CONTRACTS: CASES AND COMMENTARIES, 8th Edition
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contributors....................................................................................................................
iii
Preface ............................................................................................................................
v
Acknowledgments............................................................................................................
i
Table of Cases.................................................................................................................
v
CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE LAW OF CONTRACTS: AN
EDITOR'S COMMENT
1.
The Classical Theory of Contract
2.
The Intersection of “Private” and “Public” Law
3.
“Freedom of Contract”: Reality and Regulatory Response
4.
“Freedom of Contract”: Common Law Response
5.
What Promises are Enforceable?
6.
What Remedy for Breach?
7.
Theories of Contract Law
8.
Relational Contracts
9.
Transcending Conceptual Boundaries
10. A Final Word of Caution
CHAPTER 2 FORMATION OF THE AGREEMENT: OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Offer and Invitation to Treat
Canadian Dyers Association Ltd. v. Burton
Note and Questions
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd.
Note and Questions
Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.
Note and Questions
Goldthorpe v. Logan
Notes and Questions
Harvela Investments Ltd. v. Royal Trust Co. of Canada (C.I.) Ltd.
R. v. Ron Engineering & Construction (Eastern) Ltd.
Notes
M.J.B. Enterprises Ltd. v. Defence Construction (1951) Ltd.
Notes
3.
Communication of Offer
Blair v. Western Mutual Benefit Assn.
Notes and Questions
Williams v. Carwardine
R. v. Clarke
Notes and Questions
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 1
4.
Acceptance
Livingstone v. Evans
Note and Questions
Butler Machine Tool Co. v. E -Cell-O Corp.
Question
Tywood Industries Ltd. v. St. Anne-Nackawic Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd.
Notes and Questions
ProCD v. Matthew Zeidenberg and Silken Mountain Web Services, Inc.
Question
Dawson v. Helicopter E ploration Co.
Felthouse v. Bindley
Notes and Questions
Saint John Tug Boat Co. v. Irving Refinery Ltd.
Eliason v. Henshaw
Questions
5.
Communication of Acceptance
(a) Mailed Acceptances
Household Fire & Carriage Accident Insurance Co. v. Grant
Notes and Questions
Holwell Securities v. Hughes
Question
(b) Instantaneous Methods of Communication
Brinkibon Ltd. v. Stahag Stahl Und Stahlwarenhandelsgesellschaft mbH
Notes and Questions
Rudder v. Microsoft Corp.
Notes
6.
Termination of Offer
(a) Revocation
Dickinson v. Dodds
Notes and Questions
Byrne v. Van Tienhoven
Note
Errington v. Errington and Woods
Questions
(b) Lapse
Barrick v. Clark
Notes and Questions
CHAPTER 3 FORMATION OF THE AGREEMENT: CERTAINTY OF TERMS
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Vagueness
R. v. CAE Industries Ltd.
Note
3.
Incomplete Terms
May & Butcher Ltd. v. R.
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 2
Note
Hillas & Co. v. Arcos Ltd.
Foley v. Classique Coaches Ltd.
Notes and Questions
4.
Agreements to Negotiate
Empress Towers Ltd. v. Bank of Nova Scotia
Note
Mannpar Enterprises Ltd. v. Canada
Note and Questions
Wellington City Council v. Body Corporate 51702 (Wellington)
Notes and Questions
5.
Anticipation of Formalization
Bawitko Investments Ltd. v. Kernels Popcorn Ltd.
Notes
CHAPTER 4 THE ENFORCEMENT OF PROMISES
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
(a) Promises Enforced as Contracts
(b) Promises Enforced as Deeds
(c) Promises Enforced by Way of Estoppel
2.
E change and Bargains
The Governors of Dalhousie College at Halifa v. The Estate of Arthur Boutilier, Deceased
Brantford General Hospital Foundation v. Marquis Estate
Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon
Question
3.
Past Consideration
Eastwood v. Kenyon
Question
Lampleigh v. Brathwait
Notes and Questions
4.
Consideration Must be of Value in the Eyes of the Law
Thomas v. Thomas
Notes and Questions
5.
Bona Fide Compromises of Disputed Claims
Callisher v. Bischoffsheim
Notes
6.
Pre-E isting Legal Duty
(a) Introduction
(b) Public Duty
Question
(c) Duty Owed to a Third Party
Pao On v. Lau Yiu Long
Note
(d) Duty Owed to the Promisor
(i) Promises to Pay or Provide More
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 3
7.
8.
Stilk v. Myrick
Note
Gilbert Steel Ltd. v. University Const. Ltd.
Note
Williams v. Roffey Bros. & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd.
Note
Greater Fredericton Airport Authority Inc. v. NAV Canada
Note and Questions
Promises to Accept Less
(a) Accord and Satisfaction
Foakes v. Beer
Re Selectmove Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Foot v. Rawlings
Notes and Questions
(b) Statute
Judicature Act
Notes and Questions
Promissory Estoppel and Waiver
Hughes v. Metropolitan Railway Company
Central London Property Trust Ltd. v. High Trees House Ltd.
Note and Questions
(a) The Nature of the Representation
John Burrows Ltd. v. Subsurface Surveys Ltd.
Notes and Question
(b) The Equities
D. & C. Builders Ltd. v. Rees
(c) The Notice
Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd. v. Maritime Life Assurance Co.
International Knitwear Architects Inc. v. Kabob Investments Ltd.
Notes
(d) The Reliance
W.J. Alan & Co. v. El Nasr E port & Import Co.
Questions
Société Italo-Belge Pour le Commerce et l'Industrie S.A. v. Palm and Vegetable Oils
(Malaysia) Sdn Bhd; The Post Chaser
Notes and Questions
(e) Sword or Shield?
Combe v. Combe
Notes and Questions
Petridis v. Shabinsky
Questions
Robichaud c. Caisse Populaire de Pokemouche Ltée
Note and Question
Waltons Stores (Interstate) Pty. Ltd. v. Maher
Notes and Question
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 4
M. (N.) v. A. (A.T.)
Note
9.
Intention to Create Legal Relations
(a) Introduction
(b) Family Arrangements
Balfour v. Balfour
Notes and Questions
(c) Commercial Arrangements
Rose and Frank Co. v. J.R. Crompton and Bros. Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Toronto Dominion Bank v. Leigh Instruments Ltd. (Trustee Of)
10. Formality: Promises Under Seal
Royal Bank v. Kiska
Notes and Questions
11. Formality: The Requirement of Writing
(a) Introduction
Statute of Frauds
(b) Operation of the Statute
(i) Effects of Non-Compliance
(ii) The Requirement of a Sufficient Note or Memorandum
(A) Form of the Note or Memorandum
(B) Contents of the Note or Memorandum
Dynamic Transport Ltd. v. O.K. Detailing Ltd.
(C) The Requisite Signature
(D) Joinder of Documents
(iii) Categories of Contracts Under the Statute
(A) Contracts to Charge an E ecutor or Administrator on a Special Promise to Answer
Damages Out of His Own Estate
(B) Contracts Made Upon Consideration of Marriage
(C) Contracts to Answer for the Debt, Default or Miscarriage of Another Person
(D) Contracts Not to be Performed Within a Year
(E) Contracts for the Sale of an Interest in Land
Deglman v. Guaranty Trust Co.
Note
Thompson v. Guaranty Trust Co.
Notes and Questions
Lensen v. Lensen
Notes
CHAPTER 5 PRIVITY OF CONTRACT
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
The History of the Doctrine of Privity and Third Party Beneficiaries
Provender v. Wood
Tweddle v. Atkinson
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co. Ltd. v. Selfridge & Co. Ltd.
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 5
Notes and Questions
3.
Ways in Which a Third Party May Acquire the Benefit
(a) Statute
Note
(b) Specific Performance
Beswick v. Beswick
Beswick v. Beswick
Questions
(c) Trust
Vandepitte v. Preferred Accident Insurance Co.
(d) Agency
McCannell v. Mabee McLaren Motors Ltd.
New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd. v. A.M. Satterthwaite & Co. Ltd.
Notes and Question
(e) Employment
London Drugs Ltd. v. Kuehne & Nagel International Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Edgeworth Construction Ltd. v. N.D. Lea & Associates Ltd.
Notes and Questions
(f) Subrogation
Fraser River Pile & Dredge Ltd. v. Can-Dive Services Ltd.
Notes and Questions
4.
Privity and Contract Theory
CHAPTER 6 CONTINGENT AGREEMENTS
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Intention, Certainty and Consideration
Wiebe v. Bobsien
Wiebe v. Bobsien
Notes and Questions
3.
Reciprocal Subsidiary Obligations
Dynamic Transport Ltd. v. O.K. Detailing Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Remedies for Breach of Subsidiary Obligations
Eastwalsh Homes Ltd. v. Anatal Developments Ltd.
Notes and Questions
4.
Unilateral Waiver
Turney v. Zhilka
Beauchamp v. Beauchamp
Barnett v. Harrison
Notes and Questions
CHAPTER 7 REPRESENTATIONS AND TERMS; CLASSIFICATIONS AND
CONSEQUENCES
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 6
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Misrepresentation and Rescission
Redgrave v. Hurd
Questions
Smith v. Land and House Property Corp.
Notes and Questions
Bank of British Columbia v. Wren Developments Ltd.
Note and Questions
Kupchak v. Dayson Holdings Ltd.
Notes and Questions
3.
Representations and Terms
Heilbut, Symons & Co. v. Buckleton
Note and Questions
Dick Bentley Productions Ltd. v. Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd.
Questions
Leaf v. International Galleries
Questions
4.
Statutory Reform
Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Amendment of the Law of Contract
Note and Questions
Fair Trading Act
Notes and Questions
5.
Concurrent Liability in Contract and Tort
Sodd Corp. v. N. Tessis
Notes and Questions
BG Checo International Ltd. v. British Columbia Hydro & Power Authority
Note and Question
6.
The Parol Evidence Rule
(a) The Scope and Rationale of the Rule
Zell v. American Seating Co.
Notes and Questions
Hawrish v. Bank of Montreal
Note and Questions
Bauer v. Bank of Montreal
Notes and Questions
J. Evans & Son (Portsmouth) Ltd. v. Merzario (Andrea) Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Gallen v. Butterley
Note and Questions
(b) Statutory Modification of the Parol Evidence Rule
Trade Practice Act
Notes and Questions
7.
Classification of Terms
Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co. Ltd. v. Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 7
Wickman Machine Tool Sales Ltd. v. L. Schuler A.G.
Questions
8.
Discharge by Performance or Breach
Fairbanks Soap Co. v. Sheppard
Notes and Questions
Sumpter v. Hedges
Questions
Howe v. Smith
Note and Questions
Stevenson v. Colonial Homes Ltd.
Questions
CHAPTER 8 STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS AND E CLUSION CLAUSES
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Implied Terms
Machtinger v. Hoj Industries Ltd.
3.
Some General Principles of Contractual Interpretation
Scott v. Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Co.
4.
Judicial Control of Standard Form Contracts and E clusion Clauses
(a) Introduction
(i) Development and Use of the Standard Form
Trebilcock, The Common Law of Restraint of Trade
(ii) Use of E clusion Clauses
(b) Incorporation
(i) Unsigned Documents
Thornton v. Shoe Lane Parking Ltd.
Note
Interfoto Picture Library Ltd. v. Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd.
McCutcheon v. David MacBrayne Ltd.
Notes and Question
(ii) Signed Documents
Tilden Rent-a-car Co. v. Clendenning
Karroll v. Silver Star Mountain Resorts Ltd.
Notes
(c)Strict Construction
(d) Doctrine of Fundamental Breach
Karsales (Harrow) Ltd. v. Wallis
Note
Photo Production Ltd. v. Securicor Transport Ltd.
Notes
Hunter Engineering Co. Inc. v. Syncrude Canada Ltd.
Note
(e)Fundamental Breach/Unconscionability Post-Hunter
Fraser Jewellers (1982) Ltd. v. Dominion Electric Protection Co.
Notes
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 8
Solway v. Davis Moving & Storage Inc. (c.o.b. Kennedy Moving Systems)
Questions
Plas-Te Canada Ltd. v. Dow Chemical of Canada Ltd.
Questions
CHAPTER 9 MISTAKE
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
Note
2.
Both Parties Mistakenly Believe They Are in Agreement
Staiman Steel Ltd. v. Commercial & Home Builders Ltd.
3.
Unilateral Mistakes as to Terms
(a) Distinguishing Mistakes as to Terms and Mistaken Assumptions
Smith v. Hughes
Question
(b) “Snapping Up” a Mistaken Offer
Notes and Questions
(c) Mistakes in Tender Bids
R. v. Ron Engineering & Construction (Eastern) Ltd.
Notes and Question
4.
Agreements Made Under Mistaken Assumptions
(a) Common Law
Bell v. Lever Brothers Ltd.
Question
McRae v. Commonwealth Disposals Commission
Notes and Questions
(b) Equity
Solle v. Butcher
Notes
Great Peace Shipping v. Tsavliris Salvage
Note and Questions
Miller Paving Ltd. v. B. Gottardo Construction Ltd.
Note
5.
Mistaken Identity
Shogun Finance Ltd. v. Hudson
Questions
6.
Documents Mistakenly Signed: Non Est Factum
Saunders v. Anglia Building Society
Marvco Color Research Ltd. v. Harris
Notes and Questions
7.
Rectification
Bercovici v. Palmer
Bercovici v. Palmer
Note and Question
Sylvan Lake Golf & Tennis Club Ltd. v. Performance Industries Ltd.
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 9
Notes
CHAPTER 10 FRUSTRATION
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
Collins, The Law of Contract
Posner, Economic Analysis of Law
Trebilcock, The Limits of Freedom of Contract
2.
Development and Application of the Doctrine
Paradine v. Jane
Note and Question
Taylor v. Caldwell
Note
Can. Govt. Merchant Marine Ltd. v. Can. Trading Co.
Notes and Question
Claude Neon General Advertising Ltd. v. Sing
Notes and Questions
Davis Contractors Ltd. v. Fareham U.D.C.
Notes
Capital Quality Homes Ltd. v. Colwyn Construction Ltd.
Question and Note
Victoria Wood Development Corp. v. Ondrey
Question
KBK No. 138 Ventures Ltd. v. Canada Safeway Ltd.
Notes and Question
Kesmat Invt. Inc. v. Indust. Machinery Co. & Canadian Indemnity Co.
Notes and Questions
3.
A Restatement
Edwinton Commercial Corporation and Another v. Tsavliris Russ (Worldwide Salvage and
Towage) Ltd. The Sea Angel
Questions
4.
Self-Induced Frustration
Maritime National Fish Ltd. v. Ocean Trawlers Ltd.
Notes and Questions
5.
Should the Doctrine of Frustration be E panded: Commercial Impracticality and Social Force
Majeure?
Wilhelmsson, “‘Social Force Majeure’—A New Concept in Nordic Consumer Law”
Question
Conklin, A Contract
6.
Anticipating the Unforeseeable: Force Majeure Clauses
Atlantic Paper Stock Ltd. v. St. Anne-Nackawic Pulp & Paper Co.
Notes and Questions
7.
Effect of Frustration
Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Amendment of the Law of Contract
Notes and Questions
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 10
CHAPTER 11 THE PROTECTION OF WEAKER PARTIES
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Duress
Greater Fredericton Airport Authority Inc. v. NAV Canada
3.
Undue Influence
Geffen v. Goodman Estate
Notes and Questions
Royal Bank Of Scotland Plc v. Etridge (No. 2)
Questions
4.
Unconscionability
(a) The Traditional Doctrine
Morrison v. Coast Finance Ltd.
Marshall v. Can. Permanent Trust Co.
Questions
(b) A Wider View
Lloyds Bank v. Bundy
Harry v. Kreutziger
(c) The Scope of the Principle
Tiplady, The Judicial Control of Contractual Unfairness
Note
(d) Unconscionability Legislation
Unconscionable Transactions Relief Act
Notes and Question
5.
Incapacity
(a) Infancy
Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Amendments of the Law of Contract
Notes
(b) Mental Incompetence
Hart v. O'Connor
Notes and Question
CHAPTER 12 ILLEGALITY AND PUBLIC POLICY
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Contracts Contrary to Public Policy at Common Law
(a) Restraint Of Trade
KRG Insurance Brokers (Western) Inc. v. Shafron
Question
Trebilcock, The Common Law of Restraint of Trade
Notes and Questions
(b) Other Public Policies
Shanner, The Right to Procreate: When Rights Claims Have Gone Wrong
Question
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 11
3.
Effects of Illegality
Still v. Minister of National Revenue
Notes and Questions
CHAPTER 13 REMEDIES
Learning Objectives
1.
Introduction
2.
Damages: The Interests Protected
Holmes, The Path of the Law
Posner, Economic Analysis of Law
Notes
Fuller and Perdue, The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages
(a) The E pectation Interest
(b) The Reliance Measure of Damages
McRae v. Commonwealth Disposals Comm.
Note and Questions
Bowlay Logging Ltd. v. Domtar Ltd.
Note and Question
Sunshine Vacation Villas Ltd. v. Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading
into Hudson's Bay
Questions
(c) The Restitution Measure of Damages
Attorney-General v. Blake (Jonathan Cape Ltd. Third Party)
Notes and Questions
3.
Damages: The Boundaries of Recovery
(a) Circumscribing the Zone of Protected Interests
(i) Loss of a Chance
Chaplin v. Hicks
Questions
(ii) Cost of Completion v. Difference in Value
Groves v. John Wunder Co.
Notes and Question
Posner, Economic Analysis of Law
Nu-West Homes Ltd. v. Thunderbird Petroleums Ltd.
Notes and Questions
(iii) Loss of Enjoyment and Other Intangible Interests
Jarvis v. Swans Tours
Note and Questions
(iv) Aggravated and Punitive Damages
Vorvis v. Insurance Corp. of British Columbia
Wallace v. United Grain Growers Ltd.
Notes and Questions
Whiten v. Pilot Insurance Co.
Question
(b) Certainty, Causation and Remoteness
(i) Certainty
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 12
4.
(ii) Causation
Hodgkinson v. Simms
Notes and Questions
(iii) Remoteness
Hadley v. Ba endale
Note and Question
Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd. v. Newman Indust. Ltd.
Questions
Scyrup v. Economy Tractor Parts Ltd.
Note and Questions
Koufos v. Czarnikow (C.) (the Heron II)
Note and Questions
(c) Mitigation
Asamera Oil Corp. v. Sea Oil & General Corp.
Note and Questions
(d) Time of Measurement of Damages
Semelhago v. Paramadevan
Question
(e) Liquidated Damages, Deposits and Forfeitures
Shatilla v. Feinstein
Questions
H.F. Clarke Ltd. v. Thermidaire Corp.
Notes and Questions
J.G. Collins Insurance Agencies Ltd. v. Elsley
Questions
Stockloser v. Johnson
Notes and Questions
Equitable Remedies
(a) Specific Performance
John E. Dodge Holdings Ltd. v. 805062 Ontario Ltd.
Notes and Questions
(b) Defences to Actions for Specific Performance
(i) Mutuality of Remedy
(ii) Misrepresentation and Mistake
(iii) Conduct of the Plaintiff
(iv) Hardship
(v) Other Equitable Defences
(c) Injunctions
(d) Contracts of Personal Service
Warner Bros. Pictures Inc. v. Nelson
Note and Questions
(e) Interim and Interlocutory Injunctions
Zipper Transportation Services Ltd. v. Korstrom
Zipper Transportation Services Ltd. v. Korstrom
Note and Questions
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 13
Inde
Contracts: Cases and Commentary, 8th ed. -- 14