1
Study Guide
Study Guide
Scientists investigate the natural world by posing questions,
developing hypotheses, designing experiments, analyzing data,
drawing conclusions, and communicating results.
4 Mathematics and Science
1 What Is Physical Science?
Key Concepts
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• Interactive Student Edition
• Self-Assessment with remediation
• Assessment reports for teachers
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inferring
predicting
Key Concepts
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Reinforce the chapter’s Big Idea by
connecting it to important Key Concepts.
For example, ask: What skills and
knowledge do physical scientists use to
study matter, energy, and the changes they
undergo? (Sample answer: Physical scientists
use the skills of observing, inferring, and
predicting and their knowledge of chemistry or
physics and mathematics.)
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ExamView® Computer Test
Bank CD-ROM
For: Self-Assessment
Visit: PHSchool.com
Web Code: cxa-1010
Students can take a practice test online that is
automatically scored.
AA Active Art
Key
RNG-A Reading and Note Taking Guide, Level A
RNG-B Reading and Note Taking Guide, Level B
TR Teaching Resources
48
Processes used in inquiry include posing
questions, developing hypotheses, designing
experiments, collecting and interpreting data,
drawing conclusions, and communicating.
Scientists use models and develop laws and
theories to increase people’s understanding of
the natural world.
scientific inquiry
hypothesis
parameter
manipulated variable
responding variable
controlled experiment
data
communicating
model
scientific theory
scientific law
Key Concepts
Key Concepts
Line graphs are used to display data to see how
one variable (the responding variable) changes
in response to another variable (the manipulated variable).
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A line of best fit emphasizes the overall trend
shown by all the data taken as a whole.
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Key Terms
SI
weight
mass
volume
meniscus
density
Celsius scale
Kelvin scale
absolute zero
y2 ⫺ y1
Rise
Slope ⫽ ---------- ⫽ -----------------x2 ⫺ x1
Run
Line graphs are powerful tools in science
because they allow you to identify trends and
make predictions.
Key Terms
graph
horizontal axis
vertical axis
origin
coordinate
S 8.8.a, 8.8.b
Using SI allows scientists to compare data and
communicate with each other about results.
SI units include: m, kg, m3, kg/m3, s, and K.
Volume ⫽ Area ⫻ Height
Mass
Density ⫽ ------------------Volume
S 8.9.d, 8.9.g
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3 Measurement
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significant figures
precision
5 Graphs in Science
S 8.9.a, 8.9.c
Key Terms
Teaching Resources
Teaching Resources, Unit 1
• Chapter 1 Key Terms Review
• Chapter 1 Vocabulary Skill
Color Transparencies
• Transparency 8.16
Chapter Tests Levels A and B
• Chapter 1 Tests
• Chapter 1 Performance Assessment
Standards Review Workbook
Standards Review Transparencies
Progress Monitoring Assessment
• Screening, diagnostic, and benchmark
tests
S 8.9.b
When collecting data and making measurements,
scientists use math skills involving estimation,
accuracy and reproducability, significant figures,
and precision.
estimate
accuracy
reproducibility
chemistry
physics
2 Scientific Inquiry
Connect to Key Concepts
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Key Terms
Key Terms
science
observing
Key Concepts
S 8.9
Scientists use the skills of observing, inferring,
and predicting to learn about the natural world.
Physical science is the study of matter and
energy, and the changes that they undergo.
data point
line of best fit
linear graph
slope
nonlinear graph
6 Science Laboratory Safety
Key Concepts
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S 8.9
Good preparation helps you stay safe when
doing science activities in the laboratory or
the field.
When any accident occurs, no matter how
minor, notify your teacher immediately. Then,
listen to your teacher’s directions and carry
them out quickly.
48 ◆
Diagnose and Remediate
Also available on
Standard
Review and
Assessment Items
Standards-Targeted Resources
Additional Resources
S 8.8.a
3, 8, 19, 22
RNG-A 19–24; RNG-B 18–24
TR: Vocabulary Skill
S 8.8.b
3, 8, 18, 19, 22, 23
RNG-A 19–24; RNG-B 18–24
S 8.9
5, 11, 21
RNG-A 11–13, 34–37; RNG-B 11–13, 34–36
S 8.9.a
1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 17, 20
AA cgp-6012; RNG-A 11–13, 14–18; 34–37;
RNG-B 11–13, 14–17, 34–36; Video Field Trip
TR: Key Terms
Student Edition in MP3
(English/Spanish)
Student Express with
Interactive Textbook CD-ROM