
CD-ROM/Database subscriptions
ISTT AND ZARI
Question and Answer Services
NISIR, ISTT, YWCA
___________________________________________________________
68.
There are many databases and sources of agricultural scientific and
technical information in Zambia. Some of these are the International
Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS),
The National Agricultural Library Catalogue (AGRICOLA), AGORA, CABi,
Global Development Network (GDN), INASP and Programme for the
Enhancement of Research Information (PERI).
69.
Information and services in the form of technical advice and photocopies of
available literature, computer databases and libraries were not mentioned
as a problem. It is the lack of facilities in the library for photocopying and
scanning information and documents that was mentioned by ZARI, LDT,
NRDC, ZARD, Radio Lyambai, Radio Mano, NAIS, AMIC and DOF.
70.
The establishment of AMIC network focal point persons in the nine
provincial and seventy-three district market development and cooperative
offices all equipped with a computer and fax machine has enabled an
environment for efficient private sector, agro-inputs delivery and produce
marketing countrywide. Services provided include wholesale agro-inputs
and produce prices at urban/district centres, retail prices at nearby local
markets, retail prices, supply on demand conditions, as well as market
prices and marketing developments.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
19
3.2.4 Information and communication management capacity
71.
Information about agriculture in Zambia is available from a number of
sources, primarily the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The
agriculture sector contributes 18% to GDP. Until recently there was no
policy or strategy to manage agricultural information and dissemination.
The launch of the ICT policy is envisaged to improve the management of
agriculture information in the sector.
72.
There is no specific policy or strategy in Zambia with regard to the
management of agricultural information and dissemination. This has
rendered the agricultural information and dissemination networks far less
developed. Institutions falling outside the government find it very difficult to
get hold of information. Agriculture information sharing and exchange
among various departments within the Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives is very cumbersome.
73.
Funding to the agriculture sector has been declining steadily in the last
decade. In addition staff attrition is very high due to poor conditions of
service. As a result publicly funded research has also declined in terms of
output.
74.
Institutions interviewed revealed various resources (Table 3) available for
information management including libraries, documentation centres,
databases, publications, posters, newsletters and information parks.
Access to hardware and software resources is insufficient. Equally,
strategies and policies to ensure that there is an improvement in access to
these resources are missing.
Table 3 - Frequently mentioned information resources
___________________________________________________________
Information Resource
Organisation in possession of the resource
___________________________________________________________
Library
NRDC, NISIR, ISTT, ZARD, UNZA, ZAWA
LDT, ZNFU, DOF, ZARI
Databases
NISIR, ISTT, ZARD, UNZA, ZAWA, DOF,
AMIC, ZARI
Documentation Centre
NISIR, ZAWA, ASP, ZNFU
Internet Café
Radio Lyambai, ZARD
Radio and TV programmes
NAIS, Radio Lyambai, Radio Mano
Audio Visual Materials
PLAN, ASP, ZNFU, UNZA
___________________________________________________________
75.
Most of the institutions interviewed indicated that they have access to
hardware and software resources but not good enough to enable the
efficient management of information. Most libraries and documentation
centres have no capacity to search the resources available. There is no
access to the Internet and Local Area Networks are non-existent (e.g.
NRDC, LDT and NAIS).
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
20
76.
NISIR, LDT and ZARI all have capacity for research, evaluation and
handling statistical information. Personnel have formal training in the fields
related to the activities of their institution. It was mentioned that the staff
trained in the field related to statistics or information management are very
few. When staff obtain relevant training they move to greener pastures.
77.
Budgets for information management are of very low priority, except in
statutory or semi-private institutions such as NISIR, LDT, ZARD, ZNFU,
PLAN and ZAWA where there is either external funding from donors or
funds are generated through provision of services. ZARI is getting some
support through the IICD and USAID/Threshold Project in the Plant
Quarantine and Phytosanitary Services. Here the promotion of open
source software is being encouraged.
78.
Most of the institutions interviewed maintain databases and these are all in
different forms. They range from EXCEL-based systems to ACCESSbased systems relational databases and statistical packages (e.g.
GENSTAT). Most of these have been designed or programmed with
foreign assistance (e.g. ISNAR) and internal capacity to adapt them or
make programming changes is less well developed though capacity is
slowly being built to overcome some of these challenges.
79.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives is in the process of
developing a Management Information System (MIS) to improve storage,
sharing and retrieval of information. A draft MIS Manual is available having
been developed from a workshop involving all departments. When
complete it will give details of sources of information, information needs
and users. There are currently no funds to complete the MIS Manual.
80.
The Department of Census and Statistics (CSO) is the central level house
for statistical information in Zambia and is responsible for collecting,
gathering, storing, analysing and disseminating information on economics,
statistics, demographics and social issues. CSO collaborates very well with
different ministries in managing data. Post Harvest, Living Conditions
Monitoring, Fish Catch and other agricultural related surveys are carried
out in conjunction with MACO staff in AMIC, DOF and DAE.
81.
The collection of raw data and information from local sources is a major
role for several institutions (AMIC, ZARI, DOF, DAE, NISIR, LDT), either
relating to production levels in the various sectors (DOF, ZARI, NISIR) or
social data on target groups (CSO) or membership (ZNFU). Networks of
informants exist in the various sectors; AMIC, for example, relies upon 20
informants in 72 districts throughout the country to collect information on
agricultural marketing.
82.
Regular bulletins or newsletters are common forms of publication among
many of the agencies but vary in content. PLAN produces a quarterly
bulletin with information about its programmes based on basic health,
water and sanitation, early childhood care and development, basic
education, food security and income generation, just to mention a few.
ASP produces a newsletter on farming as a business.
83.
Other notable publications are the Water and Sanitation Association of
Zambia (WASAZA) newsletter, the Zambia Association for Research and
Development (ZARD) and the women’s organisations running the
Women’s Information for Development Network (WIDnet) project
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
21
newsletter, Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM) Newsletter, In-Service
Training Trust newsletter, the Monthly Central Statistical Office bulletin
called “The Economy of this Month” and the National Agricultural
Information Services”Agriculture Today” bulletin..
3.3
Interventions Supporting Information and Communication for
Agriculture and Rural Development
84.
Zambia is the first country in the world to get support from the International
Institute for Communication and Development (IICD)’s Small Competitive
Fund (SIF) aimed at enhancing livelihoods of disadvantaged communities
through use of Information Communication Technologies (ICT’s). IICD has
been mandated to support initiatives in its focal countries including Zambia
pertinent to Catalyzing the Creation of Local Content through ICT’s
(CCELC) programme of Open Knowledge Network. Five proposals were
made in the livelihood sector out of which four were approved under
ZARD, ZARI, NAIS and the Cooperative Bank.
85.
The United Nations Development Programme has given support to the
Zambian government in translating the national gender policy into a
strategic plan and the strengthening of the legal framework and law
enforcement. Recognising the importance of ICT’s as a management tool
for development, government needed support for advocacy, fostering
partnerships with the private sector, parastatals and other donors, and
piloting of information and communication technology interventions in
district/central connectivity in the areas of governance and HIV/AIDS.
86.
The Swedish government agency for bilateral international development
cooperation Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
(SIDA) took the initiative to produce country ICT surveys that include
information regarding key ratios, connectivity, access, the human resource
situation, key institutions, policy and regulatory framework.
87.
The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) has
led the Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) to
provide scientists with over 400 journals from the world’s leading academic
publishers. AGORA is increasing the quality and effectiveness of
agricultural research, education and training in low-income countries, and
in turn, to improve food security.
88.
Radio Farm Forum is a government-initiated ICT project to enable rural
farmers to communicate effectively with the Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives. This form of ICT implementation has proven to be extremely
successful in addressing the common needs and problems of resourcedeficient rural farmers. Afronet, an international human rights network,
uses ICT to effectively disseminate information across the world.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
22
89.
The Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) implemented incountry aquaculture training to strengthen the aquaculture research and
extension through improvement of knowledge and skills of those engaged
in aquaculture. The ICT course provided community empowerment skills to
staff of the water supply and sanitation service providers for promoting
community involvement in water supply and sanitation management for
sustainability.
90.
NISIR has recently been supported by the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) to set up an ICT training centre for scientists. Researchers
from any African country will be welcome to use the centre for online
research. The centre would enhance Zambia’s ability to share knowledge
by linking research and development.
91.
The Millennium Challenge Threshold Project is upgrading the ICT’s in the
Plant Protection and Quarantine Services (PQPS) of ZARI.
Lessons learned
92.
The lesson leant is that ICT’s effectiveness is dependent on the
infrastructure development status in a given location. ICT’s success will
depend on the status of the Telecommunications system and other related
infrastructure. Therefore, the involvement of government or political will at
all levels is greatly vital for ICT’s development.
93.
Enhanced use of ICT’s, unlike the postal services and telegrams
information delivery system, is quicker and cost effective. Transfer of
information is at the push of a button. In addition it is cost effective to
deliver or to receive the message with modern ICT’s locally or
internationally.
94.
Use of modern ICT’s i.e. computers, e-mails, faxes, phones and websites,
reduces chances of losing information as it goes straight to the rightful
inbox, fax machine or phone as required, unlike the ordinary postal
communication delivery system which easily loses or misdirects
information.
95.
Most institutions in Zambia have not put in place the authority, resources,
and mechanisms to function effectively in terms of ICT’s. The lack of fully
developed and functional information strategies in these institutions clearly
shows the lack of seriousness in harnessing ICT’s.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
23
4.
INSTITUTIONAL
NEEDS
ANALYSIS
BOTTLENECKS AND SHORTCOMINGS)
(MAIN
4.1
Information Needs
96.
An institutional mapping was carried out to establish the sample of
institutions to be interviewed. An inventory of key institutions active in
Zambia was carried out highlighting their major activities, their needs in
terms of agricultural information and training as well as the sources of
information including the formats. The extent of interaction with CTA was
looked at including possible or future collaboration (refer to Appendix 3).
97.
Key informant interviews targeting people who hold responsible positions
and heads of key institutions involved in rural development were
conducted. Such key informants, by virtue of their positions in the
institutions provided a better understanding of their impressions of the
information needs in the institutions.
4.1.1 Current Information Needs
98.
Current information needs (Table 4) depends on the main focus of the
institution. They vary from needs related to statistical data on markets,
production and prices (e.g. ZNFU, ASP, ZEGA, PROFIT, AMIC, YWCA,
PLAN) to technical data on new and improved techniques in a particular
sector (e.g. ZARI, LDT, NISIR, UNZA). A particular emphasis was on
information about low cost technologies that would hep to increase
productivity and especially conservation of products (both agricultural and
fish).
Table 4 - Frequently mentioned current information needs
_________________________________________________________________
Type of information for current programmes Who needs it
_________________________________________________________________
Farm problems
AMIC, ZNFU, ZARI, DOF, WVZ,
DAE, NAIS, UNZA, NISIR, YWCA,
NRDC, PLAN, PLARD, LDT, ZAWA,
RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI,
PROFIT, ISTT, ZEGA
Non-Farm livelihoods
WVZ, YWCA, PROFIT , PLARD
Social development issues
DAE, NAIS, YWCA, WVZ, PLARD
Gender issues
DAE, ZARI, NAIS, PLARD
Government and International regulations
DAE, ZARI, NISIR, UNZA
Conference and meetings
AMIC, ZNFU, ZARI, DOF, WVZ,
DAE, NAIS, UNZA, NISIR, YWCA,
NRDC, PLAN, PLARD, LDT, ZAWA,
RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI,
PROFIT, ISTT, ZEGA
Trade fairs
NAIS, AMIC, DAE, ZARI
Development and funding programmes
DAE, NAIS, AMIC, ZARI, WVZ
Available agricultural/development networks AMIC, DAE
Grading systems
AMIC, DAE
Post-harvest technology
ZARI, WVZ
Crop varieties
ZARI, DAE
Packaging
ZARI, DOF, DAE
Equipment sourcing/availability
ZNFU, DOF, AMIC, ZARI
Transportation (sea, land, air)
ZNFU, AMIC
Waste utilization
DAE
Patents
ZARI, NISIR
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
24
Industrial profiles
Integrated pest management
Credit and micro-credit
Market data
Identification of markets
Commodity profiles
Crop insurance systems
Biotechnology information
Livestock production
Gender income generating activities
Information on processing
HIV/AIDS information
Water and irrigation management
WVZ, AMIC
ZARI, DAE, DOF
ZNFU, WVZ, ASP
AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO,
RADIO LYAMBAI
AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO,
RADIO LYAMBAI
AMIC, ZNFU, ASP, RADIO MANO,
RADIO LYAMBAI
DAE, AMIC, ZNFU, ASP
ZARI, NISIR
LDT, PROFIT, ZNFU, RADIO
MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI
YWCA, PROFIT, RADIO MANO,
RADIO LYAMBAI
YWCA, PROFIT, WVZ, ZARI
YWCA, PROFT, WVZ, RADIO
MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI
YWCA, PROFT, ZARI, RADIO
MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI
___________________________________________________________
99.
Most government institutions stressed the need to have information on
international regulations e.g. on water bodies across borders (e.g.
Department of Fisheries) and managing of information within the
organisation and editing of reports (e.g. LDT, UNZA, DAE, ZARI).
100.
NGOs like YWCA and WVZ stressed the need for information on young
people to do with schools, colleges, scholarships, gender income
generation, modern methods of farming, and HIV/AIDS. PROFIT
expressed the need for livestock production and local veterinary services
while PLAN was concerned with water harvesting equipment. ZARD and
ZEGA expressed the need for information on participative methods.
101.
Most organisations find it difficult to obtain journal articles and abstracts.
This is due to shortages of funding in these institutions and dwindling
donor support (e.g. UNZA, DAE, DOF, ZARI). However, institutions are
now able to access publications from AGORA and INASP at a nominal fee
through paid up membership.
4.1.2 Future Information Needs
102.
The institutions information needs for in the future are contained in Table 5
below.
Table 5 - Frequently mentioned information needs for the future
___________________________________________________________
Type of information for future work
Who needs it
___________________________________________________________
Background information on Food Security
ZARI, DOF, DAE
Information on regional markets
ZARI, AMIC, ZNFU,
ZEGA
Reliable statistics on Zambia
CSO
Background information on Rural Extension
DAE, ASP, ZNFU
GIS
ZARI, DAE
HIV/AIDS prevention (and mitigation)
ZARI, DAE, DOF
Technical information on fresh water fisheries
DOF
and fish breeding
Content Development
ZARI
___________________________________________________________
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
25
4.2
Capacity-building Needs (IC Policies & Strategies, Sensitisation,
Networking, Skills, Training, Media, ICT, Equipment)
103.
Many institutions interviewed indicated that they have over the years built
up libraries and documentation centres but they have expressed the need
for better-organised information. There are hard copies available in the
documentation centres but the system for searching and accessing the
relevance of books and journals are non-existent.
104.
The development of content in both official and local languages targeted
at low literacy groups was identified as a need by some agencies working
with communities (e.g. PROFIT, WVZ, and PLAN). There is need for
training in effective writing skills and how to compile radio programmes
and audio visual materials.
105.
Most institutions indicated that they have departments, or sections or unit
responsible for ICM and ICT. However, due to funding constraints the
same institutions are unable to purchase adequate computers and
publishing software to enable the better production of various materials
including newsletters, brochures, flyers as these are considered
prohibitively expensive (UNZA, DAE, DOF, NAIS).
106.
Many institutions indicated that they did not have an information policy or
information strategic plan or both except for ZAWA and NISIR. Information
management and sharing including the use of software was identified as a
problem in the absence of policy mechanisms. There is an expressed
need to train staff in the development of information and communication
policies and strategies (ZARI, DOF, DAE, PLARD and UNZA).
107.
Access to the Internet is a major problem with many institutions
interviewed. This facility is at headquarters only in the capital city. Dial-up
is the most frequently used and where available this is connected to the
Secretary of the Director or Head of institution. Staffs send and receive emails through the Secretary. Emails always take long be sent and they are
received very late (DOF, DAE). Agriculture training institutions such as
NRDC to not have access to the Internet.
108.
Many institutions expressed the need to have local area networks (LANs)
and accompanying training in troubleshooting (ZARI, DOF, DAE) as a
means of organising and making information widely available throughout
organisations.
109.
Inadequate staffing, lack of highly qualified staff and lack of opportunities
for staff training for higher qualifications is hampering the better manage
information and communications activities. Most of the institutions
interviewed have staff employed in other sectors/units but are performing
ICT duties out of interest. In the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
HQ a Planner is managing the LAN just out of interest.
110.
ZARD would like to completely digitize the resource centre materials. Like
many other institutions, there is need to develop capacity in equipment,
funds, additional staff and training to better manage these activities.
111.
All institutions interviewed expressed the need for training needs the
application of communication technologies in extension services,
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
26
management of information within organisations, editing of reports and
participative methodologies.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
27
112.
Training in building and maintaining web sites was a common expressed
need in the Zambian institutions. ZAWA, NISIR, UNZA are the few
institutions with well developed web sites.
113.
Institutions that require training and the training needed are indicated in
Table 6. Other stakeholders include local communities, natural resource
managers, policy makers, researchers and extension agents. CTA has
established a partnership with ISTT in providing hands-on training to
agricultural institutions in ICT’s.
Table 6 – Frequently mentioned training needs
___________________________________________________________
Training needed
Which organisation Target group
___________________________________________________________
Building web sites and use
of the Internet
Effective writing
Information Management
Analysis of socio-economic
Data
Design of questionnaires and
Databases
ZARI, DOF, DAE
ZARD, NAIS
ZARI, WVZ, DOF,
DAE, AMIC, LDT
ZARI, WVZ, AMIC
DOF, LDT, NAIS
ZARI, LDT
Communication and
information departments
Communication and
information departments
Communication and
information departments
Research Departments
ZARI, LDT, DAE
Research Departments
Communication and
information departments
All departments
Concepts and Tools for
Internet Use and searching
Strategies for Teaching others
And Using Electronic Resources
ZARI, LDT, DAE,
ZARD, NAIS
UNZA, ZARI, NAIS,
NISIR, DAE
Use and production of
Audio-visual training materials
NAIS, WVZ, DAE,
LDT, ZAWA
Monitoring of impact of
Information dissémination
Strategies
Making radio programmes
ZARI, ZARI, LDT
NAIS, ZAWA
Communication and
information departments,
extension workers
Communication and
information departments,
extension workers
Monitoring and
évaluation unis
NAIS, DAE, WVZ
Communication and
information departments,
extension workers
Use of GIS
ZARI, NAIS, LDT
Communication and
information departments,
extension workers
_________________________________________________________________
Table 7 - Frequently mentioned resource needs
_________________________________________________________________
Resource needs
Which organisation
___________________________________________________________
Broad band Internet access
ZARI, NAIS, LDT, DAE, DOF
Local Area Network and server
ZARI, NAIS, DOF
Library
DOF
Copying and scanning facilities
ZARI, ZARD, NAIS
Publishing Software
ZARI, NAIS, LDT
___________________________________________________________
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
28
5.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Conclusions
114.
Zambia has enjoyed peace and stability since its independence in 1964.
However, the economy has continued to decline mostly due to Zambia’s
involvement in the liberation wars of its neighbours like Zimbabwe,
Mozambique, Namibia and Angola. The recently introduced structural
adjustment programme (SAP), the Fifth National Development Plan and
ICT Policy are all measures to increase economic growth especially in all
sectors of the economy including agriculture.
115.
The ICT infrastructure in all the institutions interviewed in relation to
Internet, trends, speed, quality and cost is very poor. CTA must organise
seminars to raise awareness among the institutions in Zambia to highlight
the importance of sound information management and the importance of
increasing agricultural production and household food security and
incomes.
116.
The brain drain of highly qualified manpower to neighbouring countries and
beyond places increasing strains on a bureaucracy which generally
depends on donor funding to meet over a quarter of its budgetary
requirements. The capability and capacity to publish data and information
across institutions have been found to be very weak.
117.
Public awareness of available information in most of the institutions
interviewed is missing. For example, PROFIT in Western Province of
Zambia, complained that there is lack of information on veterinary services
from the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. There are no policies
and programmes to create public awareness of available information. In
publicly funded research stations scientists have no culture of sharing
information.
118.
Most institutions interviewed have no access to the Internet and have no
websites. This is due to a shortage of skills in the area of database
development and web-site design. There is also an acute shortage of skills
in content development hence the dissemination of technical information
and farmer training programmes are not benefiting the stakeholders.
119.
Relatively very little agricultural information is disseminated through
community radio and television. The failure of institutions to exploit
community radio and television for the dissemination of information is
linked to lack of proper policy guidelines. The recently launched ICT Policy
in Zambia is an opportunity for institutions to develop information strategies
or plans.
5.1.1 Information needs
120.
The information needs of respondents comprise the following types:
information on broad rural development such as farm problems,
government and international regulations (e.g. sanitary and phytosanitary)
to facilitate trade and to strengthen associations of farmers and fisherfolk
and on successful implementation of micro credit schemes; technical
information such as integrated pest management, low cost technologies to
increase production (e.g. crop varieties) and to conserve perishable
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
29
products (e.g. fish) and prevent post harvest losses; economic information
such as credit and micro-credit, market data and commodity profiles;
121.
All institutions interviewed expressed a great need for accurate and up-todate information in journals and bulletins on the developments in food
security, rural livelihoods, participatory methods and rural livelihoods.
122.
There is a great need for good quality statistical information on rural
livelihoods in Zambia. Staffs in the Central Statistics Office are now
teaming up with subject matter specialists in the Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives in conducting the surveys.
5.1.2 Capacity building needs
123.
Zambia has made significant advances in the production and analysis of
data. There is a lot of information available at the Central Statistics Office
due to training in data management and data storage skills.
124.
All institutions interviewed indicated the need for strengthening in ICM and
ICT skills. The institutions’ ability to collect, process and store information
is constrained by a total lack of a system in place to undertake these
activities. Most institutions have no proper positions for ICM and ICT staff.
This is also compounded by the low level of awareness of the importance
of an information management policy and strategy.
125.
There is need for capacity building in content development in ZARI, NAIS
and DAE in order to create a demand-driven extension service. This
includes capacity building within ZARI to provide information obtained from
research in formats adapted to Zambian farmers and fisherfolk, and to
translate problems identified by farmers into requests for information that
can be processed by DAE and NAIS.
126.
NGOs need training in effective communication with their target group, the
vulnerable farmers of Zambia. They need training in written
communication, the use of illustrations, communication via mass media,
and presentation and discussion skills.
5.1.3 Potential partners and beneficiaries
127.
Potential partners for CTA in Zambia are ZARI, NISIR, ISTT, UNZA,
RADIO MANO, RADIO LYAMBAI, AMIC, ZNFU, DOF, ZAWA, YWCA,
PLARD and DAE. ZNFU, DOF, ZEGA and DAE have direct links with
farmers and farmers’ associations/organisations. They are also working
directly with the vulnerable rural households and strengthening the
information management capacities of these organisations will be of direct
benefit to the ultimate target group of CTA.
128.
ISTT has maintained services and activities started with CTA in capacity
building not only for Zambia but for the SADC region. ISTT is a strong
organisation with a broad member base and a good standing among
donors and government organisations. NISIR, with its new ICT facilities
developed by the help of the IAEA can provide inputs in capacity building.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
30
5.2
Recommendations
5.2.1 Information needs
129.
It is recommended that CTA’s products and services for Zambia be geared
towards the provision of technical and marketing information for the
domestic food crop sub-sector, the biological control of pests and
diseases, using Integrated Pest Management systems; the post-harvest
handling of crops with a view to facilitate compliance with the AGOA
requirements; improved production techniques and export marketing
information for Zambia’s non-traditional export crops.
130.
It is recommended that CTA should help Zambian researchers with
problems often experienced in the course of their work by supporting the
development of suitable strategies and policies to facilitate decisionmaking regarding science, technology and innovation strategies. These
problems often manifest themselves as information needs. If these needs
are fulfilled, researchers can conduct quality research and generate
utilizable information. This information can be used by end-users such as
farmers to boost agricultural production and thus enhance the general
development of the country.
131.
MACO is yet to finalise the Management Information System manual due
mainly to bureaucracy. CTA should help to simplify government
bureaucratic processes and streamline government services into a one
stop service by helping to integrate and link government database and
back office systems together.
132.
CTA should conduct at least one awareness seminar/workshop in each
agro-ecological zone on its products and services in Zambia. Most
institutions do not seem to fully comprehend the capabilities of CTA. Some
individuals within institutions have an idea about CTA but there is need for
an institutional relationship and understanding of CTA’s products and
services.
133.
Zambia and the rest of the countries in the SADC region do not have a
common voice/grouping on agriculture issues since the collapse of
SACCAR. CTA should provide guidance and leadership in the formation of
a regional body such as ASARECA in East Africa. This would augment the
initiatives being undertaken by FAO, CABI and FARA on the strengthening
of the Agriculture Information Management System (AIMS) in the SADC
under the Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR).
134.
Market information utilization and analysis is very poor in Zambia. This
also includes the flow of this information. CTA should focus on
strengthening agricultural market institutions and tools, including market
information systems in Zambia at local and national levels.
135.
Institutions expressed a great need for accurate and up-to-date information
in journals and bulletins on the developments in food security, rural
livelihoods, participatory methods and rural livelihoods. CTA should target
carefully the needy institutions for its publications and distribution services.
In addition, CTA must collaborate with local institutions on the
development of information repositories to increase the visibility of their
efforts which due to international standards are unable to be published in
journals and bulletins.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
31
5.2.2 Capacity Building needs
136.
CTA must continue to develop a wide range of targeted training
opportunities regarding information management for staff in relevant
Zambian institutions. These include the development of information
products for research and extension materials; design and analysis of
questionnaires and other monitoring mechanisms to analyse the
effectiveness of information provision; in data management and data
storage skills; design of user-friendly search utilities and library skills.
137.
With the launch of the ICT Policy in Zambia CTA should train many
Zambians and help institutions in the development of information policies
or information strategies or both. Strengthening ICM and ICT skills should
continue to be the main focus of CTA in Zambia.
138.
It is recommended that CTA provides training support to the identified
potential partners and beneficiaries, in the areas of database and website
development, web-hosting to encourage electronic discussion and for
dissemination of information; the preparation of technical bulletins; LAN
administration and troubleshooting; desk-top publishing; video production
as well as the production of television and radio programmes for the
dissemination of agricultural information.
139.
Having identified the specific information and training needs of institutions,
CTA must develop appropriate ICM services such as building the
institutions’ capacities to document, validate and transfer their agricultural
knowledge to communities and other stakeholders, building analytical skills
(to process, understand, evaluate and draw conclusions from data) and
capacity building directed towards statistical analysis. Trainings could be
formal and informal, urban and rural.
140.
While CTA provides a variety of information products and services
available to serve the ACP countries, most of the agricultural institutions
interviewed lack computers, have limited ICT knowledge and little access
to computer services (digital divide). CTA should provide sufficient
computers, infrastructure and training to all agricultural institutions to
promote the use of its products and services.
141.
Government is reforming and there is new thinking to improve egovernment services as evidenced by the launch of the ICT Policy in
Zambia. However, government bureaucracy and limited budgetary
allocations to information and communication management in institutions
are a threat to ICT development. CTA should train government officers on
using computer and e-government service systems as well as help the
institutions participate in the ICT implementation process.
142.
A number of international organisations and donors are providing
infrastructure to agricultural institutions e.g. the IAEA and IICD. In most
cases this infrastructure is being underutilised due to limited capacity. CTA
should provide solutions for researchers and other scientists by
strengthening their capacities in content development, web design, report
writing, basic computer skills, networking and troubleshooting.
143.
Human capital and skills are either very low or not sufficient in most
agricultural institutions interviewed. CTA must increase the number of
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
32
training courses offered through the current training partner (ISTT) and the
potential new partner (NISIR) in Zambia.
5.2.3 Potential Strategic Partner Institutions
144.
It is recommended that CTA goes into a partnership with ZNFU, PLAN,
ZEGA and YWCA. These institutions have an information dissemination
system which covers a wide target group and relatively high level of
application of ICT methodologies. They all have direct links with farmers
and farmers’ associations and offer the greatest opportunity to access and
disseminate CTA’s products and services.
145.
NISIR, UNZA, ZARI, DOF, LDT, and ZAWA are providers of technical
inputs and human resources. ZARI and UNZA have continued to maintain
services and activities started with CTA’s input. NISIR, LDT and ZAWA are
very strong institutions with a broad member base and good standing
among donors and government institutions.
146.
NAE, NAIS, Radio Mano and Radio Lyambayi are also being
recommended as partners of CTA. They play a key role of intermediaries
in information dissemination and are charged with implementing
programmes to bridge information gaps on topics related to agriculture and
rural development.
147.
The recently launched ICT Policy in Zambia will need to be implemented
within the institutions. CTA should consider providing support for the
agricultural institutions to enable them to participate fully in the agricultural
ICT Policy implementation process. An advisory group should be created
to add experiences from the private sector through consulting firms,
independent study groups, associations, etc., and a methodology for action
established.
148.
There is a lack of communication between poor farmers and women on
one hand and the research institutions and developers of extension
programmes on the other hand. There is no policy guidance on the use of
private or community radio stations by government staff (e.g. extension
staff and researchers). The ICM Strategy should address this lack of
linkage.
Zambia
Assessment of Agricultural Information Needs
33
6.
PROPOSED CTA
ACTION PLAN
INTERVENTION
149.
The analysis of the conclusions and recommendations above is evident that
there are many needs which are not met or for which complimentary actions
are needed in Zambia. Therefore, the vision of CTA clearly gives direction
towards mitigating the many factors affecting ACP countries including Zambia
as far as Information and Communication Technology is concerned.
150.
The vision of CTA by 2010 (Strategic Plan 2007-2010, 2006) is to have an
increased number of ACP regional, national and local networks and
organisations to benefit from its products and services, and to acquire
improved skills and organisational capability in a wide range of areas,
including: planning and decision-making (priority-setting, planning, project
management, monitoring and evaluation), ICT infrastructure and use,
management and information systems, establishing and managing likeminded networks, (e.g. farmer organisations), publishing and disseminating
information products, establishing agricultural information services and
formulating agricultural and rural development policies and strategies.
151.
Linking agricultural and rural development stakeholders in Zambia with the
European Union (EU) partners by CTA would greatly improve the poor state of
ICT infrastructure.
152.
CTA’s products and services are effective and relevant to the agricultural and
rural development objectives of Zambia. Very few institutions interviewed
expressed their ignorance on services such as print publishing (Spore),
publications and distribution services (publications distributed every year,
bibliographic references, CD-ROM databases), web services (CTA website,
ICT update, Agritrade, Anancy and Brussels weblog), seminars and
networking and ICM training. However, CTA must identify the needy
institutions, create partnerships through signing Memorandum of
Understanding and target these products and services.
153.
Zambia is yet to benefit from CTA media services, ICM strategies (support on
cross-cutting themes, often based on studies, technical workshops, training)
and policies and integrated ICM services (support to national organisations).
CTA must immediately intervene and help the Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives to develop strategies. In November 2007 a one-week workshop
is planned by the International Institute for Communication and Development
to bring together the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (research
department) and the National Agricultural Information Services (information
and media department) to discuss the information strategy. CTA’s presence at
this workshop cannot be overemphasized.
154.
CTA has conducted and continues to conduct several important trainings at
regional level in the SADC mainly at the In-Service Training Trust in Zambia.
However, this is not sufficient enough if not followed up by in-country training-
34
STRATEGY
AND
of-trainers. A well planned and agreed follow-up strategy with an action plan
and budget for each country must be implemented.
155.
Tables 8, 9 and 10 below highlight the needs to be addressed by CTA in
Zambia immediately, in the next two years and in five years time, respectively.
Table 8 – Recommendations based on identified needs that should be
addressed immediately
Identified needs
Recommended action
______________________________________________________________
Lack of communication between poor
farmers, research institutes &
developers of extension materials
and extension services (includes lack
of information sharing culture)
Develop Information
Management Strategy and build
capacity in content management
for research and extension service
providers
Sign Memorandum of Understanding
with University of Zambia on the
establishment of Q&A service
Lack of statistical information and
information about government policies
Develop Information
Management Strategy
Table 9 – Recommendations based on identified needs that should be
addressed 2008 - 2009
___________________________________________________________
Identified needs
Recommended action
___________________________________________________________
Lack of local, national and regional
CTA to help setup local, national and
networks for managing information
regional networks
systems
Poor ICT infrastructure/resources
Link agricultural and rural
development stakeholders with
partners having sources of funding
Little or lack of use of radio
Develop Information Management
Strategy
Lack of knowledge in use of Internet
Train staff & stakeholders in the use
of Internet
Lack of data analysis skills
Creation of awareness seminars,
and conduct seminars and
workshops
35
Weak capability and capacity to
publish data and information
Train staff in effective
communication, and writing skills
as well as build capacity in content
management
Lack of visibility of local content in
international journals and bulletins
CTA to help institutions
develop repositories for local
content & help to share knowledge
south to south
Lack of accurate and up-to-date
Information in journals and bulletins
CTA to identify needy institutions,
create partnerships and target them
Poor statistical information on rural
livelihoods
CTA to provide training in survey
design and analysis
Poor implementation of National ICT
Policy in Zambia
Sign Memorandum of Understanding
with e-Brain Forum of Zambia on the
dissemination and dialogue with
relevant authorities.
MACO MIS development stagnant
CTA through its partners to help
MACO finalise its MIS manual.
Table 10 – Recommendations based on identified needs that should be
addressed 2009 - 2011
_____________________________________________________________
Identified needs
Recommended action
_____________________________________________________________
ICT Policy implementation process
CTA and MACO to join the Advisory
Group already setup involving
civil society (e.g. e-Brain Forum of
Zambia), Ministry of
Communications and Transport and
the Communications Authority of
Zambia
Poor market information flow, utilization CTA to strengthen the market
and analysis
information system
Websites for key agriculture institutions Train staff in website design and
missing
management tools
______________________________________________________________
36
Annexes
Annex 1 Terms of reference
Annex 2 Country Profile
Annex 3 Profile of institutions
Annex 4 List of institutions/persons interviewed
Annex 5 Bibliography
37
Annex 1
Terms of Reference
ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION NEEDS FOR
CTA’S PRODUCTS AND SERVICES IN
ACP AFRICAN STATES
Southern Africa & Ghana
1. Introduction
The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) was established in
1983 under the Lomé Convention between the ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific)
Group of States and the European Union Member States. Since 2000, it has operated
within the framework of the ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement.
CTA’s tasks are to develop and provide services that improve access to information for
agricultural and rural development, and to strengthen the capacity of ACP countries to
produce, acquire, exchange and utilise information in this area. CTA’s programmes are
organised around three principal activities: providing an increasing range and quantity of
information products and services and enhancing awareness of relevant information
sources; supporting the integrated use of appropriate communication channels and
intensifying contacts and information exchange (particularly intra-ACP); and developing
ACP capacity to generate and manage agricultural information and to formulate
information and communication management (ICM) strategies, including those relevant
to science and technology. These activities take account of methodological
developments in cross-cutting issues (gender, youth, information & communication
technologies – ICTs, and social capital), findings from impact assessments and
evaluations of ongoing programmes as well as priority information themes for ACP
agriculture.
CTA’s activities are currently distributed among three operational programme areas /
departments:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Information Products and Services;
Communication Channels and Services;
Information and Communication Management Skills and Systems.
These operational departments are supported by Planning Corporate Services (P&CS)
which is charged with the methodological underpinning of their work and monitoring the
ACP environment in order to identify emerging issues and trends and make proposals
for their translation into programmes and activities. This current exercise, therefore, falls
within the mandate of P&CS.
2. Background
Since 2003, CTA has been systematically conducting needs assessment studies across
the Pacific, Caribbean and Africa regions – the regions it has been mandated to serve.
These studies have been in direct response to calls for CTA, in various evaluations of its
products, services and programmes, to be more strategic in its choice regarding the
setting of its own agenda and reacting to demand. In putting together its Strategic Plan
and Framework for Action 2001 – 2005, CTA took a pragmatic view and opted to
38
develop a strategy combining the benefits of both approaches, whereby the need to
address the expressed demands of its stakeholders and the potential long-term
advantages of developing programmes that address future needs were combined.
The Centre’s new strategic plan covering the 2007 – 2010 period places emphasis on:
improving CTA’s efficiency and increasing the Centre’s outreach by addressing the
major bottleneck of difficult or insufficient access to information in ACP countries; (ii)
honing CTA’s profile and further defining the niche where the Centre has a comparative
advantage. Consequently, reaching more beneficiaries and further strengthening CTA’s
partnership networks is key as well as the thrust to make ICTs and ICM strategies more
widely available.
3. Main issues
CTA works primarily through intermediary public and private partners (research centres,
extension services, libraries, NGOs, farmers’ organisations, regional organisations and
networks, …) to promote agriculture and rural development. Under the new strategic
plan, the organisations targeted will be extended to include print media, editors, radio,
TV and journalist networks in order to further maximise outreach. Through these
partnerships, CTA hopes to increase the number of ACP organisations capable of
accessing and combining modern and conventional ICTs, generating and managing
information and developing their own ICM strategies. The identification of appropriate
partners is therefore of primordial importance, whilst bearing in mind issues such as
geographical coverage, decentralisation, regionalisation, thematic orientation and
transparent and objective criteria and procedures for partner selection.
4. Overall Objective
Collaboration strategies with ACP agricultural organisations and relevance of CTA’s
support to African ACP countries improved.
5. Scope of the study
The study will focus on:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
providing an overview of main agricultural services and actors existing in the
country (information supply side) in terms of their strengths, weaknesses and
opportunities for collaboration with CTA;
identifying agricultural information and ICM capacity building needs of key actors
/ key strategic partners for CTA products and services;
identifying potential strategic partners for CTA activities and services (paying
special attention to e.g. print media, editors, radio, TV and journalist networks);
developing some baseline data on the status of ICM and ICTs in the country to
facilitate subsequent monitoring and updating activities.
The study should assist CTA to improve and better target interventions and activities
aimed at potential partners and beneficiaries (including women, youth, private sector and
civil society organisations) to have a more informed picture of their needs and aid in the
elaboration of a strategy and framework of action. The study should also highlight where
there are specific needs for CTA’s products and services thereby enabling improvement
in the delivery of the same.
6. Expected results
The expected results of the study are as follow:
39
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
status of infrastructure, information services and ICM capacity of institutions
involved in agriculture and rural development described and analysed;
information and capacity building needs in the area of ICM identified for key
institutions and potential CTA partners involved in agriculture and rural
development;
baseline data on the status of ICM and ICT in agriculture and rural development
compiled for monitoring purposes and improved outreach.
The study should therefore also provide updated country profiles on the status
agricultural information services, the status of ICM/T in the country, which will allow CTA
to make informed decisions re type and mode of intervention as well as partner
selection. This will be summarised in one (1) main report per country not exceeding 30
pages excluding annexes (cf. section 8 below).
7. Methodology
The consultant will use a combination of qualitative and quantitative rapid appraisal
methods including:
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
the desk review of available literature and information sources including the
findings of programme evaluations;
the conduct of face-to-face interviews with relevant stakeholders / concerned
parties;
the limited use of questionnaires.
The rapid appraisal approach will allow a general overview of the key issues and
company / organisational profiles on a per country basis and may give rise to more indepth studies as and when needed in the future.
8. Reporting
The country reports will not exceed 30 pages (excluding annexes) and is broken down
as follows:
Main report
Acknowledgements
List of Acronyms
Executive summary
1. Introduction
2. Country profile
2.1 Brief description of agriculture and recent developments in the sector:
2.1.1
Agriculture
2.1.2
Fisheries
2.1.3
Forestry
2.1.4
Pastorialism / Livestock (where applicable)
2.2 Brief description of the status of ICT infrastructure and recent developments in
the sector
3. Status of information and communication for agriculture and rural development
3.1 Institutional, regulatory and policy framework
Status of national and/or other sectoral policies on information and
communication for agriculture and rural development; definition of main strategic
40
focus and principal characteristics; opportunities and threats posed by the
political, institutional and regulatory environment
3.2 Operational aspects
3.2.1
Description of agricultural information and services (main actors in
the area of
information and communication for agriculture and rural development)
3.2.2
Information products and services provided
3.2.3
Information and communication management capacity
3.3 Interventions supporting information and communication for agriculture and rural
development
Examine the main interventions undertaken, planned or foreseen by the State,
donor agencies, private sector (e.g. telecommunications sector) to respond to
identified needs paying particular attention to the priorities and means mobilised.
Lessons learnt should also be addressed in this section
3.4. Needs analysis (Main bottlenecks and shortcomings)
3.4.1
Information needs
3.4.2
Capacity building needs (IC policies & strategies, sensitisation,
networking, skills,
training, media, ICT, equipment)
4. Conclusions and recommendations
4.1 Conclusions
4.1.1 Information Needs
4.1.2 Capacity Building Needs
4.1.3 Potential Strategic Partners
4.2 Recommendations
4.2.1 Capacity Building Needs
4.2.2 Information Needs
4.2.3. Potential Strategic Partner Institutions
5. Proposed CTA Intervention Strategy and Action Plan
From the above analysis, establish a link between the needs which are not currently met
or for which complementary actions are needed and CTA’s supply (products and
services). This should lead to an overall and coherent strategy for CTA and an action
plan in priorities are identified and an implementation schedule defined.
Annexes
1. Terms of reference
2. Country profile
2.1 General agricultural profile (from available documentation)
2.1.2 Size of agricultural population (male / female / youth)
2.1.3 Farmed land, forests, fishing areas
2.1.4 Agricultural systems
2.1.5 Agriculture in the economy (percentage GDP)
2.1.6 Main agricultural produce and secondary products
2.1.7 Main export markets
2.1.8 Trade agreements that include agriculture
2.1.9 Sectoral policy related to agriculture, fisheries and forests
2.2 Socio-economic profile (from available documentation)
2.2.1 Total active population, demographic breakdown
2.2.2 Literacy level and languages
2.2.3 Access to services (health, schools, electricity)
2.2.4 Rural urban drift
41
2.3 Media and telecommunications (update / check)
2.3.1 Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, radio stations, television
channels,
2.3.2 Telecommunication services (fixed, mobile, etc.)
2.3.3 Computers and Internet access
3. Profile of institutions
3.1 List of all main institutions involved in agriculture and rural development
activities, including private sector and civil society organisations, with name,
contact details, type and role of institution
3.2 Select list of key institutions involved in agriculture and rural development,
with extensive data and information on the institution, the problems faced and
why it is considered a key actor
4. List of institutions / persons interviewed (to include full contact details)
5. Bibliography
9. Timing
The draft final report is to be submitted within three months after contract signature by
CTA; the
final report is due two weeks after receipt of comments from CTA.
10. Expertise needed
The national consultant should have a university degree or equivalent by experience.
In addition, he/she should have at least 10 years experience in field of agriculture, rural
development or social / economic sciences. He/she must have in-depth knowledge of
the agricultural sector in his/her country and be able to identify key players and
institutions / organisations active in this area. Some knowledge of information sciences
would be an added advantage. The ability to communicate and write clearly in English is
essential, while knowledge of at least one of the local languages for communication /
interview purposes is an added advantage.
In addition to the skills above, the overall coordinator is expected to be fluent in
English, have some knowledge of the 9 countries forming the object of this study, have
demonstrated experience in coordinating studies with several consultants and in
producing synthesis reports.
The overall coordination of the exercise will be carried out by Ms Christine Webster,
Deputy Head, Planning and Corporate Services CTA.
11. Implementation schedule (CTA)
ƒ Preparation/Finalisation of ToR;
Identification/ short-listing
of (potential)
consultants; Call for offers: July – October 2006;
ƒ Selection of consultants & contractual arrangements: October – November 2006
ƒ Briefing: December 2006 / January 2007
ƒ Start date of contract: 1 December 2006
ƒ Implementation period 1 December 2006 – 31 August 2007
ƒ End date of project: 31 October 2007
12. Key documents to be made available to consultants
Documents include:
ƒ Cotonou Framework Agreement
ƒ Executive Summaries of previous evaluation reports including ITAD, OPM, etc.
42
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
CTA’s Strategic Plan (2007-2010)
Annual Reports
Examples of reports of previous needs assessment studies
Documents on products & services provided by CTA
_________________________________
43
Annex 2
Country Profile – [Zambia]
2.1. General agriculture profile (from available documentation)
Zambia is a landlocked country, lying between latitudes 8 and 18 degrees South and
longitudes 22 and 34 degrees East. The country shares a boundary with eight other
countries (Figure 1). It covers a total land area of 752,612 km2 and is administratively
divided into nine provinces. Zambia’s climate is sub-tropical, characterised by three
distinct seasons: the cool dry season, which stretches from May to August; the hot dry
season from August to November and the rainy season from November to April.
2.1.1
Size of agricultural population (male/female)
The last Census of Population and Housing in Zambia was conducted in 2000 (CSO,
2000 Census Report). The Census estimated the population of Zambia as at 9.9 million.
At national level, 61 percent of the population was residing in rural areas, while 39
percent in urban areas. According to the Census 2000, there were a total of 1,305,783
agricultural households in Zambia having 6.7 million people. Most (81.8 percent) of the
population in agricultural households was based in the rural areas of Zambia. However,
the population of Zambia was estimated to be 10.9 million in the 2004 (Living Conditions
Monitoring Survey 2004).
There were 4.4 million economically active persons aged twelve years and above in
agricultural households. According to gender, about 49.3 percent were males while 50.7
percent were females. Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishery are the main industrial
activities in which most (51.6 percent) of total workers in agricultural households are
engaged.
The average size of agricultural households was 5.5 persons, but the modal household
size was four. Of the 1,305,783 agricultural households, 99.2 percent were engaged in
crop growing, 34.8 percent were involved in livestock rearing while 62.2 percent were
rearing poultry.
The majority (81.8 percent) of Zambia’s agricultural households is based in rural areas.
Eastern and Northern provinces accounted for the most of this population, with 16.8 and
15.2 percent of the total. In all provinces, there are consistently more females than
males in the agricultural households.
Table 11. Agricultural Households by Province and Residence, Zambia, 2000
Residence
Total
Rural
Urban
PROVINCE
Number Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Central
133,109
10.2
114,322
85.9
18,787
14.1
Copperbelt
157,570
12.1
55,730
35.4
101,840
64.6
Eastern
231,120
17.7
221,683
95.9
9,437
4.1
Luapula
136,554
10.5
121,316
88.8
15,238
11.2
Lusaka
59,684
4.5
30,691
51.4
28,993
48.6
Northern
219,115
16.8
200,657
91.6
18,458
8.4
North-Western
95,334
7.3
86,880
91.1
8,454
8.9
Southern
144,201
11
130,535
90.5
13,666
9.5
44
Western
129,096
9.9
122,859
95.2
TOTAL
1,305,783
100
1,084,673
83.1
Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia
6,237
221,110
4.8
16.9
Table 12. Agricultural Households by Province and Sex of Household, Zambia, 2000
Sex of Head of Household (percent)
PROVINCE
Total Number
Both Sexes
Male
Female
Central
133,109
100
83.4
16.6
Copperbelt
157,570
100
82.8
17.2
Eastern
231,120
100
80.2
19.8
Luapula
136,554
100
80.4
19.6
Lusaka
59,684
100
82.3
17.7
Northern
219,115
100
80.9
19.1
North-Western
95,334
100
81.4
18.6
Southern
144,201
100
83.3
16.7
Western
129,096
100
73.5
26.5
TOTAL
1,305,783
100
80.8
19.2
Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia
Table 13. Composition of Population of Agricultural Households by Province, Residence
and Sex, Zambia, 2000
Total
Rural
Urban
PROVINCE
Both
Male Female Both
Male Female Both
Male Female
Central
763,630 49.6
50.4
657,122 49.6
50.4
106,508 49.1
50.9
Copperbelt
882,257 49.9
50.1
262,154 50.4
49.6
620,103 49.7
50.3
Eastern
1,135,045 48.7
51.3
1,080,970 48.7
51.3
54,075 48.5
51.5
Luapula
627,423 48.6
51.4
551,856 48.6
51.4
75,567 48.5
51.5
Lusaka
341,710 49.9
50.1
166,828 50.2
49.8
174,882 49.6
50.4
Northern
1,025,765 48.8
51.2
927,388 48.8
51.2
98,377 48.5
51.5
North-Western
478,269 49.0
51.0
430,799 49.0
51.0
47,470 48.5
51.5
Southern
868,643 48.5
51.5
788,373 48.5
51.5
80,270 48.4
51.6
Western
619,923 47.2
52.8
583,882 47.2
52.8
36,041 47.9
52.1
TOTAL
6,742,665 48.9
51.1
5,449,372 48.8
51.2
1,293,293 49.3
50.7
Source: CSO, 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Zambia
2.1.2
Farmed land, forests, fishing areas
Zambia has a historical heritage of different land uses and systems. Zambia has a land
area of 752,000 km2. Significant amount of the land use is in form of protected areas
(forests estate and national parks/game reserves). Crop/livestock farming and fishing
include some of the man-made activities. Agricultural development is only second to
mining in Zambia.
Production by a growing number of emergent or medium scale holders is estimated at
20% of the total farming population. More than 60% of the land in Zambia is forest.
Forestry products contribute significantly to income, employment and subsistence in
various parts of the country.
45
Zambia has a total of 481 protected forest areas; 181 national forests and 300 local
forest reserves.
Table 14. Vegetation Types of Zambia
Vegetation Type
Area, 1000 ha
Proportion, %
Closed Forest
0.06
420
Parinari
0.06
430
Marquesia
2.07
15,560
Lake Basin
2.00
15,210
Cryptoseplum
0.91
6,830
Baikiaea
0.25
1,900
Itigi
0.01
40
Montane
0.20
1,530
Swamp
0.11
810
Riparian
Woodland (Open Forest)
41.41
311,460
Miombo
11.36
85,460
Kalahari
5.15
38,700
Mopane
4.34
32,600
Munga
3.23
24,260
Termitaria
Grassland
206,350
27.44
Open Water
10,500
1.40
TOTAL
752,060
100.00
Source: GRZ, 1998
Table 15. Land use in Zambia
Nature of Land use
Percentage
Coverage
Agriculture
45
(22% arable land)
Wildlife development
30
Forestry
development
9
Comments
3 % is for commercial farming; 20%
smallholder farming; and 22% is unused land
National parks take 8% and Game
Management areas 22%
8% is protected forest areas which is on
traditional land and 1% is forest reserve
which is on state land
6% Gazetted as commercial fishing areas
Water
14
Urban development
2
Source: Department of Research and Specialist Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Food
and Fisheries, 2003
Zambia despite being a landlocked country has 20% of its surface covered by water
bodies in form of lakes, swamps, rivers and streams. The Zambian fishery is important
as it provides employment to many people and it’s the main source of animal protein.
The importance of the fish subsector is underscored by its potential to contribute to the
nutritional status of the country (CTA, 2000). However, its contribution to the GDP in the
entire agriculture sector constitutes a small proportion of 5.7% (over the 1985-1994
period).
46
Table 16. Occurrence of Fish Species by Fishery
Fishery
Characteristics
Bangweulu Lakes and
Swamps Complex
Consist of five main lakes
namely Bangueulu, Chale,
Chifunauli, Kampolombo and
Walliumpe
Lake Itezhi-tezhi
Man-made lake created by
damming the Kafue River.
Man-made lake made b
damming the Zambezi River
Lake Kariba
Total Area
Number of Species
15,000 km2
87
370km2
61
5,364km2
57
Lake Mweru-Wantipa
Lies in an internal drainage basin
with no out floor
1,570 km2
13
Lake Tanganyika
This an old rift valley lake formed
as a result of tectonic
movements on the earth’s
Consists of the Barotse flood
plains
32,000 km2
252
10,900 km2
80
19,490 km2
61
4,500 km2
61
Upper Zambezi Flood
Plain
Lukanga Swamps
Extension of the Kafue river
system
Covers 2% of the country’s area
Lake Mweru-Wantipa
Has over 103 species of fish
Source: Fisheries Department, 1999
2.1.3
Agricultural systems
In Zambia, farming systems have to a great extent been influenced by the physical and
climatic characteristics of the three major agro-ecological zones. Table 5 shows each
zone and the soil type.
47
Table 17. Soils in Agro-ecological Zones and their Limitations to Crop Production
Zone General Description of Soils
Limitations to Crop Production
I
Loamy and clay with course to
Slightly acidic to alkaline. Minor fertility
fine tops
limitations
Reddish coarse sandy soils
Low pH, available water and nutrient
capacity reserve
Poorly drained sandy soils
Severe wetness, acidic and low fertility
Shallow and gravel soils in rolling
Limited depth and unsuitable for
to hilly areas including
cultivation
escarpment zones
II
Moderately leached clayey to
Low nutrient reserves and water holding
loamy soils
capacity
Slightly leached clayey soils
Slight to moderate acidity. Difficult to work
due to heavy textured top soil
Coarse sandy loams in large
Imperfectly to poorly. Limitations due to
valley dambos
wetness
Sandy soils on Kalahari sand
Medium to strong acidity, course textured
topsoil, low holding capacity of water and
nutrients
III
Red to brown clayey soils
Very strong acidity and strongly leached
Limited depth
Moderately to strongly leached. Fewer
limitations
Shallow and gravel soils in rolling
Limited depth
hilly areas
Clayey soils, red in colour
Moderately to strongly leached. Fewer
limitations
Poorly to very poorly drained flood Viable texture and acidity
plain soils
Coarse sandy soils in pan dambos Very strong acidity
on Kalahari sand
Soils of the rift valley
Source: Zambia Seed Technology Handbook, 1995
There are eight forms of farming systems with implications on agriculture development
and performance. These are indicated below:
•
•
•
•
•
Shifting and hoe cultivation – this is predominantly practiced in Northern, Luapula
and North-Western provinces by resource poor small scale farmers. Chitemene
falls under this category and contributes to deforestation.
Semi-commercial ox and tractor plough cultivation and ranching – This is
practiced in Central, Eastern, Southern and Lusaka provinces
Semi permanent hoe and ox plough cultivation – this is found in Western
Province only
Fishing and semi permanent hoe and ox plough cultivation – practised in eastern
and Luapula provinces
Forests – found in North-Western and Copperbelt and are leading to a conflict
between continued maintenance or the need for agricultural land.
48
•
•
Wooded areas with permanent cultivation – these are found in North-Western,
Copperbelt, Central, Southern and Lusaka provinces
National Parks – these are found in all provinces apart from Copperbelt and
Lusaka provinces.
2.1.4
Agriculture in the economy (percent GDP)
The Government of Zambia adopted the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in
1991 in an attempt to address the unfavourable copper prices leading to a decline in
export earnings. The intention was to create a macro-economic stability in the economy.
Agriculture has been perceived to play a critical role in all this, that being the engine of
Zambia’s economic growth. Non-traditional exports (NTEs) have risen since 1987
(Figure 2).
Figure 2. Share of Agriculture in Non-traditional Exports US$ >000 (1987-1997)
Real growth rate in the agricultural sector has fluctuated significantly mainly due to the
sector’s high dependence on seasonal rainfall, reduced investments and the failure to
strategically position the sector according to its comparative advantage. About 75
percent of Zambia’s population is engaged in agriculture, largely subsistence farming,
which remains vulnerable to weather fluctuations. The sector has contributed 18 percent
to GDP over the past decade. Non-traditional agriculture-based export earnings
increased from US$46.5 million in 1995 to US$133.9 million in 1999.
2.1.5
Main agricultural produce and secondary products
The Post Harvest Surveys between 2001/2002 and 2004/2005 agricultural seasons
show proportions of agricultural production by selected major crops (Table 18). Maize,
49
Cassava and Seed Cotton are the highest produced crops in Zambia. Maize is the most
important staple food crop widely grown in all provinces of Zambia.
Table 18. Agricultural Production (‘000 Mt), 2001/2002-2004/2005
Selected Major Crops
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
Maize
664,116
869,964
1,056,676
821,197
Groundnuts
75,781
67,412
71,720
86,287
Sunflower seeds
7,389
10,488
12,024
8,302
Seed cotton
65,979
75,363
142,160
133,800
Soya beans
3,348
9,051
13,188
18,148
Burley Tobacco
4,930
3,241
7,928
10,461
Virginia Tobacco
5,205
3,244
3,653
Paddy rice
19,210
14,703
17,189
17,083
Sorghum
18,639
27,895
30,320
14,896
Millet
40,282
35,463
33,190
31,387
Mixed Beans
19,911
19,788
20,965
27,460
Cassava
282,331
189,253
461,339
Source: Post Harvest Surveys, 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 (Small
and medium farmers)
Table 19. Proportion of Households Engaged in Agricultural Activities by Place of
Residence and Province
Residence/
Province
Total Zambia
Rural
Urban
Central
Rural
Urban
Copperbelt
Rural
Urban
Eastern
Rural
Urban
Luapula
Rural
Urban
Lusaka
Rural
Urban
Northern
Rural
Urban
North-Western
Rural
Urban
Southern
Rural
Urban
Western
Rural
All
households
2,110,640
1,287,490
823,150
207,243
147,243
60,100
311,712
71,694
240,018
290,224
220,570
69,654
171,659
144,194
24,465
309,949
52,691
257,258
275,395
223,070
52,325
126,107
95,619
30,195
252,423
189,317
63,106
166,219
142,948
Non Agric
households
738,724
128,749
609,131
49,303
13,243
36,060
195,568
10,754
184,814
36,684
8,823
27,862
23,483
14,419
9,063
264,294
14,753
249,540
36,930
13,384
23,546
22,797
8,606
14,192
73,834
20,825
53,009
29,720
17,154
50
Percentage
35
10
74
24
9
60
63
15
77
13
4
40
13
10
33
85
28
97
13
6
45
18
9
47
30
11
84
18
12
Agricultural
households
1,372,760
1,158,741
214,019
157,940
133,900
24,040
116,144
60,940
55,204
253,540
211,747
41,792
148,176
129,775
18,402
45,655
37,938
7,718
238,465
209,686
28,779
103,017
87,013
16,003
178,589
168,492
10,097
136,499
125,794
Percentage
65
90
26
76
91
40
37
85
23
87
96
60
87
90
67
15
72
3
87
94
55
82
91
53
70
89
16
82
88
Residence/
Province
Urban
All
households
23,271
Non Agric
households
12,566
Percentage
54
Agricultural
households
10,705
Percentage
46
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004
Table 20. Proportion of Agricultural Households engaged in growing various types of
Maize and Distribution of Maize Production by Residence and Province 2003/2004
Residence/
Province
Total Zambia
Rural
Urban
Central
Copperbelt
Eastern
Luapula
Lusaka
Northern
North-Western
Southern
Western
Agricultural
households
Percent
Growing
Maize(All
types)
1,372,760
1,158,741
214,019
157,940
116,144
253,540
148,176
45,655
238,465
103,017
178,589
136,499
Percent
Growing
Local
Maize
86
85
93
95
97
99
50
99
69
90
96
92
Percent
Growing
Hybrid
Maize
68
68
66
67
73
92
42
57
58
81
54
74
25
23
30
35
28
22
9
51
12
12
47
23
Maize
Production
(Mt)
Maize
Production
(Mt)
(1998)
965,522
852,531
112,991
241,535
75,190
249,363
18,343
57,371
46,556
47,586
185,400
43,878
2004
1,116,947
938,293
178,654
170,513
144,949
249,916
39,613
89,823
103,098
73,782
180,934
64,320
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004
Table 21. Percentage of Agricultural Households Engaged in Growing Other Staple Crops and
Production, 2003-2004
Residence/
Province
Agricultural
households
Total Zambia
Rural
Urban
Central
Copperbelt
Eastern
Luapula
Lusaka
Northern
North-Western
Southern
Western
1,372,760
1,158,741
214,019
157,940
116,144
253,540
148,176
45,655
238,465
103,017
178,589
136,499
Percent
Growing
Cassava
34
37
14
20
9
5
90
4
70
48
1
40
Cassava
Production
90kg Bags
4,112,472
3,904,280
208,193
186,895
37,611
74,803
1,355,067
45,628
1,667,881
468,856
1,368
274,363
Percent
Growing
Millet
9
10
1
7
1
2
4
34
1
3
7
Millet
Production
90kg Bags
555,763
533,402
22,361
57,445
2,523
11,895
22,812
401
406,145
1,339
25,676
27,530
Percent
Growing
Sorghum
4
5
2
8
6
1
1
2
4
3
7
6
Sorghum
Production
50kg Bags
372,187
344,113
28,073
104,329
48,942
10,168
27,535
2,163
28,893
26,286
95,820
28,052
Percent
Growing
Rice
2
2
2
1
0
2
2
0
5
0
0
6
Rice
Production
90kg Bags
108,542
90,308
18,234
6,567
143
16,968
10,338
866
32,719
267
40,675
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004
Table 22. Number and Proportion of Livestock Owning Households by Type of livestock,
Residence and Province, 2003-2004
Residence/
Agricultural Households Cattle %
Goats % Pigs %
Sheep %
Province
households Owning
Livestock
Total Zambia
Rural
Urban
1,372,760
1,158,741
214,019
434,345
406,722
27,623
51
52
52
54
53
53
42
28
28
24
4
4
5
Residence/
Province
Central
Copperbelt
Eastern
Luapula
Lusaka
Northern
North-Western
Southern
Western
Agricultural
households
Households Cattle %
Owning
Livestock
157,940
116,144
253,540
148,176
45,655
238,465
103,017
178,589
136,499
47,735
14,381
106,287
32,513
17,281
65,785
22,783
87,356
40,524
Goats %
59
36
55
9
55
33
25
67
88
Pigs %
63
44
43
72
59
68
66
57
11
Sheep %
12
36
47
31
20
28
24
21
13
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Report, 2004
2.1.6
Main export markets
Europe is generally the major destination of Zambia’s exports accounting for the largest
average market share of about 59 percent. The European Union (EU) countries account
for the biggest proportion. The export market share for the Southern African Community
(SADC) has risen by 6 percent in 2003. Table 23 below gives the agricultural export
products.
Table 23. Agricultural Export Products, Extra Zambia Trade for 2003
Ranking
1
2
3
SITC
Commodity
06111 Cane Sugar, Raw, In Solid Form
26310 Cotton, Not Carded or Combed
65133 Cotton Yarn (Excluding Sewing Thread),
with >=85% cotton, for Retail
4
12120 Tobacco, Partly or Wholly
Stemmed/Stripped
5
05469 Other vegetables & Mixtures of
Vegetables, Frozen, Nes
6
29271 Cut Flowers & Flower Buds for
Ornamental Purposes, Fresh, Dried
7
07111 Coffee, Not Roasted, Not Decaffeinated
8
29629 Other Live Plants, Cuttings & Slips;
Mushroom Spawn
9
12110 Tobacco, Not Stemmed/Stripped
10
26339 Other Cotton Waste
11
44100 Maize Seed
12
22230 Cotton Seeds
Source: CSO, External Trade Statistics Bulletin, 2004
2003
Values As % of Total
147,398
3.19
117,030
2.53
104,427
2.26
63,354
1.37
50,735
1.10
36,275
0.78
34,981
32,259
0.76
0.70
31,784
23,082
21,557
15,083
0.69
0.50
0.47
0.33
Table 24. Export Percentage Market Shares by Major Trading Partners, 1999-2004
Regional/Continent
1999
2000
2001 2002 2003
2004
SADC
28.8
29.1
29.2
37.2
43.7
48.1
Rest of Africa
1.6
1.3
2.1
1.1
1.1
0.8
Africa Total
25.4
30.5
31.3
38.3
44.8
48.9
Asia
6.5
1.6
5.9
6.1
11.2
7.9
52
1
8
6
5
5
6
9
1
-
Regional/Continent
1999
2000
2001
European Union
53.1
55.0
55.4
Rest of Euopean Union
14.2
11.8
6.5
Europe Total
67.3
66.7
61.9
Rest of the World
0.9
1.1
1.0
World Total
100
100
100
Source: CSO, External Trade Statistics Bulletin, 2004
2002
47.6
6.7
54.3
1.4
100
2003
34.5
8.1
42.6
1.5
100
2004
26.2
16.0
42.3
1.0
100
2.1.7
Trade Agreements that include agriculture
WTO (as General Agreement on Trade and Tariff - GATT) was established in 1947. It
sought substantial reduction in tariffs and other barriers to trade as well as to eliminate
discriminatory treatment in international trade. So far eight rounds of negotiations have
taken place during GATT existence. At the end of 1994 128 signatories were recorded
and Zambia signed to GATT on 10 February 1982. WTO founded on 1/1/1995 with the
conclusion of Uruguay Round Multilateral Trade Negotiations at Marrakesh on
15/04/1994 with the objectives of creating a transparent, free and rule-based trading
system; providing common institutional framework for conduct of trade relations among
member countries; facilitating the implementation, administration and operation of
Multilateral Trade Agreements; creating rules and procedures Governing Dispute
settlements; creating a trade policy review mechanism; with concern for LDCs and
NFIDCs; concern on non-trade issues such as Food Security, environment, health and
animal rights. WTO – Agreement on Agriculture, aims at having a fair and market
oriented trading system; Commitments on support and protection; Operationally effective
GATT Rules and Disciplines; Equitable Trade Reform process; Greater opportunities
and Terms of Access to developing countries; Concern for LDCs and NFIDCs; Concern
on Non-trade issues e.g.. Food security, environment and health.
The Treaty creating Preferential Trade Area (PTA) came into force in September 1992
following ratification by nine Member States. COMESA began in December 1994,
formed to replace the PTA which had existed from the earlier days of 1981. This was the
first step towards higher forms of regional economic cooperation and integration for
sustainable growth and development of Member States. COMESA became a Free Trade
Area in October 2000. The Treaty establishing COMESA was signed on 5th November
1993 in Kampala, Uganda and was ratified in Lilongwe, Malawi on 8th December 1994.
The members are: Angola, Burundi Comoros, D.R. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda,
Zambia and Zimbabwe. CET by 2004 0%, 5%, 15% and 30% on capital goods, raw
materials, intermediate goods and final goods respectively. COMESA agreed to maintain
a full free trade area guaranteeing the free movement of goods and services produced
within COMESA and the removal of all tariffs and non-tariff barriers; a customs union
under which goods and services imported from non-COMESA countries will attract an
agreed single tariff on all COMESA States. The aim the COMESA Trade Regime on
Agricultural commodities include the co-ordination of member states policies and
activities that relate to the export of crops, livestock, livestock products, fish and fish
products and forest products; to harmonize member states policies in relation to
international commodity agreements for the export of crops and livestock.
The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Trade Protocol aims are to
liberalize and ensure efficient production – comparative advantage; contribute towards
53
investment; enhance economic Development & diversification and establish a Free
Trade Area. All goods and services are covered 85% of intra SADC trade expected to be
liberalized by 2008 and the remaining 15% by 2012. There is need for setting standards
of trade but so far little work has been done in terms of agriculture good and services
ACP-EU Cotonou Agreement is a successor to the Lome Convention between the EU
and 77 countries in Africa, Caribbean and the Pacific. This will go on till 2020 with the
Non-reciprocal trade preferences granted by EU to ACP States. Preferential treatment is
given for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) under General System of Preferences
(GSP). The ACP-EU Cotonou agreement seeks to reduce and eventually eradicate
poverty; contributing to sustainable development and to the gradual integration of ACP
countries into the world economy. The current negotiation themes launched in 2002
include market access; agriculture and fisheries; trade in services; development cooperations; trade related issues; and legal issues.
2.1.8
Sectoral Policy Related to Agriculture, fisheries and forests
2.1.8.1
Policy Declarations
The Agriculture Policy
The draft National Agricultural Policy of 2001 envisions the provision of food security for
the majority of Zambians through increased yields and to have agriculture that utilizes
natural resources on a sustainable basis for income, employment generation and
economic growth. For fisheries, the focus is to promote community based resource
management of fisheries thereby improving catches.
The role of the public sector will increasingly be confined to policy formulation,
enforcement of legislation, regulation and inspection, maintenance of the strategic food
reserves, provision of market information, financing the control of pests and diseases,
provision of agricultural services (research and extension) in partnership with the private
sector, provision of targeted support to outlying areas and underprivileged farmer
groups, promoting capacity building within public and private organizations and
monitoring and evaluation of overall sector performance including projects and
programmes.
The policy promotes sustainable and environmentally sound agricultural practices
through farming systems such as conservation farming, afforestation, agro forestry and
green manuring. This is intended to arrest rapid deforestation, loss of agro biodiversity
and land degradation. The policy will be realized through the following specific priority
objectives:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
To ensure national and household food security through dependable annual
production of adequate supplies of basic foodstuffs at competitive costs;
To contribute to sustainable industrial development by providing locally produced
agro based raw materials;
To increase agricultural exports thereby enhancing the sector’s contribution to
the national balance of payments;
To generate income and employment through increased agriculture production
and productivity; and
To ensure that the existing agricultural resource base is maintained and
improved upon.
54
Some of the key sectoral strategies to realize the objectives include:
i)
Strengthening and monitoring the liberalization of markets and facilitating private
sector development
ii)
Diversification of agricultural production
iii)
Reviewing and realigning institutional and legislative arrangements
iv)
Development of infrastructure in potentially productive agricultural areas
v)
Development and promotion of appropriate technology
vi)
Prevention and control of pests, crop and livestock diseases of national
importance
vii)
Strengthening emergency preparedness
viii)
Regulating the introduction and use of bio-technological products in particular,
genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
The Draft Fisheries Policy
Many issues contribute to poor fisheries management and the depletion of the fisheries
resource base. One of the major threats to sustainable fisheries production is over
fishing. This is caused by increased number of fishermen exerting pressure on the
fisheries resource and the use of bad and destructive fishing methods. Other factors are
poor enforcement, monitoring and management of fisheries caused by inadequate
supervisory capacity, lack of data of fish stocks and guidelines.
To improve the management of fisheries, it was recommended:
a)
Renewal of the restriction on fishing gear;
b)
Strengthening institutional enforcement and monitoring capacity;
c)
Introduction of community based fisheries management;
d)
Undertaking fish inventories to determine yield standards and levels
e)
Strengthening existing services; and
f)
Developing a comprehensive policy and legal framework for fisheries
management and development.
2.1.8.2
Relevant Legislation
The Agricultural Lands Act, Cap 187
The Agricultural Lands Act is the principal legal instrument for agricultural management.
It does not apply to customary land. The statute is implemented by the Ministry of
Agriculture and Cooperatives. The Act empowers the Minister to declare any State Land
or private land (with the consent of the registered owner) as agricultural land and hence
subject to the provisions of the Act. The Agricultural Lands Board comprising members
appointed by the Minister determines issues related to agricultural land. The Act obliges
a lessee to use his holding primarily for agricultural or related purposes and for the
personal residence of himself, his family and necessary staff and for no other purpose,
except with the prior consent of the President.
The Noxious Weeds Act, Cap 231
The Noxious Weeds Act is the main legislative framework dealing with IAS, in this Act
generally referred to as ‘Noxious weeds’. The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives,
through the Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Service, implements the Act. The Act
provides for the eradication of noxious weeds. The Minister has power to declare by
statutory notice, any plant to be a noxious weed in any area that may be specified in the
notice. "Noxious weed" is defined as any plant declared to be a noxious weed.
55
The Act places a duty on every occupier of land within any specified area to report the
occurrence of and to eradicate noxious weeds. The Minister is empowered to prohibit or
restrict the importation, distribution, conveyance or sale of any noxious weed or of any
seed with which the seed of any particular noxious weed has
become mixed. It is an offence to obstruct or interfere with any inspector, assistant or
agent of any inspector, in the execution of any duty or exercise of any power imposed or
conferred by the provisions of the Act.
The Plant Pests and Diseases Act, Cap 233
The Plant Pests and Diseases Act is the enabling framework for the eradication and
prevention of the introduction and spread of plant pests and diseases in Zambia. The
Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Service implement this act.
Pests
The Act bestows wide discretionary powers on the Minister to regulate and provide for
the eradication of pests and the prevention or control of attacks by the spread of pests.
Specifically, the Minister regulates:
(a)
The disinfection, treatment, fumigation, destruction or disposal of pests or
infested plants;
(b)
The restriction, removal or transportation of pests or plants;
(c)
The control and destruction of host plants and alternate hosts;
(d)
The prohibition, restriction, cultivation, destruction and harvesting of plants if, in
the opinion of the Minister, a pest cannot otherwise be readily or adequately
controlled or eradicated;
(e)
The methods of planting, cleaning, cultivating and harvesting to be adopted and
the precautions and measures to be taken by an owner of land for the purpose of
preventing or controlling attacks by or the spread of a pest;
(f)
The registration and inspection of nurseries;
(g)
The disinfection, fumigation and treatment of vehicles, land, warehouses,
buildings and structures suspected of being or having been used for the storage
of anything likely to infest a plant with a pest;
(j)
The declaration of infested or quarantine areas; and
(k)
The payment and recovery of fees for any disinfection, fumigation or treatment
carried out by an inspector.
Injurious Organisms
The Minister may prohibit, restrict and regulate the importation of any growing media,
injurious organisms and invertebrates. Importation in relation to growing media, injurious
organisms, invertebrates or plants, includes transit through Zambia.
Cured Tobacco
The Minister issues licenses to authorize the handling, storing or removal of cured
tobacco. The Act prohibits any person from handling, delivering, storing or removing
cured tobacco from any unlicensed premises or premises not suitable for the purpose of
curing or storing tobacco. The Act prohibits the Minister from issuing a license in respect
of any premises unless he is satisfied on the report of an inspector that the premises are
suitable for the handling and storing of cured tobacco and are free from pests. An
inspector may order the owner of the premises to disinfect, fumigate or treat the
premises and their contents within fourteen days in the manner ordered by the inspector
if the premises or cured tobacco are infested with a pest or if the inspector confirms the
existence of an infestation reported by an owner of premises.
56
Growing Media
In respect of growing media, an inspector has power to:
i.
Enter at all reasonable times on land, buildings or structures;
ii.
Inspect any growing media or plant;
iii.
Order the application of measures which are reasonably necessary or prescribed
for the eradication or prevention of the spread of a pest;
iv.
Order the destruction of alternate hosts and any plant which is growing on land
contrary to the provisions of the Act;
v.
Give instructions for the adoption of measures prescribed for the purpose of
protecting cured tobacco from infestation with a pest of tobacco; and
vi.
Declare a nursery as an infested area until such time as the nursery is free from
the pest.
The Agriculture (Fertilizers and Feed) Act, Cap 226
The Act was enacted in 1970 to provide for the regulation and control of the
manufacture, processing, importation and sale of agricultural fertilizers and farm feed
and for the minimum standards of effectiveness and purity of such fertilizers and feed.
The Act is implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. For purposes of
administration of the Act, registration or licensing of plants under the Act, the Minister
appoints a Registering Officer who is a public officer.
The conditions for importation of fertilizers and farm feed containing animal substance,
bone or other substance are elucidated in section 40 as follows:
i.
An importer must submit to the Minister a certificate issued and signed in the
country of origin of the fertilizer, farm feed, bone or other substance by the
person designated by the Minister; and
ii.
The certificate of importation must state that the fertilizer or farm feed is free from
pathogenic organisms or that the bone or substance has been sterilized in the
prescribed manner.
The Plant Variety and Seeds Act, Cap 236
This Act was enacted in 1967 to provide for the regulation and control of the production,
sale, import and export of seed and to provide for testing and for minimum standards of
germination and purity. It also provides for the certification of seed. The Act is
implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The Cotton Act, Coffee Act
and Plant Pests and Diseases Act also control the seed sub-sector. Seed is defined as
‘the part of any plant, customarily referred to as seed, intended for planting and includes
seed potatoes’. The Seed Control and Certification Institute is designated as the
Certifying Authority and is responsible for the administration of the Act, quality control,
monitoring seed trade and providing coordination of the sector.
Prescribed Seed
The Minister has power to declare seed to be prescribed seed for purposes of the Act.
The Act prescribes standards for packaging, selling, labelling and transportation of
prescribed seed. The Minister may order the disposal of sub-standard seed, destruction
without compensation to the owner, direct its return to the person from whose custody
and control it was taken, bring proceedings for forfeiture and destruction and if the seed
upon testing is certified to be injurious to the health of human beings, animals and
plants, order the seed to be forfeited and destroyed without compensation to the owner.
57
Restricted Seed
Restricted seed’ refers to any seed the importation of which by virtue of a regulation
made by the Minister is restricted, limited, subject to condition or prohibited. The Minister
issues permits for the importation of restricted seed. Any imported seed must be taken
for testing to a certifying agency and should not be sold or disposed off by any person
prior to the receipt of a report on the test from the Certifying Authority.
Certified Seed
The Minister may prescribe certain seed as Zambia certified seed or imported certified
seed. The Minister may further, by statutory notice, specify any particular variety of
prescribed seed which may be cultivated for the purpose of producing seed for
certification as Zambia certified seed, or which may, if imported, be certified as imported
certified seed. The Act requires any seed producer who desires to cultivate any specified
variety for purposes of certification as Zambia certified seed, to apply to the Certifying
Authority for registration. The Certifying Authority may impose such conditions and
limitations upon any registration as may be necessary. Registration is valid for the
production of one crop only of the particular specified variety or varieties to which it
relates; but for the purposes of sale of Zambia certified seed, it is valid for so long as is
necessary for the registered seed producer to dispose of the Zambia certified seed.
The Plant Variety (Potato Seed) Regulations provide for requirements for potato seed.
They set standards for the importation, growing, packaging, virus control and seed
quality. Potato seed is declared prescribed seed.
The Tobacco Act, Chapter 237
The Tobacco Act, enacted in 1968, provides for the promotion, control and regulation of
the production, marketing and packing of tobacco, the promotion and control of the
export of tobacco from and import into Zambia and promotion of research in connection
with tobacco. The Act requires all tobacco growers to be registered in respect of the
growing of any class of tobacco. The Minister prescribes the classes and varieties of
tobacco, controls the marketing of a specified class or grade and regulates, by permit,
the export of tobacco. The Minister may, after consultation with the Board, by statutory
instrument, exempt any person or class of persons or any class of tobacco from the
provisions of the Act.
The Plant Pests and Diseases (Potato and Tobacco Growing) Regulations
The Regulations prohibit the growing of field potatoes and field tobacco at the same time
on a farm between the 1st October and the 31st March in any growing season. The
Minister may, upon receipt of a written application, exempt, subject to such conditions as
he may specify any person or class of persons from complying with the provisions of the
regulations.
The Plant Pests and Diseases (Tobacco) Regulations
The Regulations require tobacco lands to be cleared annually. The tobacco plants,
including stalks and roots must be destroyed by:
i.
Burning;
ii.
Conversion into manure by a process approved by an inspector;
iii.
Ploughing or discing; or
iv.
Any other method of destruction approved in writing by an inspector.
58
The Cotton Act, Cap 227
The Act provides for the protection and control of the cotton industry, regulates the
importation of cottonseed and prevents the spread of diseases affecting cotton.
The Minister has power to make regulations:
(a)
To deal with diseases affecting cotton;
(b)
To regulate the importation of cotton seed; and
(c)
Generally for the protection and control of the cotton industry.
The Plant Pests and Diseases (Cotton) Regulations oblige an owner of land cultivated
for the production of cotton to destroy all cotton plants on his land annually:
(d)
On or before the 1st August in each year if that land is situated in an infested
area or in a quarantine area; or
(e)
On or before the 1st October in each year if that land is situated outside an
infested area or a quarantine area.
The owner is further prohibited from planting any cotton in an infested area or in a
quarantine area before the 1st October in any year. The Cotton (Control of Diseases)
Regulations empower the Minister to destroy all cotton plants that are not destroyed
during the prescribed periods. The Minister may exempt any person or class of persons
from complying with the Regulations.
The Coffee Act, Cap 228
The Act establishes the Coffee Board of Zambia, defines its functions and powers and
those of the Zambia Coffee Growers Association. It also regulates the coffee industry
and the control, production and marketing of coffee. The Act prohibits the selling or
dealing in any manner with coffee for commercial purposes without a license and
growing or curing coffee without certification.
Inspectors appointed under the Act have powers of entry into premises, inspection of
books, search, seizure and arrest. Police officers assist with the enforcement of the Act.
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
The plan was formulated in 1999 in fulfilment of Zambia’s obligation under the
Convention on Biodiversity. It is implemented by the MTENR. The NBSAP states that
conservation of biodiversity in Zambia is derived from the need to support the economic
and livelihood activities of the country’s population who depend on natural resource
utilization and that the agriculture, fisheries, forestry, wildlife and tourism sectors directly
depend on biodiversity.
The Fisheries Act, Cap 200
The Act provides for the development of commercial fishing, the control of fishing and
the registration of fishermen and their boats. It does not cover private fish farming. The
Surveyor of vessels in the MCT determines the suitability of large commercial fishing
vessels. The Department of Fisheries (DoF) is mandated to manage and develop the
fisheries resources in Zambia and to enforce legislation related to the utilization of the
fish resource. To enhance enforcement, police officers above the rank of Assistant
Inspector exercise some regulatory responsibilities under the Fisheries Act.
The Minister may appoint a Fishing Development Committee for the better co-ordination
and improvement of commercial fishing in any commercial fishing area.193 Fisheries
officers have powers of search, arrest and seizure of any fish, net, vessel or device
59
unlawfully obtained. The Minister, Director or other licensing officer may suspend, vary
or cancel a fishing license
The Zambia Wildlife Act, No. 12 Of 1998
The main objectives of the Act are to provide for the establishment, control and
management of National Parks and for the conservation and enhancement of wildlife
eco-systems, biodiversity, and of objects of aesthetic, pre-historic, historical, geological,
archaeological and scientific interest in National Parks. It further provides for the
promotion of opportunities for the equitable and sustainable use of the special qualities
of National Parks. The Act makes provision for the establishment, control and
management of GMAs, the sustainable use of wildlife and the effective management of
the wildlife habitat in GMAs and envisions the enhancement of benefits of these areas to
local communities and to wildlife through involvement of local communities in the
management of GMAs.
The Forests Act, Cap 199
The Forests Act provides for the establishment and management of National Forests
and Local Forests, makes provision for the conservation and protection of forests and
trees and the licensing and sale of forest produce. In terms of protection of species, it
empowers the Minister to declare any kind or category of trees, to be a protected tree in
the whole or part of Zambia by statutory instrument. It prohibits the felling, cutting,
burning, injuring, taking or removing of any protected tree. The 1999 Forests Act (that
awaits the enactment of a commencement order to make it effective) amended the 1974
Act. Unlike the old Forests Act, the new Act in line with the National Forestry Policy,
makes provision for the participation of local communities, traditional institutions, NGOs
and other stakeholders in forest management through joint forest management.
The Lands Act, Cap 184
The President may alienate land to any Zambian. A non-Zambian is eligible to hold land
if the non-Zambian is, for example, permanently resident in Zambia, given consent by
the President, an investor or a holder of a concession under the Zambia Wildlife Act. The
President’s powers of land alienation are however not without limitation; he for instance,
cannot alienate land in a district or under customary tenure without making consultation
with the relevant chief or local authority.
Section Three of the Act states in subsection (4) that ‘the President shall not alienate
any land situated in a district or an area where land is held under customary tenure(a)
Without taking into consideration the local customary law on land tenure which
is not in conflict with this Act;
(b)
Without consulting the Chief and the local authority in the area in which the land
to be alienated is situated, and in the case of a game management area, and the
Director of National Parks and Wildlife Service, who shall identify the piece of
land to be alienated;
(c)
Without consulting any other person or body whose interest might be affected by
the grant; and
(d)
If an applicant for a leasehold title has not obtained the prior approval of the
chief and the local authority within whose area the land is situated.’
The Convention On Biological Diversity (Nairobi, 1992)
The Convention was adopted on 5th June 1992 and came into force on 29th December
1993. It was ratified by Zambia in 1993. The MTENR implements the Convention in
60
Zambia. The objectives of the Convention are the conservation of biological diversity, the
sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits
arising from the use of genetic resources.
International Plant Protection Convention, 1951
The International Plant Protection Convention was adopted in November 1951 and came
into force in April 1952. Zambia acceded to the Convention on 24th June 1986. The
Convention was developed against a background of incidents and threats relating to the
introduction of pests and diseases of plants and plant products, particularly through
transboundary movements.
The Phytosanitary Convention for Africa, 1974
This Convention deals with plant diseases and insect plant pests. It was adopted by
African Heads of States in 1967 and came into force in 1974. The Heads of African
States and government of the OAU (now AU) committed to:
(a)
Prevent the introduction of diseases, insect pests and other enemies of plants
into any part of Africa;
(b)
Eradicate or control them in so far as they are present in the area;
(c)
Prevent their spread to other territories within the area
The Small Industry Development Act of 1981
The Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry (MCTI), was charged with the
responsibility for coordinating and developing policy for the small scale enterprise (SSE)
sector. Through its small unit, MCTI controlled Small Industry Development Organisation
(SIDO) which was created through the Small Industry Development Act of 1981.
2.1.9
Institutional and Regulatory Policy Framework for Information and
Communication
The National Information and Communication Technology Policy launched on 28th March
2007 (National Information and Communication Technology Policy, 2007) highlight the
issues surrounding institutional and regulatory policy framework for information and
communication. It states that the social and economic challenges facing Zambia and the
opportunities that ICT’s offer pose complexity policy choices for the nation. Zambia has
to address the implementation of the policy and mainstreaming of ICT’s amid strong
competition for limited financial resources from other sectors.
The successful achievement of the ICT for development (ICT4D) policy goals and
objectives depend on an integrated and wholesome approach during implementation
underpinned by developing strategic synergies and partnerships between the public and
private sector as well as civil society.
One of the strategies on agriculture is to create an integrated agricultural information
system on agro-technologies and techniques, pricing and market information for all agro
products in order to provide strategic information for farmers, government authorities,
and other stakeholders at national, provincial and district levels.
e-Brain Forum of Zambia is a national multi-stakeholder organisation whose overriding
objective is to develop a common knowledge-sharing community on the use of ICT’s to
foster social and economic development. The forum was established in June 2001 and
officially registered as a development oriented, not for profit organisation in April 2002.
One of the activities of e-Brain is to engage government in policy dialogue in national
61
ICT and sector formulation involving its membership, participation in the development of
ICT in education and agriculture policy and engagement in the national ICT policy
formulation and implementation process.
2.2. Social Economic profile (from available documentation)
Table 25. Economic Indicators
GDP
Gross Domestic Product:
At Current Prices (K’ Billion)
At Constant (1994) Prices K’ Billion)
Per Capita GDP:
At Current Prices (K)
At Constant (1994) Prices (K)
Real GDP Growth Rate (%)
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
K’ Billion
Percentage
Exchange Rate (Average)/US$
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
13,132.7
2,621.3
16,260.4
2,707.9
20,479.2
2,846.5
25,997.4
2,999.2
32,456.3
3,155.9
1,301,621
259,806
4.9
1,562,085
260,138
3.3
1,906,038
264,930
5.1
2,344,290
270,450
5.4
2,836,723
275,830
5.2
418.9
16.0
3,610.00
411.7
15.2
4,306.91
432.5
15.2
4,733.47
450.8
15.0
4,774.90
448.3
14.2
4,577.64
Source: CSO, Zambia in Figures 2004/2005
2.2.1
Demographics
Copperbelt, Eastern and Lusaka provinces recorded the highest proportion of population
of 15 percent, 14 and 14 percent, respectively. However, looking at the population
distribution by 5-year age groups by sex shows that the population was concentrated
among the younger age groups ranging from 0-24 years.
Table 26. Population Distribution by Province, Rural and Urban Areas, Zambia, 2004
Total
Province
Number of
Percentage Population Distribution
Persons
Share
Rural
Urban
Central
1,139,683
10
72
28
100
Copperbelt
1,662,757
15
21
79
100
Eastern
1,516,554
14
76
24
100
Luapula
867,491
8
83
17
100
Lusaka
1,533,789
14
18
82
100
Northern
1,411,324
13
79
21
100
North-western
660,274
6
74
26
100
Southern
1,362,228
12
77
23
100
Western
838,438
8
85
15
100
All Zambia
10,992,538
100
61
39
100
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004
Table 27. Percentage Distribution of Population by 5 Age Group and Sex, Zambia, 2004
Age-group
Male
Female
Both
Number of
Persons
0-4
15
14
14
1,589,666
5-9
16
15
15
1,705,566
10-14
15
15
15
1,602,030
15-19
12
12
12
1,286,605
20-24
10
11
11
1,125,040
62
Age-group
Male
Female
Both
25-29
30-34
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65+
Total
8
8
8
7
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
100
100
100
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004
Number of
Persons
877,006
716,690
518,312
419,329
317,524
228,657
183,888
127,767
275,101
10,992,538
2.2.2 Literacy level and languages
According to the Human Development Report, 2006, education is measured by the adult
illiteracy rate, and a decent standard of living is measured by the un-weighted average of
people without access to an improved water source and the proportion of children under
age 5. Table 28 below shows Zambia’s Literacy rates. The percent female of adult
illiterate population is 63.4.
Table 28. Zambia Literacy Rates
Total Adult
Literacy
Rate (%)
68
Adult
Male
Literacy
Rate (%)
76.3
Adult
Female
Literacy
Rate (%)
59.8
Adult
GPI
0.78
Total Youth
Literacy
Rate (%)
69.5
Youth
Male
Literacy
Rate (%)
72.6
Youth
Female
Literacy
Rate
(%)
66.2
Youth
GPI
0.91
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007
English is the official language of Zambia. Major vernaculars include Bemba, Kaonde,
Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga and about 70 other indigenous languages.
2.2.3 Access to facilities
The households’ access to various amenities including sources of water supply, lighting
and cooking energy, education and health in Zambia is outlined in the Living Conditions
Monitoring Survey Report, 2004. There are many sources of drinking water both for the
dry and wet season. Among these water sources, protected wells, boreholes, pumped
water and taps are regarded as safe sources of water supply; whereas unprotected
wells, rivers and lakes/streams are considered unsafe sources of water supply.
At national level about 57percent of households have access to safe water supply. The
remaining 43 percent of households access water from unsafe sources. Further, about
85 percent of urban households have access to safe water sources while about 39
percent of households in rural areas access safe water sources in both the wet and dry
seasons.
The main types of energy used for lighting by households are kerosene/paraffin,
electricity, candle, diesel and open fire. However, in rural areas, kerosene/paraffin is the
63
most commonly used source o lighting with 62 percent of households using it. In urban
areas electricity is the most commonly used source of lighting energy (48 percent) while
kerosene/paraffin is used by 20 percent of the households. As for cooking energy, at
national level, the majority of households, 56 percent used firewood as the main source
followed by Purchased Charcoal with 27 percent and electricity, 16 percent.
Access to social and economic facilities such as food market, health facilities, middle or
upper basic schools, hammer mill or public transport shows that more than 70 percent of
households were within a 5 km radius. In terms of rural and urban areas this accounts
for 45.6 and 97.2 percent respectively.
In Zambia the most common method of used for disposing garbage is pitting. About one
in two households used a dug pit to dispose off garbage. Dumping is the next common
method of garbage disposal used by 43 percent of the households.
Table 29. Percentage Distribution of Households by Use of Various Facilities by
Rural/Urban, Zambia, 2004
Residence
Facility
All Zambia
Rural
Urban
Food Market
82.1
70
96.2
Post Office
42.1
28.3
58.2
Community School
9.6
9.9
9.7
Low Basic School (1-4)
10.2
9.5
10.9
Middle Basic School (1-7)
30.8
35.8
25.1
Upper Basic School (1-9)
42.3
37.3
48.1
High School
11.9
7.1
17.5
Secondary School
16
10.6
22.3
Health Facility
90.2
89.7
90.8
Hammer Mill
72.1
84.8
57.3
Input Market
26.6
28.3
24.7
Police Station/Post
55
37.9
75.1
Bank
22,.2
10.3
36.1
Public Transport
77.6
67.1
89.9
Public Phone
22.4
8.1
39.2
Internet Cafe
3.3
0.7
6.4
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004
2.2.4 Rural-urban drift
Migration is defined as “a form of geographic or spatial movement involving a change of
residence between clearly defined geographic units”.
Table 30. Rural Urban Migration of Persons who moved from a different Locality,
different District or different Province in Zambia, 2004
Direction of
Migration
Moved from)
Rural to Rural
Rural to Urban
Urban to Rural
Urban to Urban
Central
C/belt
Eastern
Luapula
41
15
19
26
12
12
11
65
29
21
14
37
51
20
10
19
Province
Lusaka Northern
13
6
15
66
41
21
12
26
64
N/Western
Southern
Western
37
10
29
24
49
13
14
24
53
19
14
14
Total Migration
Total
Number
32
15
14
38
123,338
58,186
54,561
147,036
Direction of
Migration
Moved from)
All
Central
C/belt
Eastern
Luapula
100
100
100
100
Province
Lusaka Northern
100
100
N/Western
Southern
Western
100
100
100
Total Migration
Total
Number
100
Source: CSO, Living Conditions Monitoring Survey, Zambia, 2004
2.3. Media and telecommunications
The development of a sophisticated and internationally competitive Mining Industry in
Zambia served to also introduce Information and Communication Technologies at a
relatively early stage. The Telecommunications Act was promulgated in May 1994 and
immediately positioned Zambia to be come a leading African country in the use of ICT.
However, the lack of power supply in rural areas is a concern for ICT use in schools and
remote villages and towns. Solar power units are viable alternatives for uses with low
power consumption.
The Mobile Communications are responsible for a significant part of the growth in
teledensity in Zambia. The government has not privatised the incumbent
telecommunications operator, ZAMTEL, but has introduced competition through
licensing of private mobile operators.
The ICT National Policy launched in March 2007 builds a comprehensive framework of
ICT related initiatives needed to guarantee equal access to information services.
However, the implementation process for the National ICT Policy remains a very big
challenge to both government and other stakeholders. Media and telecommunications
include news, newspapers, journals, news services, press abstracts, publishing and
bookseller associations.
Table 31. Basic Data for Zambia.
Number of Television Stations:
9
Number of Television Sets:
277,000
Television Sets per 1,000:
28.4
Number of Satellite Subscribers:
11,000
Satellite Subscribers per 1,000>
1.1
Number of Radio Stations:
28
Number of Radio Receivers:
1,300,000
Radio Receivers per 1,000:
133.1
Number of Individuals with Computers:
70,000
Computers per 1,000:
7.2
Number of Individuals with Internet Access:
20,000
Internet Access per 1,000:
2.0
Source: URL-http://www.pressreference.com/Uz-Z/Zambia.html Accessed
8/3/2007
65
383,121
2.3.1
Newspapers, periodicals and broadcast media
Newspapers and Periodicals
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Lusaka Lowdown
Private
Monthly
Regular
http://www.lowdown.co.zm/2003/200312/signingawaycorruption.htm
Online, streets, major retailers
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
The Post
Private
Daily
Regular
http://www.postzambia.com/
Streets, online
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Sunday Mail
Government
weekly
http://www.dailymail.co.zm/sunday/today/front.htm
streets, major retailers
Delivery Outlets
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Sunday Times of Zambia
Government
Daily
http://www.times.co.zm
streets, major retailers
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Times of Zambia
Government
Daily
http://www.times.co.zm/
streets, major retailers
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Zambia Daily Mail
Government
Daily
http://www.daily-mail.co.zm
streets, major retailers
Name
Ownership
The Monitor
Private
66
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
http://www.monitor.co.zm/
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
National Mirror
Joint Venture
12000 weekly
http://www.onlinenewspapers.com
Retail shops,
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Southscan Net
Private
http://southscan.gn.apc.org/
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
United States Mission to Zambia
US government
online
http://www.usemb.org.zm
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Washingtonpost.com: World
-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/world/
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Afrika.no: the Index on Africa (The Norwegian
Council for Africa)
http://afrika.no/
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
World News Network – WN.com
Private
http://www.wn.com
Online
Name
Ownership
Zambia Online, the National Homepage of
Zambia
Government
67
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
http://www.zambia.co.zm
Online
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Afrol News
Private
http://www.afrol.com
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
BBC World Service.com
Private
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Brokenhill
Private
http://www.brokenhill.co.zm/23/index.shtml
Online
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Chrysalis Magazine Index
http://www.chrysalis.co.zm
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Committee to Protect Journalists
http://www.cpj.org
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
CountryWatch
http://www.countrywatch.com
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN)
-
68
website
Delivery Outlets
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
http://www.irinnews.org
The Internet Public Library
http://www.ipl.org
-
Technical Journals & Bulletins
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Journal of Science and Technology
Joint Venture
Bi-annual
Regular
http://www.ajol.info/policies.php?jid=92#freq
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Journal of Agricultural Science
Joint Venture
Regular
-
Name
Ownership
Circulation
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Delivery Outlets
Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Joint Venture
Regular
-
Radio
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Phoenix
Private
24 hrs
http://www.radiophoenix.co.zm/
Lusaka
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Radio Maria
Private
24 hours
http://www.radiomaria.org/
69
Reach of Broadcast
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Breeze FM Radio
Private
24 hours
Regular
http://www.breezefm.makeni.net/feature3.ht
m
Chipata
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Sky FM Radio
Private
18 hours/day
https://www.sky.fm/
Lusaka & Monze
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Parliament Radio
Government
During parliament debates
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Zambia National Broadcasting Services
Goverment
18 hours
Regular
http://www.znbc.co.zm/
Zambia
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
QFM Radio
Private
18 hours/day
http://qfmradio.com/
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Maranatha Radio
Joint Venture
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Mano
Private
24 hours
Kasama
70
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Christian Voice
Private
18 hours/day
http://www.voiceafrica.net/newgraphicsite/ind
exframeset.htm
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
BBC
Joint Venture
24 hous
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/d/
Throughout the country
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Yatsani
Private
18 hours/day
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Choice FM Radio
Private
http://www.choice-fm.co.uk/Default.asp
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Diocese of Mansa
Private
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Mazabuka Radio
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Mkushi
-
71
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Radio Lyambai
Private
18 hours/day
Mongu
Television
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
TBN
Private
24 hous
http://www.tbn.org/index.php/2/18/region/Afri
ca.html
-
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
CASAT
Private
24 hours
All provinces of Zambia
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
MUVI TV
Private
24 hours
http://www.muvitv.com/
Lusaka
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
Zambia National Broadcasting Services
Government
18 hours
Regular
http://www.znbc.co.zm/
Throughout the country
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
MOBI
Private
18 hours
http://www.mobitv.com/
Lusaka
Name
Ownership
Broadcast Hours
Agriculture & Rural Issues
website
Reach of Broadcast
MultiChoice
Joint Venture
24 hours
Urban areas
72
2.3.2
Telecommunication Services
The major telecommunications operator in Zambia is the Zambia Telecommunications
Limited (ZAMTEL) owned by the government.
Mobile Companies
Three main mobile cellular companies in Zambia are Celtel, Telecel (now called MTN)
and Zamtel (Cell Z) a Zambia Telecommunications Company Limited (ZAMTEL). In
terms of Geographical coverage all the three companies are still expanding though
Celtel is ahead. Celtel and MTN are private while Zamtel is government owned controls
all fixed landlines in the country. Celtel, the market leader, has established networks in
all the nine provinces and covers almost all the 72 districts of Zambia.
Figure 3: Mobile Network Subscribers
Source: A Country ICT Survey for Zambia Report
Celtel Pre-paid Plan
Type of Call
Celtel to Celtel
1st – 3rd minute
4th minute onwards
Celtel to other networks in
Zambia
1st minute
2nd minute
3rd minute onwards
Voicemail
Price per minute (in units)
Off-peak
Peak
0.17
0.13
0.28
0.26
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.17
0.50
0.44
0.33
0.17
73
Type of Call
Balance inquiry
WAP
Price per minute (in units)
Off-peak
Peak
0.06
0.06
0.17
0.17
Cost of three minute local call (in ZMK)
Name
Subscribers
Celtel
14,300,000
MTN
450,000
CellZ
60,000
2.3.3 Computers and the Internet
There is very little usage of computers in schools in Zambia. This is true with tertiary
education as well. Computers are used at university. All hardware is imported in Zambia
and this makes it very expensive for most people to afford to buy items like computers.
According to licenses issued by the Communications Authority there are fourteen
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in Zambia (Table 32).
Table 32. Internet Service Poviders in Zambia
ISP
Africonnect
BringCom Zambia Limited
Contact information
Lusaka, Telephne +260-1-1232005, email – zm@africonnect.com
Plot No. 3797, Zambia Road, Heavy Industrial Area, P.O. Box 73262,
Ndola. Zambia; Tel - +260-2-650632; email-info@bringcom.zm
Celtel Zambia
Head Office, P.O. Box 320001, Nyerere Road, Woodlands, Lusaka.
Phone: +260-1-250707; email-celtelcd@coppernet.zm
Coppernet Solutions Limited
Ground Floor, Mukuba Pensions House, Dedan Kimathi Road, P.O.
Box 38671, Lusaka. Tel - +260-1-224444/ +260-1-223333
Epochal Digital Technologies
Not available
Microlink Technologies
P.O. Box 35681, Building II, Central Park, Cairo Road, Lusaka. Tel:
+260-1-222764; email:
MTN Zambia
MTN Zambia Limited, 5033 Longolongo Road, P.O. Box 35464,
Lusaka. Tel: +26 (096) 750750, email: mtn@mtnzambia.co.zm
Post Link Limited
Not available
Quick Edge
Plot 1502, House No. 23, P.O. Box 30248, Mwalule Road,
Northmead, Lusaka. Tel: +26097770572; email:
marten@quickedge.com
Realtime Zambia
Not available
UUNet Zambia
UUNet Zambia Limited, 3rd Floor, National Savings and Credit Bank
Building, Cairo Road, North End, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1223715/223716; email: info@uunet.co.zm
ZAMNET Communications
P.O. Box 38299, COMESA Centre, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1Systems Limited
224159/227430
ZAMTEL
The Manager, Zamtel Online, email: manager@zamtel.zm, Tel: +2601-254242
Pronet Zambia Limited
P.O. Box 30639, Lusaka. Tel: +260-1-228969.
Source:
(http://www.caz.zm/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=58&Itemid=72).
Accessed 30th September 2007.
Notable among these are Zamnet, the pioneer in this business, UUNET, Coppernet,
Microlink Technologies and Zamtel. Private data networks also do exist especially in the
banking sector. There were only 231,000 Internet users in Zambia by 2005 according to
74
the World Internet Usage and Population Statistics, an indication of a meagre 2% of the
population.
Table 33. Licenses issued in various categories
Service Category
No. of Licenses
31/03/04
National Long Distance
1
Basic Services (Local)
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
6
Private Networks
16
Carriers of Carriers
2
National Mobile
3
Public Call Offices (PCO)
1
Telecentres
459
Source: The Communications Authority, 2005
No. of Licenses
31/03/05
1
2
9
16
4
3
3
500
Table 34. World Internet Usage and Population Statistics
World Regions
Population
( 2007 Est.)
Population
% of World
Internet Usage,
Latest Data
% Population
( Penetration )
Usage
% of
World
Usage
Growth
20002007
933,448,292
14.2 %
33,334,800
3.6 %
3.0 %
638.4%
3,712,527,624
56.5 %
398,709,065
10.7 %
35.8 %
248.8%
Europe
809,624,686
12.3 %
314,792,225
38.9 %
28.3%
199.5 %
Middle East
193,452,727
2.9 %
19,424,700
10.0 %
1.7 %
491.4 %
North America
334,538,018
5.1 %
233,188,086
69.7 %
20.9%
115.7 %
Latin
America/Caribbean
556,606,627
8.5 %
96,386,009
17.3 %
8.7 %
433.4 %
Oceania / Australia
34,468,443
0.5 %
18,439,541
53.5 %
1.7 %
142.0 %
6,574,666,417
100.0 %
1,114,274,426
16.9 %
100.0 %
208.7 %
Africa
Asia
WORLD TOTAL
Source:
th
URL - http://www.Internetworldstats.com/africa.htm#zm Accessed 26
September 2007
ICT Policy
The Telecommunications Act: Chapter 469 of the Laws of Zambia was promulgated in
May 1994. This led to the establishment of the Communications Authority of Zambia
(CAZ). The draft ICT Policy has been formulated and subjected to a stakeholder
analysis. The ICT Policy was launched on 28th March 2007.
75
Annex 3.
3.1
Profile of institutions
List of all institutions
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU)
AS-F
EX
Name: Coillard Hamusimbi – Liason Officer
TM
Postal Address: P.O. Box 30395, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-222797
Website: http://www.znfu.org.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Coffee Growers Association of Zambia (CGAZ)
AS-F
EX
Name: Mr. J. Taguma – General Manager
TM
Postal Address: P.O. Box 35388, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-213889/213890
Website: http://www.zcga.co.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Tobacco Association of Zambia (TAZ)
AS-F
EX
Name:
PS-M
Postal Address: P.O. Box 32617, Plot 5055, Mungwi Road,
Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-288855
Website: http://goliath.ecnext.com/com2/product-compint-000518271-page.html
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Cotton Growers’ Association of Zambia (CGAZ)
AS-F
EX
Name:
PS-M
Postal Address: P.O. Box 32442, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-226684
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Women in Agriculture (WIA)
AS-W
IN
Name: Cecilia Makota - Initiator
Postal Address: 2nd Floor, FINTEX House, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-258336
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia Agricultural Research and Development (ZARD) NGO
IN
Name: Mrs. Pezo Mateo Phiri – A/Executive Director
RD
Postal Address: Plot 1517, Manchinchi Road, Northmead.
P.O. Box 37386, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-224536
Website: http://www.widnet.org.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Young Men’s Christian Fellowship Association (YMCA) AS-Y
IN
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 81371, Kabwe
Tel: +260-5-221644
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
76
Org: Young Women’s Christian Fellowship Association
AS-Y
IN
(YWCA)
Name: Mubiana Kakenewa – Program Manager
Postal Address: P.O. Box 910245, NAPSA Building. Mongu
Tel: +260-7-221573
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Christian Enterprise Trust of Zambia (CETZ)
CHU
IN
Name:
FS
Postal Address: P.O. Box 21712, Kitwe, Zambia
Tel: +260-2-230581
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZNCB)
BNK
FS
Name:
Postal Address: Head Office
Tel: +260-1-220826
Website: http://zanaco.co.zm/
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia Confederation of Industries and Chamber of
STA
TM
Commerce (ZACCI)
Postal Address: Showgrounds, Great East Road, Lusaka.
Zambia
Tel: +260-1255046
Website: http://zambiz.zm/assoc/zaaci.htm
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Journal for Christian Theology Research (JCTR)
CHU
IN
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 37774, Luwisah House, Lusaka.
Zambia
Tel: +260-1-290410
Website: http://www.jctr.org.zm/
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Churches Health Association of Zambia (CHAZ)
CHU
IN
Name:
RD
Postal Address: Ben Bella Road, Plot 9306, P.O. Box 24511
Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +2601-229204
Website: http://www.chaz.org.zm/
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Lutheran World Federation Zambia (LWF)
CHU
EX
Name: Mr Duane Poppe – Programs Officer
NGO
RU
Postal Address: P.O. Box 310005, Chelston, Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-285173
Website:
http://www.lutheranworld.org/what_We_Do/DWS/Country_Programs/DWSZambia.html
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
77
Org: World Vision International Zambia (WVIZ)
CHU
RD
Name: Dr. Charles Owubah – National Director
NGO
RU
Postal Address: P.O. Box 31083, Lusaka, Zambia
Tel: +260-1-221950
Website: http://www.wvi.org/wvi/country_profile/zambia.htm
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Copperbelt University Libray (CBULIB)
EDU
TR
Name: Gertrude Chelemu – Assistant Librarian
Postal Address: P.O. Box 29612, Jambo Drive. Kitwe.
Tel: +260-2-225155
Website: http://www.cbu.edu/
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Natural Resources Development College (NRDC)
EDU
TR
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box CH 310099, Lusaka. Zambia
Tel: +260-1-283698
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural
GOV
RU
Development (PLARD)
Name: Mr. Mpiya - Coordinator
Postal Address: P.O. Box 710405, Mansa, Zambia
Tel: +260-2-821106
Website: http://www.scanagri.dk/www/underside.asp?id=24&artid=154&version=2
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia College of Agriculture (ZCA) – Monze
EDU
TR
Name: Mr. C. Tonga – Principal
RU
Postal Address: P.O. Box 660053, Monze.
Tel: +260-032-50544
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Women Finance Cooperative Zambia Limited
AS-F
FS
Name:
BNK
IN
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50839. Lusaka. Zambia
RU
Tel: +260-1-221628
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Zambia College of Agriculture (ZCA) – Mpika
EDU
TR
Name: The Principal
RU
Postal Address: P.O. Box 450143. Mpika. Zambia
Tel: +260-04-370764
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Palabana Dairy College (PDC)
EDU
TR
Name: The Principal
RU
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50199. Lusaka
Tel: Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
78
Org: In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
EDU
Name: Mr. Mungule D. Chikoye - Executive Director
STA
Postal Address: P.O. Box 30201, NRDC Campus, Off Great
East Road, Chelstone, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-283694/283695
Website: http://www.istt.ac.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI)
GOV
Name: Dr. Watson Mwale – Director
Postal Address: Mount Makulu Research Station, P/B 7,
Chilanga. Zambia
Tel: +260-1-278130
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Department of Fisheries (DOF)
GOV
Name: Mr. Maguswi – Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 350100, Chilanga. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-278418/
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Department of Veterinary and Livestock Development
GOV
Name: Dr. P. Sinyangwe – Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50197, Mulungushi House. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1- 278212
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: National Artificial Insemination Centre (NAIC)
GOV
Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 670050. Mazabuka. Zambia
Tel: +260-32-30075/30193/30482
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS)
GOV
Name: Mr. Mukelebai – Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50698. Mulungushi House. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-250010
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Department of Agriculture (Extension)
GOV
Name: Mr. L. Kaluba – Principal Agricultural Officer
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50197, Mulungushi House. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-250018
Website:
EX
IN
RD
TR
RU
Role
EX
RD
RU
PP
Role
EX
IN
RD
RG
RU
PP
Role
EX
IN
PP
RG
RD
Role
EX
IN
RU
Role
IN
EX
Role
EX
IN
PP
RU
TR
79
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM)
NGO
Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box
Tel: +260-1-235941/235942
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC)
GOV
Name: James Mwandwe – Principal Agricultural Economist
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50599. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-250508
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Department of Forestry, Ministry of Tourism,
EX
Environment and Natural Resources
Name: Mrs. Anna C. Masinja - Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50042, Second Floor, Kwacha
House Annex, Cairo, Northend. Lusaka.
Tel: Website: http://www.test.co.zm/menr/index.php
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA)
STA
Name: Mr. Vincent Nyirenda – Head of Information Services
Postal Address: Private Bag 1, Kafue Road, Chilanga
Tel: +260-1-278524
Website: http://www.zawa.org.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: National Institute for Scientific and Industrial
GOV
Research (NISIR)
Name: Mr. Benard Chisenga – Principal Scientific Officer
Information Services
Postal Address: P.O. Box 310158. Airport Road. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-281082
Website: http://www.nisir.org.zm
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Agriculture Support Program (ASP)
NGO
Name: Mr. Francis Silwizya – Field Business Coordinator
Postal Address: P.O. Box 410802. Kasama
Tel: +260-04-222755
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Production, Financing and Technology (PROFIT-USAID) NGO
Name: Mainecy Hampeyo – Regional Manager
Postal Address: P.O. Box 910067, C/o Ministry of Agriculture &
Cooperatives, Mongu
Tel: +260-o97-241121
Website: http://www.usaid.gov/zm/economy/eg.htm
Role
EX
RU
Role
EX
IN
PP
RU
Role
GOV
Role
IN
RD
RU
OT
Role
IN
RD
Role
EX
IN
RU
Role
EX
RU
TR
TM
80
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: CARE Zambia
NGO
Name:
Postal Address: Plot No. 10799/10800, Dedan Kimathi Road,
Kamwala. P.O. box 36238. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-221687/221701/221822
Website: http://www.carezambia.org/
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Cooperative League of the United States of America
AS-F
(CLUSA)
BNK
Name:
Postal Address: 19 A Nsumbu Road. Lusaka
Tel:
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART)
OT
Name: Dr. Stephen Muliokela – Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box RW 50834, Lusaka.
Tel: +260-1-213739/213780
Website: http://www.aenf.wau.nl/gart/
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Cotton Development Trust (CDT)
OT
Name: Mr. West Chitah - Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 670057. Mazabuka Tel: +260-032-30683
Website:
Role
IN
RU
Role
EX
IN
Role
EX
IN
RD
RU
Role
EX
IN
RD
RU
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Livestock Development Trust (LDT)
OT
PS-P
Name: Dr. Mwilola Imakando - Director
RD
Postal Address: Private Bag 173, N0. 7 Addis Ababa Road.
TR
Rhodespark. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-251772
Website: http://www.ldt.co.zm/
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: Southern African Plant Genetic Resources Centre
REG
IN
(SADC Genebank)
RD
Name: Mr. Barnabas Kapange – Senior Program Manager
Postal Address: Private Bag CH6, ZA -15302. Lusaka
Tel: +260-099365122
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Role
Org: United States Agency for International Development
REG
IN
(USAID)
FS
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 32481. 351 Independence Avenue,
Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-254303
Website: http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/zambia/
81
Name and Contacts
Org: Department for International Development (DFID)
Name: British High Commission
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50050, 15101, Ridgeway, Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-251164
Website: http://www.dfid.gov.uk/countries/africa/zambia.asp
Name and Contacts
Org: Environmental Council of Zambia (ECZ)
Name: Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 35131, Corner Suez & Church
Roads, Plot No. 6975. Ridgeway. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-254130
Website: http://www.necz.org.zm/contacts.html
Name and Contacts
Org: Communication Authority of Zambia (CAZ)
Name: Ngambo Nankonde – Public Relation Manager
Postal Address:
Tel: +260-1-241236
Website: http://www.caz.zm/
Name and Contacts
Org: Ministry of Transport and Communication (MTC)
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 50065, Failey Road. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-251444
Website: http://www.communication.gov.zm/
Name and Contacts
Org: Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA)
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box
Tel: 260-1-226227
Website: http://www.zra.org.zm/
Name and Contacts
Org: Zambia Export Growers’ Association (ZEGA)
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 310245, Lusaka. 10101
Tel: +260-1-271166
Website: http://www.zambiaexportgrowers.com/
Name and Contacts
Org: Zambia National Broadcasting Cooperation (ZNBC)
Name:
Postal Address: Mass Media Complex, Alick Nkhata Road,
P.O. Box 50015. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-251983
Website: http://www.znbc.co.zm/
Type
REG
Role
IN
FS
Type
STA
Role
IN
PP
RG
Type
STA
Role
IN
Type
GOV
Role
IN
PP
Type
STA
Role
PP
Type
AS-F
Role
EX
PS-E
Type
GOV
Role
IN
82
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA Zambia)
REG
Name:
Postal Address: P.O. Box 32295, Plot 3814, Martin Mwamba
Road, Olympia Park. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-292096
Website: http://www.misazambia.org.zm/
Role
IN
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Radio Mano
PRV
Name: David Chanda - Director
Postal Address: P.O. Box 410577, Kasama
Tel: +260-4-230038
Website: Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Radio Phoenix
PRV
Name: Postal Address: Private Bag E702, 12 th Floor, ZIMCO House,
Cairo Road. Lusaka
Tel: +260-1-224210/2242211
Website: http://www.radiophoenix.co.zm/
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Radio Ichengelo
PRV
Name: Postal Address: Tel: Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: Radio Lyambai
PRV
Name: Liwena Mukena – Station Manager
Postal Address: P.O. Box 910240, NAPSA Building. Mongu
Tel: +260-7-221639
Website:
Name and Contacts
Type
Org: University of Zambia Library
GOV
Name: Mr. Akakandelwa Akakandelwa – A/UNZA Librarian
EDU
Postal Address: Great East Road, P.O. Box 32379. Lusaka
Tel: 260-1-295220/291777
Website: http://www.unza.zm/units/library/
Role
IN
Role
IN
Role
IN
Role
IN
Role
EX
IN
RD
RU
83
Name and Contacts
Org: Radio Breeze 99.6 FM
Name: Postal Address: P.O. Box 511178, Parirenyatwa Rd. Chipata
Tel: +260-6-221175
Website: http://www.breezefm.makeni.net/
Name and Contacts
Org: e-Brain Forum of Zambia (e-Brain)
Name: Mr. Lee Muzala – National Chairperson
Postal Address: The e-Brain Secretariat, Lewis Construction
Building, Plo 4974 Kabelenga Road, P.O.
Box 34162, Lusaka
Tel: +260-211-232036
Website: http://www.ebrain.org.zm/
Name and Contacts
Org: PLAN International Zambia
Name: Mr. Stephen Ngwira – Program Coordinator Livelihood
Postal Address: P.O. Box 510893, Chipata
Tel: +260-6-221287
Website: http://www.planinternational.org/
Type
Role
PRV
IN
Type
NGO
Role
IN
Type
AS-F
AS-W
AS-Y
Role
EX
IN
PP
RD
RU
TR
TM
The following abbreviations are used:
Type
AS-F
AS-W
AS-Y
BNK
CCI
CHU
EDU
GOV
NGO
PRV
REG
STA
TE
OT
Farmers’ association (includes co-ops)
Women’s association
Youth association
Bank or credit institution
Chamber of commerce and industry
Church-based group
Educational institution
Government department / ministry
Non-government organisation
Private enterprise, company
Regional organisation or network
Statutory body
State enterprise
Other (define))
Role
EX
IN
FS
PP
PS-E
PS-M
PS-P
PS-S
Extension and outreach
Information services
Financial services
Policy and planning
Exporter (fresh, frozen and dried produce)
Manufacturer (e.g. tannery, bottler, refiner, roaster)
Producer (e.g. commercial farm, fishing company)
Supplier (e.g. chemicals, seeds)
84
RD
RG
RU
TR
TM
OT
Research and development
Regulation (compliance, standards)
Rural Development
Training (tertiary and vocational level)
Trade and marketing (include development)
Other (define)
85
3.2
Select List of Key Institutions
Name of Institution 1:
Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU)
Objective/mission statement:
Objectives of ZNFU:
•
•
•
To promote and safeguard the interests of members
To support the conduct and the development of the agricultural industry in Zambia
To collect and distribute to members and others, information concerning agriculture and the
marketing of agricultural produce or otherwise considered to be of interest to members
Field of Specialisation:
The ZNFU areas of specialisation is:
•
Lobby and advocacy
•
Information dissemination and extension services
•
Market and trade facilitation
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
•
•
27 professional/technical staff
26 support staff
Branches, other sites:
ZNFU has the following distinct member service units, namely
•
Liaison Unit headed by the Deputy Executive Director
•
Research and Development (R&D), headed by the Economist
•
Publications and Communication units
ZNFU through its Small-Scale Farmers Outreach Programme (SSOP) runs a number of
programmes and projects in 49 District Farmers Associations (DFAs) nationwide.
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 9 billion ( € 1,645,581)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
40% Own resources (funding core activities)
60% Donor funding (mostly outreach activities)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
Zambia National Union (ZNFU) Outreach services’
86
Name of Institution 1:
Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU)
•
ZNFU Local Level Farmers’ Business Development Project
•
ZNFU Support Programme
•
District Farmers’ Association and Information Centre Capacity Building Project
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
Members (small scale farmers, commercial farmers, commodity/specialised association
members
Government
Other stakeholders
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..:
Spore Magazine
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Mostly joint projects with national and regional institutions i.e. Zambia Bureau of Standards (ZBS),
Agriculture Consultative Forum (ACF), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO), Zambia
Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART), Cotton
Development Trust (CDT); Livestock Development Trust (LDT) at local level and International
Federation for Agricultural Producers (IFAP), Southern African Confederation of Agricultural Unions
(SACAU), Common Market for Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern Africa Development
Community (SADC).
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
The ICT Policy for Zambia
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
All the departments in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives provides access to bulletins,
brochures, magazines, booklets, and is a source of various kinds of information on agriculture and
rural development issues. Trusts are also assisting with the provision of information.
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Main information needs for programme:
•
Technical backstopping
•
Support in information collection
Major unmet challenges:
•
Up to date information in books
•
Technical information on all agricultural techniques
Plans for the future:
•
Production of user friendly content
87
Name of Institution 1:
Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU)
•
Development and use of audio video programmes
Resource needs:
•
Computers and network infrastructure
•
Video conferencing facilities
Training needs:
•
Training in effective report writing and communication techniques
•
Training in financial resources for communication equipment for districts + staff training
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Lack of an information strategy for information sharing and dissemination
Why institution selected as a key:
ZNFU has the mandate to support all farmer groups in Zambia for both small-scale or commercial
farmers. The presence of ZNFU at national, district and community level makes it ideal to work with
all stakeholders.
Other observations:
None.
88
Name of Institution 2:
NRDC/ZEGA Training Trust (NZTT)
Objective/mission statement:
The objective of ZEGA are to enable Zambians to produce crops for export that are of consistent
igh quality by promoting the understanding and application of knowledge improving skills
Field of Specialisation:
Horticulture training
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Professional – 3; Technical – 4; Clerical – 5; General – 63
All permanent staff
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 1,140,000,000 ( € 200,000)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Donor Funding
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Horticulture farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
Spore magazine; aware of CTA activities
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Cost of computer equipment and internet services too high.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
NZTT has staff with specialised skills in horticulture, agricultural extension and human resource
development. The information needs include integrated pest management (IPM) and
participative methodologies. These are met through interaction and collaboration with input
suppliers, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, meetings with beneficiaries, newspapers,
89
Name of Institution 2:
NRDC/ZEGA Training Trust (NZTT)
Internet and Fairs
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Management of information within the organisation is a major challenge. It is difficult to acquire
journal articles and visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Lack of an organised ICM; The institution does not have an information policy or information
strategic plan. The Training Coordinator informally assists to manage information.
Why institution selected as a key:
The institution is involved in training (tertiary and vocational level) and export of fresh/frozen
produce
Other observations:
None
90
Name of Institution 3:
Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD)
Objective/mission statement:
To contribute to the development and advancement of the status of women in relation to men,
through the production of evidence-based information, alternative approaches to development,
capacity building of communities and coalition with like-minded organisations locally and
internationally.
Field of Specialisation:
1. Governance and institutional development –GID
• Membership administration and deve;opment
• Systems and policy review
• Resource mobilisation
2. Action Research and Advocacy - ARA
• Gender and ICTs
• Research Methodologies for gender and development
• Policy advocacy
3. Information and Coalition Building - ICB
• Information packaging and exchange
• GAD Resource Centre – Joint activities/coalition building/partnership development
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Volunteers – 1
Part-time - 1
Full time – 8
Key skills include: research (qualitative and quantitative); information technology/management;
financial management
Branches, other sites:
Monze - Agriculture
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Not Known
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Non-governmental Organisation Coordination Committees (NGOCC)
International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD)
91
Name of Institution 3:
Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Women’s Information for Development Network (WIDNET)
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Women’s movement in Zambia; Civil Society organisations; individual women and girls
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
Spore Magazine
CTA publications
ZARD has participated in the ICT Observatory
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Women for Change (WfC)
Forum for Women Educationalist Zambia Chapter
Zambia Alliance for Women
Society for Women and AIDS in Zambia
Zambia National Women’s Lobby
Women United Nations Report Network
The type of collaboration with all above-mentioned institutions is information exchange
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Benefited from government tax reduction on purchase of computers
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
ZARD’s information needs are:
• Gender issues
• Government and international regulations
• Development and funding programmes
• Training needs
• Management of information within the organisation
• Editing of reports
• Participative methodologies
The above-mentioned information needs are met by various sources including the following:
• CTA – Bulletins and Booklets
• University of Zambia Research Reports/Papers
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
92
Name of Institution 3:
Zambia Agriculture Research and Development (ZARD)
• International Research Institutes
o Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United nations (FAO)
o International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI)
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
Electronic journals
Abstracts
Materials in appropriate languages
Visual/pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Complete digitisation of the information centre
Why institution selected as a key:
The institution is advancing the status of women and very strong in the application, training and
provision of ICTs to its clientele.
Other observations:
None.
93
Name of Institution 4:
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)
Objective/mission statement:
To see a society where men and women live together in harmony free from gender
discrimination
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
Women human rights programme
– drop in centre
– advocacy activities in policy changes that can favour women, children and the
youth
Economic empowerment programme – small loans, agricultural implements
Reproductive health programme – HIV/AIDS, etc.
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Volunteers – 10
Full time – 7
Specialised skills include social work, project management, accounts
Branches, other sites:
Departments within YWCA:
• Administration
• Drop in Centre
• Resource Centre
• Economic Empowerment – Microcredit
Branches are in Lusaka, Mongu, Kitwe
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 171,000,000 ( € 30,000 )
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
•
Oxfarm
PACT – Zambia
YWCA headquarters
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Women, children and adolescents
94
Name of Institution 4:
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
Question & Answer Service (Q&A)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
YWCA collaborates with the following institutions:
• Netherlands Development Organisation (SNV)
• Oxfarm
• Pact – Zambia
• Zambia National AIDS Network
• Government
• International HIV Alliance
• Association of Microfinancing Institutions in Zambia
The collaboration with ll the above-mentioned institutions is exchange visits, financial resources
and technical advice
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
The time the government slapped the tax on ICTs it helped the institution acquire computers
cheaply
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
•
Advise on how to procure ICTs of good quality
Young People: schools, colleges, scholarships, gender income generation activities,
agriculture information, information on processing, modern methods of farming, marketing,
water and irrigation management, HIV/AIDS information
The above-mentioned information needs are met from various sources including:
Zambia National Aids Network
Pact Zambia
Internet
International Aids Alliance
Public Libraries
Newspapers
Family Health International
Youth Media, Health Communication Partnership (USAID)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
Software copies and corresponding programmes
Hard copies due to cost of text books, books, etc
95
Name of Institution 4:
Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Why institution selected as a key:
YWCA is a non-profit Christian organisation dedicated to the promotion of human rights for the
development of the community especially women and children. The area of interest of the
organisation is the women’s human rights and advocacy programme. This is aimed at enhancing
the quality of life by empowering women emotionally and economically by promoting selfreliance, leadership and self confidence.
Other observations:
None.
96
Name of Institution 5:
Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI)
Objective/mission statement:
To provide appropriate and efficient services to farmers by generating and adapting crop
technologies which will increase and diversify agricultural production.
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Breeding stable and high yielding varieties of both food and cash crops
Breed for resistance and tolerance for pests, diseases and adverse soil conditions
Development of appropriate production packages and technologies for sustained agricultural
production
Plant quarantine and Phytosanitary services
Soil fertility improvement
Farming systems and social sciences
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
•
•
•
•
Professional staff
Technical staff
Administration
Support Staff
–
–
–
–
105
102
44
304
All staff are on permanent establishment
Branches, other sites:
ZARI has the following divisions:
• Crop Improvement and Agronomy
• Plant Protection and Quarantine
• Soils and Water Management
• Farming Systems and Social Sciences
• Agro-ecological Zone I&II
• Agro-ecological Zone III
ZARI has ten research stations across the country namely: Nanga and Mochipapa in Agroecological zone I, Msekera, Mount Makulu, Kabwe and Mongu-Simulumbe in Agro-ecological
zone II and Misamfu, Mutanda, Mansa and Mufulira in Agro-ecological zone III
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 14 billion (€ 2.6 million)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
• Government funding – 96%
• Collaborating partners (donors) – 4 %
97
Name of Institution 5:
Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
•
Development of an Effective Information Flow Network for ZARI
Development of a Pest List Database
Strengthening the capacity of PQPS in information management
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
•
•
Small-scale farmers
Commercial farmers
Community based organisations
Schools, colleges and Universities
International institutions
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
•
•
•
Spore magazine
CTA publications
DORA (distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture)
SDI
CD-ROM/Database subscriptions
ZARI has participated in:
CTA Annual Seminars
Co-seminars
CTA training programmes
•
•
•
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
ZARI collaborates with:
• Colleges and universities both local and abroad – e.g. NRDC, UNZA, Michigan State
University, North Carolina State University
• International institutions (including the CGIAR) – e.g. FAO, CIMMYT, CIAT, IRRI, IFPRI,
IICD, IAEA, IRDC
• Local institutions – e.g. Food Security Research Project, Agriculture Consultative Forum, eBrain Forum of Zambia
ZARI collaborates with the above-mentioned institutions through joint projects, information
exchange, training, seminars, exchange of germplasm, etc.
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
Lack of ICT/ICM policy within ZARI has resulted in the institution spending too much money
on equipment and sometimes purchase of sub-standard equipment
98
Name of Institution 5:
Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI)
• At national level the ICT Policy has been launched. However, there is a high cost of internet
service provision in Zambia.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Information needs currently met include:
• Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Trade fairs
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
• Technical information
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
o Packaging
o Equipment sourcing
o Integrated pest management
• Economic information
o Commodity profiles
• Training needs
o Application of communication technologies in research services
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• CTA
• University of Zambia
• International research institutions – e.g. CIAT, IITA
• Zambia national Farmers Union
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• University research papers
• Newspapers
Electronic Media/AV:
• Internet
• Agricultural research electronic networks
99
Name of Institution 5:
Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI)
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
•
Journal articles especially from within Africa
Briefs/summaries
Material suitable for mass distribution
Material in appropriate/local languages
Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
•
Lack of funding
Inadequate staff with skills in ICM
Access to information
Researchers have a culture of not sharing information
Why institution selected as a key:
The Zambia Agriculture Research Institute is guided by legislation covering pests and diseases,
the cotton industry, noxious weeds and agricultural products. It is mandated to conduct crops,
plant protection, soils and farming systems research in Zambia.
Other observations:
None.
100
Name of Institution 6:
Department of Fisheries (DOF)
Objective/mission statement:
Promoting sustainable utilization of fisheries resources in Zambia. The objective is achieved by
employing responsive research, extension strategies, training programmes and promoting
public/private partnerships at all levels of development and management of the fisheries sector.
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
•
Fisheries capture research
Aquaculture research
Capture extension
Aquaculture extension
Training
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
-Branches, other sites:
The Department of Fisheries has the following divisions:
• Fisheries capture research
• National Aquaculture Research and Development
• Fishing Craft
• Data centre
• Fisheries Extension
• Fish Culture
• Fisheries Training
The Department of Fisheries has the following branches:
• Central Fisheries Research Institute – Chilanga
• National Aquaculture Research and Development Centre – Mwekera (Kitwe)
• Fisheries Research Units – Kariba, Kafue, Itezhitezhi, Mpulungu, Samfya, Nchelenge,
Kaputa and Lochnver
• Fish Farms – Chilanga, Chipata, Fyongoli, Nchelenge, Serenje, Chalala, kaoma, Kachele
(Choma), Mwekera, Katete and Chadiza
• Extension District - all provincial centres and districts
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 26 billion (€ 4.56 million )
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Government Republic of Zambia
101
Name of Institution 6:
Department of Fisheries (DOF)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
FAO project – on Lake Tanganyika – fisheries core management and data collection
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fishers
Fish farmers
Fish processors
Fish traders
Boat builders
Net manufacturers
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
-Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
National level
• University of Zambia – sharing laboratories, joint research programmes
• Other departments in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives – exchange of information
Regional level:Lake Kariba Research Institute and African Wildlife Foundation – on Lake Kariba with
Zimbabwe – fisheries core management and data collection
• FAO project – on Lake Tanganyika – fisheries core management and data collection
•
International level:• University of Bergen (Norway) – building capacity in staff
• Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) – reaching farmers and research
collaboration; infrastructure strengthening (rehabilitation)
• Peace Corps – fish culture extension services
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
•
Lack of ICT National Policy has had an effect on the sharing of information
Access to information is difficult
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
Information needs currently met include:
• Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
102
Name of Institution 6:
Department of Fisheries (DOF)
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
• Technical information
o Grading systems
o Post-harvest technology
o Packaging
o Equipment sourcing/availability
o Transportation (sea, land, air)
o Waste utilization
• Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market data
o Identification of markets
• Training needs
o Application of communication technologies in extension services
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• CTA
• University of Zambia
• Southern African Development Community (SADC)
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Agriculture development banks
• Input suppliers
Publications:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Personal collection
• Newspapers
Other sources:
Fairs and exhibitions
colleagues
•
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
•
Journal articles especially from within Africa
Briefs/summaries
Material suitable for mass distribution
Material in appropriate/local languages
Visual or pictorial information
103
Name of Institution 6:
Department of Fisheries (DOF)
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
Staffing levels in terms of numbers and skills
Budgetary constraints
Accessing information
Why institution selected as a key:
The department of fisheries is mandated to carry out fisheries research and development as well
as extension services in Zambia. These include establishment of hatcheries, establishment of
data centre, research and development in integrated irrigation-aquaculture, duck/pig husbandry
cum fish production, composting, pond dynamics, fertility and fish feed formulation.
Other observations:
None.
104
Name of Institution 7:
In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
Objective/mission statement:
To provide quality capacity building programmes to its clientele engaged in sustainable
development, through the application of innovative and participatory life long learning
approaches
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agriculture
Agri-business
Food security
Natural resource management
Education
Small and medium scale enterprises
Informal sector
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
•
•
•
Professional staff – 6 (permanent)
Support staff – 14 (permanent)
Associate trainers – 20 (part-time)
Specialised skills of both professional and support staff include:
• Agriculture
• Entrepreneurship
• Human resource management
• Natural resource management
• Training materials development
• Management of training programmes
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 4 billion (€ 800,000)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Self-financing (from running training courses, facilitation of workshops, consultancy, hiring out
training, hostel and restaurant facilities)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
--
105
Name of Institution 7:
In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
•
•
Frontline extension staff to middle legal managers in government
Managers of NGOs and CBOs
Farmers
Community members
Small and medium scale entrepreneurs
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
•
•
•
•
Spore magazine
CTA publications
DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture)
SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information. Lists of abstracts and bibliographies are sent to
recipients on the basis of the topics selected by researchers, scientists and policy-makers)
CD-ROM / Database subscriptions
Question and Answer Service (QAS)
ISTT has participated in:
• CTA Annual Seminars (international meetings on key topics of interest e.g. soil fertility, food
security)
• Co-seminars (i.e. co-sponsored by CTA with other agencies such as IICA, FAO, etc.)
• ICT Observatory (Four day workshop to examine the impact of ICTs in relation to other key
issues such as youth, extension and gender)
• CTA training programmes or non-CTA training programmes
• Seminar support Programme
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Local institutions:
• Directorate of Distance Education – UNZA – joint training courses and sharing of information
• Zambia College of Agriculture – Monze - joint training courses and sharing of information
• Katete Centre for Agricultural Marketing - joint training courses and sharing of information
• Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Authority - joint training
courses and sharing of information
• National Office – FAO - joint training courses and sharing of information
International institutions:
• Commonwealth of Learning – joint training courses and sharing of information
• European Distance and E-Learning Network (EDEN) – sharing of information
• MS – Training Centre for Development Cooperation – joint training courses and sharing of
information
• Minerals and Environmental Education Training Institute – joint training courses
106
Name of Institution 7:
In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
• Danish Agricultural Advisory Services – sharing information
• GRM International – joint projects
• Lesotho Cooperative College - joint training courses and sharing of information
• Malawi College of Fisheries - joint training courses and sharing of information
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
o Other – Entrepreneurship
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
o Packaging
o Equipment sourcing
o Integrated pest management
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market information
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
o Other – Export market promotion
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
o Other – How to conduct post training assessments; development of open and
distance learning training materials
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
107
Name of Institution 7:
In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
• CTA
• University of Zambia
• ASRECA, RAIN, SADC
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Regional research institutions - ANAFE
• International research institutions – IITA, World Agroforestry centre
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
• Other – FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC, NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning
Publications:
CTA booklets/bulletins
University research papers
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Newspapers
Personal collections
•
•
•
•
•
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
TV programmes
Video presentations
Posters
Internet
Agricultural research electronic networks
Other – Mobile phones
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
• Colleagues
• Agribusiness consultants
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
•
Journal articles
Briefs/summaries
Abstracts
Material in appropriate/local languages
Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
Having to outsource individuals to handle ICTs – get internships
108
Name of Institution 7:
In-Service Training Trust (ISTT)
• High cost of Internet connectivity
• When the Internet is down response from ISP is usually slow
Why institution selected as a key:
The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives partnered with its stakeholders to set up the Inservice Training Trust as an innovative tool for service delivery. ISTT is a training institution
providing market driven in-service training programmes to support the agricultural,
environmental, eco-tourism, social and small business and industrial sectors in the SADCregion. It is a self-sustaining and independent institution operating as a Trust registered under
the Land Act Cap. 288 of the Laws of Zambia.
Other observations:
None.
109
Name of Institution 8:
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
Objective/mission statement:
A Research and Development institution committed to developing and providing scientific and
technological innovations to contribute to sustainable socio-economic development of the
country.
Field of Specialisation:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
Biotechnology
Livestock productivity and disease control
Sustainable use of underutilised genetic resources
Post-harvest Food Processing and Nutrition
Water Energy and Environment
Nuclear energy applications and analytical services
Materials, engineering and technical services
Information services
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
125 total of which 50 are professional staff
Branches, other sites:
NISIR has the following departments/divisions:
•
Technical Services
•
Information Services
•
Water Resources
•
Building and industrial
•
Food Sciences
•
Livestock and Pests
•
Tree Improvement
•
Biotechnology
•
Administration and Finance
Branches are in Lusaka (HQ), Chilanga and Kitwe
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 7 billion (€ 1.23 million)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
(i)
(ii)
Government of Zambia
International Atomic Energy Agency
Programme/Projects undertaken:
--
110
Name of Institution 8:
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
•
Documentation of Scientific Information in Zambia
•
Abstracts to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Nation wide
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
•
Spore magazine
CTA publications
Question and Answer Service (QAS)
NISIR has participated in:
• Co-seminars (i.e. co-sponsored by CTA with other agencies such as IICA, FAO, etc.)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) – United Nations Agency
All research institutions in Zambia
Collaboration is in research and information
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
•
•
•
The institution is tax exempt
Development plans lack of it
Cash Budgets – prevents purchase of equipment
Recruitment of staff entirely done by government
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
•
Technical information
o Biotechnology information
o Grading systems
111
Name of Institution 8:
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
o Post-harvest technology
o Integrated pest management
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
CTA
University of Zambia and Copperbelt University
IAEA
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
Commodity/farmer associations
Meetings with beneficiaries
Input suppliers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• NISIR Abstracts
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV:
• Radio programmes
• TV programmes
• Video presentations
• Posters
• Internet
• Agricultural research electronic networks
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
• Research generates new knowledge
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
Journal articles
Briefs/summaries
Abstracts
Material in appropriate/local languages
112
Name of Institution 8:
National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR)
• Visual or pictorial information
• Both hard and soft copies
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
Funding
•
Staffing – few staff not optimal e.g. staffing at Kitwe Library
•
Why institution selected as a key:
The National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (NISIR) is Zambian Governmentfunded statutory research organization. It undertakes research and development activities in
various areas, including agriculture, natural resources and products, environment and water
resources, minerals and industrial raw materials, peaceful application of nuclear science and
technology, electrical and electronic power conditioning and protection, textile testing and
services, information and communications technology and the information system.
Other observations:
None.
113
Name of Institution 9:
Radio Lymbai
Objective/mission statement:
Dissemination of information to the public (i.e. Western Province) as a development tool
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agriculture programmes
Women awareness programmes
Police and the community
Marriage
Business promotions and community announcements
Sports
Healthy living and health tips
Christian programmes
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
9 Journalists
1 Office Assistant (Cleaner)
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 180,000,000 (€ 31,600)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
•
CHAZ
Celtel Zambia Limited
Advertisements (minimal charges)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
There is a programme on ICTs on Community Radio every once in a while targeted at all
age groups, school children, etc.
Participated in the preparation of National ICT Policy in Lusaka at Mumana Motel
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
Youth
Middle-aged
Adults
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
114
Name of Institution 9:
Radio Lymbai
•
CTA publications
Radio Lyambai has participated in:
CTA training programmes or non-CTA training programmes
•
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
National Agriculture Information Services (NAIS)
Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Nature of collaboration is exchange of information and provision of mini-disc recorders,
respectively
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Impacted Radio Lyambai positively because the policy has allowed the Zambia National
Broadcasting Cooperation (ZNBC) News to be aired on Radio Lyambai
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social and economic development issues
o Gender issues
o Agricultural Shows
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
o Other – Healthy issues, e.g. HIV and AIDS
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market information
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
115
Name of Institution 9:
Radio Lymbai
• CTA
• University of Zambia
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
Agricultural related websites on the Internet
•
•
Other sources:
• Agricultural Shows
• Experts in the community
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Soft copies are very difficult to acquire
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of a effective production studio
Lack of recording equipment
Transport problems
No standby generator since there are frequent power cuts
Lack of ICM/ICT skills
Why institution selected as a key:
The institution is mandated to promote sharing and exchange of information in the Western
Province
Other observations:
This is a representative community radio station outside of the capital city, Lusaka
116
Name of Institution 10:
Radio Mano
Objective/mission statement:
Radio Mano is a community based radio station providing education, entertainement on spiritual,
social-cultural and development issues. This is achieved through community demand-driven
programmes including news, infomercials and music in order to have timely and
appropriate/relevant information.
Field of Specialisation:
Programme production and presentation with the hep of subject matter specialists in various
fields
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
7 Full time staff
15 Volunteers
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 450,000,000 (€ 7,600)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
•
•
Sponsored programmes
Grants and donations
Announcements
Advertisements
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
Urban and rural youth
Women and men within a radius of 150 km of Kasama and surrounding areas
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
None
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
Media Institute of Southern Africa
117
Name of Institution 10:
Radio Mano
•
Zambia Community Media Forum
Nature of collaboration is information exchange
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
High costs for ICT materials
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
•
Technical information
o Research and Development
o Regulation and compliance
•
Economic information
o Policy and planning
o Information services
o Financial services
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Women associations
• Input suppliers
• Other – Educational institutions
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• University research papers
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
118
Name of Institution 10:
Radio Mano
Electronic Media/AV:
• Radio programmes
• Video presentations
• Posters
• Internet
Other sources:
Agricultural shows
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
Briefings
Material suitable for mass distribution
Material in appropriate languages
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
Lack of computers
Access to the Internet
Capacity of Technician to maintain and repair computers and other equipment
Why institution selected as a key:
The institution is mandated to promote sharing and exchange of information in the Northern
Province
Other observations:
None.
119
Name of Institution 11:
Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC)
Objective/mission statement:
To enhance market transparency in support of price arbitrage process and increased integration
of markets by providing timely and accurate marketing information
Field of Specialisation:
Agricultural information documentation
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
5 Full time with specialised skills in computers and statistics
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 216 million (€ 37,900)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Government of Zambia
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Traders
Millers
NGOs
Donors
Government
Farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
None
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
National :•
Food Security Research Program (FSRP)
•
Zambia National Farmers’ Union (ZNFU)
•
Agriculture Support Programme (ASP)
120
Name of Institution 11:
Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC)
Regional: •
COMMESA
•
Mozambique Information System
International:•
Michigan State University (MSU)
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
The impact is minimal as there has been NOT much emphasis attached to ICT
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Conference and meetings
o Trade fairs
o Available agricultural/development networks
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Transportation (sea, land, air)
•
Economic information
o Market data
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
•
Training needs
o Application of communication technologies in extension services
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing report
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• University of Zambia
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
121
Name of Institution 11:
Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC)
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV:
• Radio programmes
• TV programmes
• Posters
• Internet
• Other - Mobile phones
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
• Colleagues
• Agribusiness consultants
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
Journal articles
Abstracts
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
Equipment
•
Transport
•
Why institution selected as a key:
The Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (AMIC) was created in the early 1990s following
the demise of the national agricultural marketing board and price controls on agricultural inputs,
produce and other commodities. AMIC provides accurate and timely market information for
private sector farmers, producers, manufacturers and traders. AMIC staff collects information on
the prices of farm inputs and produce, via fax, phones, physical delivery by road and email. The
data are then processed and analyzed to identify market trends, and disseminated by radio, TV
and printed bulletins.
Other observations:
None.
122
Name of Institution 12:
Livestock Development Trust (LDT)
Objective/mission statement:
Livestock Development Trust (LDT) is a private and public sector partnership that seeks to
promote environmentally friendly livestock development initiatives for all livestock farmers in an
gender-sensitive and participatory manner. It seeks to attain profitable livestock led farming
systems that improve productivity and add value to production through transfer of skills,
information and technology and improving credit and market access.
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
Short and long-term courses offered to small-scale farmers and school leavers
Breeding of various livestock
Applied research
Manufacturing of equipment used with draft animals as well as supply and train farmers
with draft animals
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Total of 166 staff comprising:
•
Production – 27
•
Technical – 45
•
Administration – 23
•
Support staff - 71
Branches, other sites:
Palabana Dairy Training Institute, Keembe Piggery, Mochipapa Research Station, Harmony
Farm and Misamfu Hatchery
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 4.56 billion (€ 800,000)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Donor funding
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
•
Setting up of VSAT at Palabana
Setting up of LAN at Head Office
One day training in Introduction to VSATs
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
Small-scale farmers
123
Name of Institution 12:
Livestock Development Trust (LDT)
•
School leavers
•
Farmers and processors
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
None
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
•
•
PTC+
Land O’ Lakes
ZATAC
Agriculture Support Programme (ASP)
Type of collaboration:•
Partnership in training – Lecturers go for short and long term courses to the Netherlands
and LDT and PTC+ carry out regional trainings (together) for various small-scale farmers
•
Farmer information exchange
•
Assist farmers in restocking of livestock and give farmers dairy cows on loan basis
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
LDT has benefited from tax exemptions on te importation of equipment. When equipment was
purchased for the installation of the LAN in Palabana it was exempted.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Equipment sourcing
•
Economic information
o Market information
o Identification of markets
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
Sources of information include the following:
124
Name of Institution 12:
Livestock Development Trust (LDT)
Organisations:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
• Other – Land O’ Lakes
Publications:
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Newspapers
Personal collections
•
•
•
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
TV programmes
Video presentations
Posters
Internet
Agricultural research electronic networks
•
•
•
•
•
•
Other sources:
Fairs and exhibitions
Colleagues
•
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
Material suitable for mass distribution
Material in appropriate languages
Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
Limited resources for publicity or involvement in programme
Internet facilities lacking
Lack of participation in workshops related to ICM
Why institution selected as a key:
The LDT was setup in October 2002 and is a private and public sector partnership that seeks to
promote environmentally friendly livestock development initiatives for all livestock farmers in a
gender-sensitive and participatory manner. It seeks to attain profitable livestock-led farming
systems that improve productivity and add value to production through transfer of skills,
information and technology, and improving credit and market access.
Other observations:
None.
125
Name of Institution 13:
Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA)
Objective/mission statement:
To contribute to the preservation of Zambia’s natural heritage, ecosystem and biological diversity
for present and future generations trough the careful conservation of Zambia’s wildlife.
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
Wildlife law enforcement programmes
Research, planning and information
Community-based natural resource management programmes
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Total is 1,400 staff
With key skills in the following:•
Wildlife management
•
Financial management
•
Information management
•
Investigations and intelligent
•
Legal services
•
Community services
Branches, other sites:
Northern Region: Kasama
Central Region: Mazabuka
Western Region: Mumbwa
Eastern Region: Mfuwe
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 33 billion ( € 5.79 million)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Internal funding
Government grant
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
•
Developed databases
Training one candidate for MSc
Developed an ICT Policy
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
126
Name of Institution 13:
Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA)
•
Communities
•
Tourists
•
Tour operators
•
Community resource boards
•
Associations, e.g. Lower Zambezi Tourism Associations
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
None
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
•
•
•
•
•
University of Zambia
University of Pretoria and Wageningen
Ministry of Agriculture
Cooperating partners
Foundations, e.g. AWF, Conservation International
Type of collaboration include: information exchange, capacity building joint projects
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Has resulted in the increased use of the technology
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
•
Technical information
o Integrated pest management
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
o Other – How to conduct post training assessments; development of open and
distance learning training materials
Sources of information include the following:
127
Name of Institution 13:
Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA)
Organisations:
• University of Zambia
• Farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Personal collection and publications
• Input suppliers
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
TV programmes
Video presentations
Posters
Internet
•
•
•
•
•
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
• Colleagues
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Subscription to international journals due to budgetary constraints
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
•
Financial
Logistics
Staffing
Old equipment
Why institution selected as a key:
Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) has presence and mandate for more that 32% of Zambia and
responsible for resources of more than 70% of what is protected. ZAWA is governed by the
Zambia Wildlife Act, No. 12 of 1998 and has its own Board of Directors. One of the objectives of
ZAWA is to improve the quality of the life among communities in wildlife estates and
maintenance of sustainable biodiversity in national parks and game management areas.
128
Name of Institution 13:
Zambia Wild Life Authority (ZAWA)
Other observations:
ZAWA has so far developed and implemented an ICT Policy
129
Name of Institution 14:
Production , Financing and Technology (PROFIT)
Objective/mission statement:
Assist in development of private sector and contribute to economic development. Reduce
poverty among small-scale farmers.
Field of Specialisation:
Animal production, by preventing diseases through veterinary i.e. facilitating the whole process
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
3 Project staff with specialised skills in animal health veterinary
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 16,800,000 (€ 2,937)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
Small-holder farmers
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
None
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Private Veterinary Service Providers – FREMAG
Type of collaboration include: provision of information and services
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Government stopped providing veterinary services and farmers lost their animals because they
could not access the information they needed on veterinary and animal production.
130
Name of Institution 14:
Production , Financing and Technology (PROFIT)
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Social development issues
o Development and funding programmes
•
Technical information
o Livestock production
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
Farmer associations
Local Veterinary Services
Input suppliers
•
•
•
Publications:
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
•
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
TV programmes
•
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Hard copies and soft copies i.e. veterinary department cannot provide books or handouts
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
Training/Education
Why institution selected as a key:
The institution promotes rural development through provision of information and services to the
farmers.
Other observations:
None.
131
Name of Institution 15:
University of Zambia (UNZA) Library
Objective/mission statement:
To support study, teaching and research by providing appropriate information in all fields
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Agricultural sciences
Engineering (mining, civil, mechanical, electrical, etc)
Humanities and social sciences
Education
Human Medicine and veterinary medicine
Law
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Total number 65
Specialised skills in:
•
ICTs, e.g. web designing, Internet searching, information literacy etc.
•
Abstracting and indexing
•
Cataloguing (bibliographic control)
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Not Known
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Government
Cooperating partners
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information (PERI)
International Network for the Advancement of Scientific Publications (INASP)
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
Students, researchers, academicians, government workers and the general public
UNZA Library
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
--
132
Name of Institution 15:
University of Zambia (UNZA) Library
• Spore magazine
• CTA publications
• DORA (Distribution of Reference Books on Agriculture)
• SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information. Lists of abstracts and bibliographies are sent to
recipients on the basis of the topics selected by researchers, scientists and policy-makers)
• CD-ROM / Database subscriptions
• Question and Answer Service (QAS)
UNZALIB has participated in:
CTA Annual Seminars (international meetings on key topics of interest e.g. soil fertility, food
security)
•
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Local institutions:
•
Government ministries
•
Parliament
•
Colleges and other research institutions in the country
•
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
International institutions:
•
The World Bank
•
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)
•
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
•
World Health Organiosation (WHO)
•
International Network for the Advancement of Scientific Publications (INASP)
Nature of collaboration – information exchange and joint subscriptions to electronic journals
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
•
The government has just introduced an ICT Policy which is yet to be implemented
Lack of ICT Policy has for a long time been the hindrance to the development of ICTs - it
has affected ICT development in such areas as training, copyright acquisition and
monitoring of hardware and software, provision and development of content on the web.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations with regard to ICTs
o Conference and meetings
o Availability of ICT development and funding programmes
o Available database management software
133
Name of Institution 15:
University of Zambia (UNZA) Library
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Post-harvest technology
o Integrated pest management
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market information
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Availability of training opportunities including workshops, conferences and seminars
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• CTA
• ASRECA, RAIN, SADC
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Regional research institutions - ANAFE
• International research institutions – IITA, World Agroforestry centre
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
Publications:
CTA booklets/bulletins
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Newspapers
Personal collections
•
•
•
•
Electronic Media/AV:
Posters
Internet
Agricultural research electronic networks
•
•
•
Other sources:
Fairs, exhibitions and agricultural shows
•
134
Name of Institution 15:
University of Zambia (UNZA) Library
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Journal articles
Briefs/summaries
Abstracts
Material in appropriate/local languages
Materials suitable for mass distribution
Visual or pictorial information
Reports, statistical data, etc.
Why institution selected as a key:
The core business is to provide information for research, study and teaching to students,
researchers and general public. UNZAL Library is a depository of the United Nations
Organisation, World Bank and IMF
Other observations:
None.
135
Name of Institution 16:
PLAN Zambia
Objective/mission statement:
PLAN strives to achieve everlasting improvements in quality of life of deprived children in
developing countries through a process that unites people across cultures and add meaning and
value to their lives.
Field of Specialisation:
•
•
•
•
Livelihood
Health
Learning (education)
Community empowerment
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Total number of staff is 25
Specialised skilled staff are 22
Branches, other sites:
Chibombo, Mazabuka and Mansa Districts
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Not known
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Sponsorship
Grants
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
Resource mobilization
•
Dissemination of information through newsletters
•
Regular updates on information technology
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
Children and their communities
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
Spore magazine
136
Name of Institution 16:
PLAN Zambia
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Local institutions:
•
Government ministries
•
Colleges and other research institutions in the country
•
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
International institutions:
•
CIAT
•
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)
•
ICRAF
•
ICRISAT
Nature of collaboration:
Joint projects
Technical support
Backstopping
Sharing information through exchange visits
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
Collaborating partners and government share publications whose benefits go down to the
beneficiaries at grass roots level.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Non-farm livelihoods (alternative to rain-fed agriculture)
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
•
Economic information
o Market information
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
•
Training needs
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Regional research institutions - CIAT
• International research institutions – ICRISAT
Publications:
CTA booklets/bulletins
•
137
Name of Institution 16:
PLAN Zambia
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Other sources:
Agricultural shows
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Credit/micro credit
Integrated Pest Management
Commodity profiles
Crop insurance systems
Material in appropriate/local languages
Materials suitable for mass distribution
Visual or pictorial information
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Though PLAN does a lot in the field of development there is less publicity at provincial and
national level. There is need for more information sharing
Why institution selected as a key:
PLAN is the institution with a mandate to look at the plight of deprived children in Zambia. PLAN
works to achieve lasting improvements for children living in poverty, through a process that
unites people across cultures and adds meaning and value to their lives. Plan works with
children, their families, communities, organizations and local governments to implement
programs at grassroots level in health, education, water and sanitation, income generation and
cross-cultural communication.
Other observations:
None.
138
Name of Institution 17:
Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD)
Objective/mission statement:
To contribute to the development of an efficient, competitive and sustainable agricultural and
rural sector, which ensures increased income and food security for the people of Luapula
Province?
Field of Specialisation:
Agriculture
Fisheries and fish farming
Agribusiness development
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Professionals - 6
Technical staff – 0
Support staff – 5
Specialised skills in agriculture, fisheries management, natural resources management,
economics, monitoring and evaluation
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
ZMK 58.86 billion ( € 10,327,000)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Government of Finland (Approximately 95%)
Government of Zambia (Approximately 5%)
Programme/Projects undertaken:
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Farmers
Fishers
Traders and marketers
Local government and provincial authorities
Government departments
NGOs, CBOs, projects, churches
Means of contact include:
•
Meetings, workshops
139
Name of Institution 17:
Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD)
•
Brochures
•
Government extension
•
Also possibility of radio programs
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
NONE
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
Project just started
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
ICT policy only enacted in 2006
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Non-farm livelihoods
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
o Other – Entrepreneurship
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
o Packaging
o Integrated pest management
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market information
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
140
Name of Institution 17:
Programme for Luapula Agricultural and Rural Development (PLARD)
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• Consultants
• Internet
• Central Statistics Office
Electronic Media/AV:
Internet
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Main information needs for programme:
•
Technical information on crop production, integrated pest management, fish farming
Plans for the future:
•
Development of databases
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
Though the programme is relatively new a major problem is lack of capacity to develop
audio and visual materials
Why institution selected as a key:
PLAARD is a programme responsible for the development of an efficient, competitive and
sustainable agricultural and rural sector in the Luapula Province of Zambia.
Other observations:
None.
141
Name of Institution 18:
Department of Agriculture (Extension)
Objective/mission statement:
To facilitate and support the development of a sustainable and viable agricultural sector in order
to ensure food security and income generation at household and national levels and maximise
the sectors’ contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Field of Specialisation:
The Department of Agriculture (DA) specialises in extension delivery
Departments within DA:
•
Agricultural extension
•
Policy and planning
•
Agri-business and cooperatives
There is no specific department responsible for information technology support
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Professionals – 800
Technical staff - 1800
Support staff - 500
Branches, other sites:
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Unknown
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
Government of Zambia
Other contributions e.g. IFAD, FAO, European Union, Sida
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
Distribution and dissemination and of planting materials
Teaching farmers various skills including crop and animal production
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
•
Small scale farmers
Agro-based NGOs
Contact is through widely based extension delivery service
142
Name of Institution 18:
Department of Agriculture (Extension)
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
Spore magazine
CTA publications
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
The DA has links with a number of educational and research institutions: University of Zambia,
Zambia Agricultural Research Institute, Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust, Food and
Agriculture Organisation if the United Nations (FAO), etc.
DA collaborates specifically on household food security.
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
The absence of the ICT policy in Zambia resulted in less focus on issues related to information
management. Lack of budgetary allocation and prohibitive prices of ICT materials.
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
The main challenge for the Department of Agriculture is identifying the most appropriate
collection points for the information that they need for various sectors, particularly the crop and
livestock production and local market information.
The possible types of information needed include:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Social development issues
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Development and funding programmes
o Development and funding programmes
o Available agricultural/development networks
o Other – Entrepreneurship
•
Technical information
o Grading systems
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
o Packaging
o Equipment sourcing/availability
o Transportation
o Integrated pest management
•
Economic information
143
Name of Institution 18:
Department of Agriculture (Extension)
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market data
o Identification of markets
o Commodity profiles
o Crop insurance systems
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• CTA
• University of Zambia
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Regional research institutions - IITA, World Agroforestry centre
• Commodity/farmer associations
• Meetings with beneficiaries
• Input suppliers
• Other – FAO, ZNFU, SHEMP, ADC, NEPAD, Commonwealth of Learning
Publications:
• CTA booklets/bulletins
• University research papers
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
• Newspapers
• Personal collections
Electronic Media/AV:
• Radio programmes
• TV programmes
• Posters
Other sources:
• Fairs and exhibitions
• Agribusiness consultants
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Production levels at local, regional and international markets
144
Name of Institution 18:
Department of Agriculture (Extension)
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
Working with data with regard to production figures and incidences of pests and diseases is
always a problem. It takes too long for data to reach the provinces from all the districts. There
are too many reporting standards.
Why institution selected as a key:
The Department of Agriculture is a key player in poverty reduction and uplifting the standard of
living of many rural households.
Other observations:
None.
145
Name of Institution 19:
World Vision Zambia (WVZ)
Objective/mission statement:
World Vision mission statement is to follow our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in working with
the poor and oppressed to promote human transformation, seek justice and bear witness to the
good news of the Kingdom of God. WVZ purse this mission through integrated, holistic
commitment to Transformational Development, Emergency Relief, Provision of Justice and
Strategic Initiatives.
Field of Specialisation:
The departments and areas of specialisation within WVZ are :
•
Food Security
•
Health
•
Information Technology
•
Design monitoring and evaluation
•
Advocacy, gender and Child
•
HIV and AIDS
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
Not given
Branches, other sites:
Area development programs in the following districts of Zambia:
Kawambwa
Mbala
•
Nakonde
•
Lusaka
•
Mporokoso
•
Mpika
•
Mazabuka
•
Kitwe
•
Mwinilunga
•
Solwezi
•
Monze
•
Kalabo
•
Mongu
•
Sinazongwe
•
Kalomo
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Unknown
146
Name of Institution 19:
World Vision Zambia (WVZ)
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
•
•
•
Child Sponsorship from Support Offices (WV USA, WV UK, WV Australia, WV Korea, WV
Newzealand
Non-sponsorship funding through proposal writing
Gifts in kind form Support Offices
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
Training
Getting information closer to the field - WV initiative, Child Sponsorship Programme
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
Vulnerable community members in WVZ’s Area Development Programmes. These are farming
households with the chronically ill, child-headed, Female headed, Elderly.
These are contacted by field staffs that are based in the operational areas country-wide.
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
Spore magazine
CTA publications
WVZ has not participated in any of CTA’s programmes
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
World Vision Zambia is collaborating with:
relevant government institutions and departments
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
The type of collaboration is information exchange
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
•
The government of Zambia just launched the ICT Policy
Internet use and licensing equipment was clear
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
The possible types of information needed include:
•
Broad rural development information
o Government and international regulations
o Conference and meetings
o Available agricultural/development networks
•
Technical information
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
147
Name of Institution 19:
World Vision Zambia (WVZ)
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market data
o Identification of markets
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
• National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
• Regional research institutions - IITA, World Agroforestry centre
• Input suppliers
Publications:
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
•
Electronic Media/AV:
Radio programmes
TV programmes
Posters
•
•
•
Other sources:
Fairs and exhibitions
Agribusiness consultants
•
•
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
Production levels at local, regional and international markets
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
Training in ICM
Connectivity
Insufficient computer facilities like desktops and laptops
Why institution selected as a key:
This is a humanitarian organisation dedicated to working with children, families and their
communities in Zambia to reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty and
injustice.
Other observations:
World Vision Zambia is helping farming households with chronically ill, child-headed, femaleheaded and the elderly in food security.
148
Name of Institution 20:
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS)
Objective/mission statement:
To promote the adoption of agricultural technologies through timely dissemination of
appropriate agricultural information to the farming community using a multimedia
approach/system
Field of Specialisation:
Provision of agricultural extension using the media which includes radio, television and printed
materials.
Number of staff professional, clerical, technical, etc; permanent/temporary:
NAIS has a total permanent staff comprising 204 staff broken down into:
•
Professional – 10
•
Technical – 52
•
Administrative – 142
Specialised skills in broadcasting, publishing, agriculture and print media
Branches, other sites:
NAIS has the following departments:
•
Broadcasting
•
Publications
•
Press and Public Relations
Annual Budget (in Local Currency with Euro equivalent):
Unknown
Source of Funding, including main donors/sponsors:
Government of the Republic of Zambia
Programme/Projects undertaken:
•
•
Rural Radio Programme in collaboration with the Japanese International Cooperation
Agency (JICA)
Strengthening the agriculture information flow and dissemination system of NAIS in
Zambia project. This is in collaboration with the International Institute for
Communication and Development (IICD).
Target audience (plus number, actual or estimated):
•
Mainly small scale farmers contacted through radio programmes supplemented by
television programmes, printed materials
•
District extension staff and all other staff who visit farmer radio listening groups
149
Name of Institution 20:
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS)
Extent of interaction with CTA – Spore Magazine, SDI, QAS, DORA, seminars, consultants,
publications, training……..
•
•
Spore Magazine
NAIS has also participated in the following:
o Sharing rural radio resource packs programmes with CTA
o Co-seminars (CTA sensitization workshop on Rural Radio for Policy and Decision
Makers in East and Southern Africa held in Malawi in 2005 in collaboration with FAO)
Extent of collaboration/interaction with other institutions (name, nature):
NAIS is collaborating with
•
International institutions such as the International Institute for Communication and
Development (IICD)
•
Government institutions like the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI)
•
Agricultural private organisations including NGOs like the Organic Producers
Association of Zambia (OPAZ)
•
Regional programmes like Southern Africa Drought Network (SADNET)
The type of collaboration existing with the above institutions include:
•
ICM/ICT collaboration
•
Publicity during field days and any other appropriate time for institutions
•
Information sharing and exchange
National/sectoral policies impacting ICT use / information and communication within institution:
•
•
•
The procurement process for ICT facilities and equipment is a problem
Sharing of information is extremely difficult
There is no agreement on content management
150
Name of Institution 20:
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS)
How information needs are currently met, and from where and by whom:
•
Broad rural development information
o Farm problems
o Gender issues
o Government and international regulations
o Trade fairs
o Available agricultural/development networks
o Other – Entrepreneurship
•
Technical information
o Post-harvest technology
o Crop varieties
o Equipment sourcing
o Integrated pest management
•
Economic information
o Credit and micro-credit
o Market information
o Identification of markets
•
Training needs
o Management of information within the organisation
o Editing reports
o Participative methodologies
Sources of information include the following:
Organisations:
Farmers and commodity/farmer associations
National research institutions - ZARI, GART, LDT
Extension service providers – subject matter specialists
International organisation such as CTA and WREN media
Meetings with beneficiaries such as Farmer Listening Groups
•
•
•
•
•
Publications:
CTA booklets/bulletins
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Booklets/flyers
Newspapers
Newsletters
•
•
•
•
Electronic Media/AV:
• Radio programmes
• TV programmes
• Video presentations
• Posters
151
Name of Institution 20:
National Agricultural Information Services (NAIS)
Main information needs not satisfied (including types and format of information):
•
•
•
Journal articles because of subscription costs
Access to research findings
Provision of content in appropriate format and local languages
Main problems faced in terms of information and communication management:
•
•
•
•
Poor information flow from subject matter specialists
Weak research, extension service providers and farmers linkages
Lack of equipment such as cameras, radios and recorders to effectively disseminate
information to farmers
Lack of transport
Why institution selected as a key:
NAIS has the mandate to develop and disseminate appropriate agricultural information to
clients and stakeholders in order to create and increase their awareness.
Other observations:
None.
152
4. List of Institutions / Persons Interviewed
No.
1
Name of Institutional
Representative
Vincent Nyirenda
2
3
David Chanda
Stephen C. Ngwira
4
5
Akakandelwa
Akakandelwa
Lynn Kapembwa
6
Mary V. Mukwavi
7
Bernard Chisenga
8
Isaac Nkungulu
9
William Tembo
10
Mubiana Kakenenwa
11
Mainecy Hampeyo
12
13
J. Ngenda
Francis Silwizya
Institution
Zambia World Life Authority
(ZAWA)
Radio Mano (RM)
Plan International
University of Zambia-Great East
Road Campus (UNZA)
Zambia Association for Research
& Development (ZARD)
World Vision Zambia (WVI)
Zambia National Institute for
Scientific & Industrial Research
(NISIR)
Zambia Export Growers
Association Training Trust
Natural Resources Development
College
Young Women’s Christian
Association (Mongu)
Production Financing and
Technology (PROFIT) - Western
Province
Lyambai Community Radio
Agriculture Support Programme
(ASP)
Designation
E-mail
Head- Information Services
nyirendav@zawa.org.zm
Manager
Food Security & IGA Program
Coordinator
radiomano@zamtel.zm
Stephen.ngwira@planinternational.org
Acting Deputy University
Librarian
Librarian/ Programme Officer
aakakandelwa@yahoo.com
Lusaka
260-1-283324
Lusaka
Lusaka
mkakenenwa@yahoo.co.uk/
ywcwr@zamtel.zm
hampeyo@yahoo.com
0977-498962/
260-1-283698
0996-635056/ 260-7221053/ 260-7-221573
0977-241121
mliwena@yahoo.com
aspkasama@zamtel.zm /
jokam@zamtel.zm
260-7-221639
260-4-222755/ 260-4232076
Mongu
Kasama
Head-Food Security Department
Head-Information Services
Unit/Librarian
bmchisenga@nisir.org.zm/
nisiris@zamnet.zm
Training Coordinator
inkungulu@zamtel.zm/
admin@nztt.ac.zm
n/a
Programme Manager
Regional Manager
Manager
Field Business Coordinator
District
0977-352035/ 260-1278524
260-4-230038
095-886127/ 0977152766/ 260-6221287/ 260-6-221665
095-832599/
260-1-250845
260-1-222883/ 260-1224536
260-1-221950/ 260-1221958
260-1-281082
zard@microlink.zm/
zardwidnet@microlink.zm
Charles_Owubah@wvi.org
Head-Library Department
Telephone
Kafue
Kasama
Chipata
Lusaka
Lusaka
Lusaka
Mongu
Mongu
153
No.
14
Name of Institutional
Representative
Pius Twaabo Chibinga
Institution
Designation
E-mail
Telephone
District
Programme for Luapula
Agricultural and Rural
Development (PLARD)
Zambia National Farmer’s Union
(ZNFU)
National Agriculture Information
Services
Monitoring and Evaluation
Advisor
mea@plardzambia.org
260-2-821106
0997-376300/
Mansa
15
Coillard Hamusimbi
Liason Officer
znfu@zamnet.zm
Lusaka
Acting Principal Agricultural
Information Officer
nsiantombo@yahoo.co.uk
260-1-252649/ 260-1252834
097763603/
260-1-250010
16
Nervious Siantmbo
17
Chibila Beyani
Livestock Development Trust
Information Technology Officer
ldt@zamnet.zm
18
19
Lack Kaluba
James Mwandwe
Principal Agricultural Officer
Principal Agriculture Economist
Lackluba@yahoo.co.uk
jmwandwe@yahoo.co.uk
20
Mbamwai Mbewe
Department of Extension
Agriculture Market Information
Centre (AMIC)
Department of Fisheries
Principal Fisheries Research
Officer - Data
mbamwai@yahoo.com
/piscator@zamnet.zm
0966727467
260-1-254298
09977600139/ 260-1250308
0977693026/ 260-1278418
Lusaka
Lusaka
Lusaka
Lusaka
Kafue
154
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