SPECIAL Steel Book
>
Introduction:>
Fletcher Easysteel is a division of Fletcher Building Limited. The company prides itself on its
position as a leading steel distributor in New Zealand providing a comprehensive range of
products and services to meet the needs of this market.
The Special Steel Book is a directory of products and services available from Fletcher Easysteel and is
provided as a guide to assist customers when determining their requirements.
It is by no means an exhaustive list of the company’s service portfolio. For in this dynamic environment,
operating within a more prevalent global economy, the range of products and services that Fletcher
Easysteel offers is ever changing.
The Special Steel Book is an indication of the company’s commitment to informing customers of what is
available from your steel supplier. Supplementary product catalogues are;
• Structural Steel Properties and Design Charts Catalogue
• Pipe and Pipe Fittings Catalogue
• The Steel Book
Every care has been taken by staff in producing this catalogue. Fletcher Easysteel has endeavoured to
ensure accuracy of the information contained herein, however Fletcher Easysteel cannot and does not
accept responsibility for any loss or damage sustained by any party through use of this information.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 2
Introduction:>
Quality
Fletcher Easysteel continues to maintain a strong commitment to the principles which have become total quality management.
This results in minimum waste, improved efficiencies and a service promise which meets customer requirements. Fletcher
Easysteel has a philosophy of continuous improvement in all areas of its business.
Technical Advice
Fletcher Easysteel provides technical expertise on all products and services it markets. Specialist advice is available on product
properties, product selection and specific end use application. Any advice given should subsequently be authorised by a
qualified engineer.
Information Systems
Fletcher Easysteel operates an ERP system across its business. This includes handling front-line customer enquiries and
orders, to back-office automatic stock replenishment in line with customer forecasts.
Supporting this is a forecasting system which captures historic sales information, combining it with future market intelligence
to provide the best possible forecast. This enables us to have the right product on hand at the right time to meet customer
requirements and to ensure excellent service for our customers.
Fletcher Easysteel is continually researching the new opportunities information technology offers in making business easier
with customers and suppliers alike.
Suppliers
Fletcher Easysteel has a centrally based supply chain which leverages its strong relationship with suppliers to provide highly
competitive offers to its customers. These offers are sourced globally from quality steel mills and suppliers which enables its
customers to compete in both domestic and export markets.
Health & Safety
At Fletcher Easysteel, our safety goal is zero harm. Health and Safety is our highest priority, not only for all employees, but
also for our customers, suppliers, contractors and visitors. We take a pro-active approach in regards to Health & Safety and
Environment, and we are continually developing and implementing systems to ensure our workplace is a safe one. At Fletcher
Easysteel, everyone is responsible for ensuring that we are working in a safe manner -
Because we want to . . . not because we have to!
Fletcher Easysteel Page 3
Contents:>
Introduction 2
Brand Equivalents Chart
6
Mild Steel Mild Steel Engineering Rounds
Bright Commercial Quality Bar AISI 1018/1020 Bright Commercial Quality Flats AISI 1018/1020
8
9
10
11
Bright Free Cutting Bright Fee Cutting Bar AISI 1214/1215 Bright Leaded Bar AISI 12L14/12L15
12
13
14
Engineering Steels
15
Medium Tensile Steel 1040/45
16
High Tensile Steel AISI 4140 18
High Tensile Steel AISI 4340 20
High Tensile Steel AISI P20
22
High Tensile Steel (2767) 23
Carburising Steel En36A, EN39B
24
Phosphor Bronze LG2
26
Grades and stocked size summery27
Forms of Supply and Machining Allowances
28
Cast Iron & Hollow Bar
Cast Iron 4E
Cast iron 3D
Hollow Bar 29
30
31
32
Hydraulic Steels Hard Chrome Bar
Hydraulic Cylinder Tube
34
35
36
Cold Work Tool Steels
D2 (2379) A2 (2363) 37
40
42
Hot Work Steels
H13 (2344) 45
46
Fletcher Easysteel Page 4
Contents:>
Plastic Mould Steels
48
Aluminium Tooling Plate
53
P20 (2311)
54
276756
Gauge Plate
Gauge Plate
Key Steel
Silver Steel
59
60
62
63
Plate64
Boiler Quality Plate
65
Wear Resistant Plate Grade 66
High Strength Plate 67
Structural Steel Plate Comparisons
68
Boiler Quality Plate Comparisons
69
Welding Products
71
General Purpose Electrodes
72
Consumables75
Cutting and Grinding Discs
76
Service Centres, Metal Processing
Service Centres
Plate Processing Metal Processing
81
82
83
84
Appendix85
Size Tolerances to ASTM A29
86
Straightness Tolerances to ASTM A29
89
ISO Tolerances
90
Machining Allowances
91
Useful Tables Weights - Kg/Metre
92
Approx. Comparison of Tensile Strength
93
Approx. Equivalent of Hardness and Tensile 94
Conversion Calculations 95
Indent96
Fletcher Easysteel Page 5
Brand Equivalents Chart:>
Tool & Alloy Steels
Mild Steel
Medium
/High
Tensile
Case
Hardening
Cold
Work
EasySteel
Shortname
AISI
BS 970
En
BS 970
New
Japan JIS-G
BCQ 1018/1020
BFC 1214/1215
BLB 12L14/12L15
1018/1020
1214/1215
12L14/12L15
EN3B
EN1A
EN1A Pb
070M20
230M07
230M07Pb
4051-S20C
4804-Sum23/25
4804-Sum23L
MT x 1040/45
HT x 4140
HT x 4340
HT x En25
MHTF x 2767
1040/45
4140
4340
En8
En19
En24
En25
En30B
080M40
708M40
817M40
823M30
835M30
4051-S40C
4105-SCM440
4103-SNCM439
4103-SNCM628
6580
Thyrodur 2767
CASE x En36A
CASE x En39B
3310
En36A
En39B
665M13
835M15
4102-SNC815
4103-SNCM815
6587
Thyroplast 2764
SuperImpacto
D2
A2
01
D2
A2
01
BS4659
BD2
BA2
BO1
4404-SKD11
4404-SKD12
4404-SKS3
Thyrodur 2379
Thyrodur 2363
Thyrodur 2510
FNS
Cromoly
Keewatin
835M30
4103-SNCM628
Thyrodur 2767
AHT28
420S45
835M30
SUS42 J1
4103-SNCM628
Thyroplast 2311
Thyroplast 2738
Thyroplast 2312
Thyroplast 2083
Thyrodur 2767
Ultimo 200
420PQ
AHT28
MLDH/MHTF x 2767
Plastic
Mould
Hot
Work
MLDF x PDS5
MOLD/MLDF x 2311
MOLD/MLDF 2738
MLDF x 2312
PQ x 2083
MLDH/MHTF x 2767
P20
P20+Ni
P20+S
420
En31
En30B
En30B
Thyssen
7225
Atlas
CM
SPS
Ultimo 200/4
AHT28
HOT
HOTF
H13
BS4659
BH13
4404-SKD61
Thyrotherm 2344
Crovan
Shock
Resisting
S1
S1
BS4659
BS1
4404-SKS41
Thyrotherm 2550
Falcon 6
High
Speed
M2
M2
BS4659
BM2
4404-SKH9
Thyrapid 3343
SIXIX
Fletcher Easysteel Page 6
Brand Equivalents Chart:>
Balfour
Rochling
Hitachi
VEW
Bohler
Assab
Comsteel
1040/45
SD19
SD50/Monix15
V320
V155
V945
VCL140
VCN150
SD12/RABW
V110
Plasmould
05
R16
R4
R2
SD51
E200
E204
ES Special
PPA
Q5
R10
K105
K305
K460
Special KNL
Special K5
Amutut S
K600
NWM
M210
Starmould
M310
V110
WKW4
Plasmould
SC25/RCC Supra
RSD13/RKCM
TOH/RUS3
SLD
SCD
SGT
SD12/RABW
MPM2
PMS/Moulrex A
SD12/RABW
XW-41
XW-10
DF2
Aidi-150
718
CSM2
Holdax
Stavax
ADIC/RD2V
DAC
W302
US Ultra 2
8407
SCX15/00/RTWK
YSR
K450
My Extra
M4
Giantm5/Capital562
YXMI
S600
SREMo
ASP41
Ketos
M5
R2
420MFQ
R2
Werkstoff
Kurz-Name
1.0402
1.0715
1.0718
c22
9 SMn 28
9 SMn 28 Pb
1.1186
1.7225
1.6565
1.6743
1.6747
CK40
42 CrMo4
40 CrNiMo6
32 NiCrMo10 4
30 NiCrMo16 6
1.6723
15 NiCrMo16 5
1.3505
1.6747
155 CrVMo 12 1
100 CrMoV 5 1 1
100MnCrW 4
100 Cr 6
30 NiCrMo 16 6
1.6747
40 CrMnMo 7
40 CrMnNiMo 8 6 4
40 CrMnMoS 8 6
42 Cr 13
30 NiCrMo 16 6
Nu-Die V
40 CrMoV 5 1
40 CrMoV 5 1
60 WCrv 7
60 WCrv 7
1.1003
Dmo 5
Fletcher Easysteel Page 7
Mild Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 8
Mild Steels:>
Mild Steel
Engineering Rounds
Product Shortname: PB30, PB50, ER
Specifications: NZ/Australia AS 3679-300
UK
Japan/Korea
Size Designations: Mass per Metre
By diameter
Metres per Tonne
AS/NZS 4671-300
AS/NZS 4671-500
BS 4360-43A
JIS G3101-SS400
JIS G4051-S20
JIS G4051-S25C
= (Diameter D (mm))2 x 0.006165
= 1000
kg/m
D
= kg/m
= metres
Size Range Available:
Size
(mm)
Mass per
Metre (kg/m)
Size
(mm)
Mass per
Metre (kg/m)
Size
(mm)
Mass per
Metre (kg/m)
24
25
28
32
3.551
3.853
4.834
6.313
65
70
75
80
26.050
30.210
34.680
39.460
150
160
200
138.700
157.800
246.600
Available on indent
Standard stock length is 6 metres.
Engineering rounds can be cut to length on request.
Straightness Tolerance
The standards have a straightness tolerance of 3mm per metre.
A large range is stocked in grade 1045
Fletcher Easysteel Page 9
Mild Steels:>
Bright Commercial Quality Rounds
Product Shortname: BCQI, BCQM
Specifications: AISI 1018/1020
BS970 070M20
EN 3B
JIS G 4051 S20C
Tolerances: H10
Typical UTS Yield: UTS = 490 Yield= 370
Typical Analysis:
C
0.15/0.23%
Mn
0.3/0.9%
S & P
0.05% max.
Colour Code: Green
Characteristics: In comparison to normal hot rolled bars, a cold finished product gives tighter sectional tolerances,
improved straightness, and a clean scale free surface. Advantages to the user being that material can be brought closer
to the finished machine size and thus reduce machining costs. It minimises costly straightening operations and is more
easily machined. Another benefit derived from the cold rolling/drawing operation is a marked increase in physical
strength over a hot rolled bar of the same section.
Applications: Easily fabricated and welded. Used for all engineering parts, machine building and furniture.
Suitable for coated applications.
Size Range:
Rounds - Imperial (inches)
3/16
1 4
/
5 16
/
3 8
/
7 16
/
1 2
/
9 16
/
5 8
/
3 4
/
7 8
1
11/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
13/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4
5
6
/
Rounds - Metric (mm)
6
8
10
12
16
20
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
In rounds, under 1/2” dia (except 10 & 12mm) available in 3.5 metre lengths. All others available in 5.75 metre lengths
or customer specific lengths. Fletcher Easysteel offers a cut to length service operation.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 10
Mild Steels:>
Bright Commercial Quality Flats
Product Shortname: BFI, BFM
Specifications: AISI 1018/1020
BS970 070M20
EN 3B
JIS G 4051 S20C
Tolerances: To ASTM A29-03 (A108-99)
Straightness 1:600 over total bar length
Typical UTS Yield: UTS = 490 Yield= 370
Typical Analysis:
C
0.15/0.23%
Mn
0.3/0.9%
S & P
0.05% max.
Colour Code: Green
Characteristics: In comparison to normal hot rolled bars, this cold finished product gives tighter sectional tolerances,
improved straightness, and a clean scale free surface. Advantages to the user being that the material can be brought
closer to the finished machine size and thus reduce machining costs. It minimises costly straightening operations and is
more easily machined. Another benefit derived from the cold rolling/drawing operation is a marked increase in physical
strength over a hot rolled bar of the same section.
Applications: Easily fabricated and welded. Used for all engineering parts, machine building and furniture.
Suitable for coated applications.
Size Range:
Flats - Imperial (inches)
1/2
x 1/8
3/4
1 3/4 x 5/8
x 3/8
1 x 1/2
1 1/4 x 3/16
1 1/4 x 1/4
1 1/2 x 5/16
2 x 1/2
2 x 3/4
2x1
3x2
8x1
11/2 x 1/2
Squares - Imperial (inches)
/2
1
/4
3
1
1 1/8
11/4
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
Flats - Metric (mm)
12 x 6
16 x 3
16 x 5
20 x 3
20 x 5
20 x 6
20 x 7
20 x 10
25 x 3
25 x 5
25 x 6
25 x 10
30 x 10
32 x 5
32 x 6
40 x 5
40 x 7
40 x 10
40 x 25
40 x 30
50 x 3
50 x 5
50 x 10
50 x 12
50 x 16
50 x 20
50 x 25
60 x 10
75 x 6
75 x 7
75 x 10
75 x 12
75 x 20
75 x 25
100 x 10
100 x 12
100 x 25
130 x 20
150 x 12
150 x 20
150 x 25
200 x 20
Squares - Metric (mm)
10
25
40
Fletcher Easysteel Page 11
Standard length for flats is 3.5 metres. Fletcher Easysteel offers a cut to length service operation.
Bright Free Cutting:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 12
Bright Free Cutting:>
Bright Free Cutting Bar
Product Shortname: BFCI, BFCM, BFCF, BFCH (Flat/Sq)
Specifications: AISI 1214/1215 BS 970 230MO7
Tolerances: Supplied Cold Drawn to H10
Typical Analysis: C
AISI 1214 AISI 1215
0.15% max.
0.09% max.
Mn
P
S
0.8/1.2%
0.75/1.05%
0.04/0.09%
0.04/0.09%
0.25/0.35%
0.26/0.35%
Typical UTS Yield: UTS = 430 Yield= 340
Colour Code: Orange - Metric
Red - Imperial
Characteristics: Bright free cutting bar is available in round, square and hexagonal sections and gives the same
benefits as bright commercial quality in terms of good sectional tolerance, straightness and increased physical
properties. The major benefit is from the combination of manganese and sulphur in the steel. These elements form
manganese sulphide inclusions which effectively act as ‘chip breakers’ during machining and allow this grade to be
machined at much higher speeds with no adverse effect on tool life. Can be welded using specialised procedures and
electrodes.
Applications: Manufacturing applications where extensive machining is involved, i.e., nuts, bolts, studs, etc. or any
other application involving high speed automatic machining operations.
Size Range:
Rounds - Imperial (inches)
/4
/8
1
1 /4
1
3
/2
5
/8
3
2
2 /4
2 /2
1
1 /2
1
/4
1
/8
1
1 1/8
3
3 /2
4
7
1
1
Rounds - Metric (mm)
6
8
10
12
16
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
65
80
90
100
35
Flats, squares and round’s also available on an indent basis.
*Leaded (12L14) bars also available on an indent basis.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 13
Mild Steels:>
Bright Leaded Bar
Product Shortname: BLBI, BLBM, BLBH (Flat/Sq)
Specifications: AISI 12L14/12L15
BS 970 230MO7Pb
Tolerances: H11 (hex)
Typical Analysis: C
0.15% max.
Mn
P
S
Si
Pb
0.8/1.2%
0.04/0.09%
0.25/0.35%
0.10%max 0.15/0.35%
Typical UTS Yield: UTS = 430 Yield= 340
Colour Code: Brown - Metric
Blue - Imperial
Characteristics: A premium grade of free cutting bar, similar to 1214/1215, with the addition of lead, it is widely
used in repetitive manufacturing. The added lead enables excellent machinability but also makes it more difficult to
weld.
Applications: Brake components, gear box components, hydraulic fittings.
Size Range:
Hex - Imperial (inches)
/16
3
/8
/8
1
5
7
/16
1
1 /8
1 /4
7
1
/2
1
/16
9
1 /8
3
/8
/4
5
3
1 /2
1
Hex - Metric (mm)
16
17
Flats, squares and round’s also available on an indent basis.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 14
38
Engineering Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 15
Medium Tensile Steel:>
Medium Tensile Steel 1040/45
Product Shortname: MTI, MTM
Specifications: JIS G4051 S40C
JIS G4051 S45C
BS EN8
Tolerances: CD Bar: H10
Typical Analysis: C MnSi S&P
0.40%
0.6/0.9%
0.35% max.
0.050 max.
Mechanical Properties:
Colour Code:
UTS approx 600MPa
Yield approx 450MPa
Yellow
Characteristics:
AISI 1040/45 is a medium carbon medium tensile steel with improved strength over mild steel. Supplied
in black or cold drawn condition it is easily machineable and is generally used in the as supplied condition. It can be readily
flame or induction hardened to approximately 58 Rockwell ‘C’.
Applications: All general engineering applications requiring a higher strength than mild steel such as shafts, axles, bolts, etc.
Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn)
Imperial (inches)
Rounds (cold drawn)
Metric (mm)
Rounds (Black)
Metric (mm)
5/16
3/8
7/16
10
12
16
40
45
50
60
65
1/2
9/16
5/8
20
25
30
70
75
80
90
100
3/4
7/8
1
35
40
45
105
110
120
130
140
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
50
55
60
150
160
170
180
190
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
65
70
75
200
210
220
230
240
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
80
90
100
250
260
280
290
300
110
115
120
310
320
340
370
400
4
130
420
Before ordering black material, note comments on machining allowances (Refer to page 28).
Fletcher Easysteel Page 16
Medium Tensile Steel:>
Medium Tensile Steel AISI 1040/45
Heat Treatment Procedures: AISI 1040 is available in either cold drawn or hot rolled condition. The cold finishing
process of ‘drawing’ does slightly improve the mechanical properties over those of a hot rolled bar. However, thermal
treatments must be employed if higher mechanical properties are required. AISI 1040 is suitable for surface hardening by
flame or induction methods. Hardness and tensile strength may also be further increased by conventional quenching and
tempering though the results are somewhat sensitive to the materials section size (see tempering diagrams).
Tempering200-650OC
Flame/Induction870-900OC
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr.
Air cool.
Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or
water quenching.
Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams).
Tempering should be carried out ‘immediately’ after quenching.
The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the
bar.
Quench immediately into oil or water.
Temper immediately at 150-200OC for maximum surface hardness.
Surface hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2
160
901400
140
781200
120
651000
100
500
%
kp/mm2
1031600
Hardness, Brinell
Test specimen 14mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
50
Test specimen 50mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
1031600
160
901400
140
781200
120
100
500
651000
%
kp/mm2
Annealing830-860OC
Normalising830-860OC
Hardening830-860OC
Remarks:
Hardness, Brinell
Thermal Temperature
Process:Range:
50
5280080
80 400 40
5280080
80 400 40
39 600660
60 300 30
39 600660
60 300 30
2640040
40 200 20
2640040
40 200 20
1320020
20 100 10
1320020
20 100 10
0 00
0 0
0 00
100
700
0
200 300 400 500 600
Tempering Temperature in OC
0 0
0
Fletcher Easysteel Page 17
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel AISI 4140
Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTHX, HTGI, HTGM
Rounds Supplied Black, Cold Drawn or Ground
Specifications: AISI 4140
JIS G 4105 SCM440
EN19
42CrMo 4
Tolerances: CD Bar: H10
CG Bar: All sizes to H8
Typical Analysis: C MnCr Mo
0.40%
0.8%
0.95% 0.25%
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 850 - 1000MPa
Yield approx 700 - 900MPa
Colour Code: White
Characteristics:
AISI 4140 quality is supplied in the heat treated condition with an ultimate tensile strength in the range
850-1000MPa, although with further heat treatment tensile strengths of 1150MPa can be obtained on sections up to 100mm
(4”). In the “as supplied”, heat treated condition this grade is used for a wide range of shafting and high tensile applications, it
possesses excellent toughness and is readily machineable. 4140 grade can also be nitrided to approximately 60 Rockwell ‘C’
surface hardness or alternatively flame or induction hardened to approximately 58HRC surface hardness.
Applications:
Medium to heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, rods, spindles, crow bars, nuts, etc.
Size Range:
Rounds (cold drawn) Metric (mm)
10
12
16
20
25
30
35
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
40
45
50
55
20
24
30
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
Rounds (black) Metric (mm)
90
100
105
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
240
250
260
270
280
300
320
340
360
400
420
20
25
30
35
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
Ground Metric (mm)
40
See over page for Hexagon and imperial sizes and ranges.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 18
45
50
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel AISI 4140
Hexagon (cold drawn & HT) Imperial (inches)
5/8 AF
3/4 AF
7/8 AF
1 AF
1 1/8 AF
1 1/4 AF
1 1/2 AF
1 3/4 AF
2 AF
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
Rounds (cold drawn) Imperial (inches)
3/8
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
4
5/8
1
1
1/8
1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
Ground Imperial (inches)
1
1 3/8
1 1/2
4
Heat Treatment Procedures: Although AISI 4140 is supplied in the already heat treated condition at a tensile
strength of 850-1000MPa, there will inevitably be certain applications where a higher strength is required or where a higher
surface hardness is needed to withstand abrasion. The following recommendations are intended as a guide to further thermal
treatments. Note: Before any further ‘through hardening’ treatments are carried out the material should first be annealed.
Annealing850-880OC
Normalising850-880OC
Hardening850-880OC
Tempering200-650OC
Flame/Induction870-900OC
Hardening
Remarks:
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr.
Air cool.
Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil or
water quenching.
Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams).
Tempering should be carried out immediately after quenching.
The tempering time being at least 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the
bar. Quench immediately into oil or water. Temper immediately at 150-200OC
for maximum surface hardness obtainable 54-60 HRC.
Tempering Diagram:
TS1 N/mm2
130 2000
Tempering Diagram:
Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
200
TS1 N/mm2
130 2000
Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
200
180
115 1800
180
103 1600
160
103 1600
160
901400
140
901400
140
781200
120
651000
kp/mm2
115 1800
100
%
781200
100
651000
kp/mm2
Thermal Temperature
Process:Range:
120
100
%
100
52 80080
80 80
52 80080
80 80
39 60060
60 60
39 60060
60 60
26 40040
40 40
26 40040
40 40
13 20020
20 20
13 20020
0 0
0 00
100
700
0 00
100
700
200 300 400 500 600
Tempering Temperature in OC
20 20
200 300 400 500 600
Tempering Temperature in OC
0 0
Fletcher Easysteel Page 19
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel AISI 4340
Product Shortname: HTI, HTM, HTGI, HTGM
Rounds Supplied Black and Centreless Ground
Specifications: AISI 4340
JIS G 4103 SNCM439
EN24
40CrNiMo6
Tolerances: CG Bar: All sizes to H8
Typical Analysis: C MnNi Cr Mo
0.4%0.7%1.85% 0.8%0.25%
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 950 - 1100MPa Yield approx 680 - 750MPa
Colour Code:
Black
Characteristics:
AISI 4340 is supplied in the heat treated condition with a tensile strength in the range 950-1100MPa.
This grade has a high hardenability enabling it to be used for high tensile applications in large sections. AISI 4340 can be flame
or induction hardened to produce a surface hardness of approximately 58 HRC.
Applications: High strength machine parts, collets, spindles, high tensile bolts and studs, gears, pinions, axle shafts, tappets, crankshafts, connecting rods, arbors, etc. Centreless Ground can be used where tight tolerances, e.g. bearing
fits, are required whilst at the same time having the high tensile strength.
Size Range:
Rounds (black) Metric (mm)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
105
110
120
130
140
150
160
180
200
210
220
250
280
300
320
340
380
400
420
Rounds (centreless ground) Metric (mm)
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
Rounds (centreless ground) Imperial (inches)
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
Before ordering black material please note comments on machining allowances. (Refer page 28.)
Fletcher Easysteel Page 20
3
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel AISI 4340
Heat Treatment Procedures: As with AISI 4140, AISI 4340 is also supplied in the heat treated condition but to
the higher strength level of 950-1100MPa. If higher tensile strengths are required, or if a higher level of surface hardness
is desirable, this can be achieved by the thermal treatments outlined below. Note: Before any further ‘through hardening’
treatments are carried out, the material should first be annealed.
Annealing820-860 C
Normalising820-860OC
Hardening820-860OC
O
Tempering200-650OC
Flame/Induction850-880OC
Remarks:
Cool slowly in furnace at not more than 65OC/hr.
Air cool.
Holding time in furnace should be 10mins/cm of ruling section followed by oil
quenching.
Temperature depends on required hardness (see tempering diagrams). Tempering
should be carried out immediately after quenching. The tempering time being at
least 1 hour per 25mm of section.
Heating should be rapid in order to localise the heating effect to the surface of the
bar. Quench immediately into oil. Temper immediately at 150-200OC. Surface
hardness obtainable 56-60 HRC.
Tempering Diagram:
Tempering Diagram:
Test specimen 35mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
200
TS1 N/mm2
130 2000
115 1800
180
115 1800
180
103 1600
160
103 1600
160
901400
140
901400
140
781200
120
kp/mm2
TS1 N/mm2
130 2000
781200
120
651000
100
%
100
651000
Test specimen 100mm O quenched in oil from 860OC
200
kp/mm2
Thermal Temperature
Process:Range:
100
%
100
52 80080
80 80
52 80080
80 80
39 60060
60 60
39 60060
60 60
26 40040
40 40
26 40040
40 40
13 20020
20 20
13 20020
20 20
0 0
0 00
100
700
0 00
100
700
200 300 400 500 600
Tempering Temperature in OC
200 300 400 500 600
Tempering Temperature in OC
0 0
Fletcher Easysteel Page 21
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel AISI P20
Product Shortname: MOLD, MLDF (Flat)
Supplied Hardened, Tempered and Stress Relieved
Supplied Black or Premachined
Flats, Squares and Rounds
Specifications: AISI P20
DIN 1.2311/1.2738
Typical Analysis: C
Mn
Cr
Mo
Ni (2738)
0.40%1.5%1.9%0.2%1.0%
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 950-1100MPa
Colour Code:
2311 Red
2312 Red/White
2738 Red/Yellow
Characteristics:
Although predominantly used in tooling applications in the plastic mould industry, these steels are also
suited for use in applications where a high tensile strength is the prime requirement. These steels are supplied in the hardened
and tempered condition with a tensile strength of 950-1100MPa. Further heat-treatment can produce tensile strength of
1400MPa in sections up to 100mm (4”) and 1200MPa in sections as large as 200mm (8”). In the as-supplied heat-treated
condition this grade possesses excellent toughness and endurance strength and is therefore also ideally suited for high tensile
applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc. It may be nitrided to produce a surface hardness of 60 Rockwell ‘C’
and flame or induction hardened to 58 Rockwell ‘C’.
Applications:
Size Range:
High tensile applications such as heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, etc.
Rounds - Metric (mm)
25
35
45
50
65
80
90
100
110
Flats (mm)
25
35
Metric - Flats (mm)
45
50
We can cross cut to your specific requirements.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 22
70
75
80
100
130
150
200
High Tensile Steel:>
High Tensile Steel DIN 1.2767
Product Shortname: MLDH, MHTF (Flat)
Rounds and Flats supplied Annealed
Specifications: En30B types
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 770-930MPa
Typical Analysis: Colour Code:
C
Cr
Mo
Ni 0.45%1.4% 0.3%4.0%
Grey/Purple
Characteristics:
DIN 2767 is supplied in the annealed condition, but is capable of being hardened to a tensile strength
in excess of 1500MPa and is therefore ideal for applications where ultra high tensile strengths are required. The chemical
make-up of this steel enables it to be air hardened or ‘vacuum hardened’ with a minimum of distortion. DIN 2767 also displays
excellent polishability and high toughness and can be successfully carburised.
Applications: After heat treatment this grade is used for applications involving high tensile strengths in conjunction with
extremely good toughness used where the strength of 4340 is not sufficient, such as shafts, axles, gears, etc. Can also be
used for gears requiring shock resistance.
Size Range:
Rounds - Metric (mm)
16
20.5
25
30
35.8
40
50
96
111.5
Heat Treatment Procedures:
Hot Forming:
Hot forming OCCooling
1050-850
slow, e.g. in furnace
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing OC
Cooling
Hardness HB
610-650
furnace
max. 260
Hardening
from OC
in
Hardness after
quenching HRC
840-870
oil, air or hot bath 56
180-220OC
Tempering OC
100 200300400 500600
HRC
56 54 50 46
42 38
Fletcher Easysteel Page 23
Case Hardening Steel:>
Carburising Steel En36A, En39B
Product Shortname: CASE
Products supplied Annealed
Specifications: En36A - AISI 3310 En39B- AISI 9310
- BS665 A12
- BS835 M15
- JIS 94102 SNCM220
- JIS 94102 SNCM815
Typical Analysis: CMnSi NiCr
En36A 0.15% 0.5% 0.2% 3.25%,0.85%
CMnSi NiCr Mo
En39B 0.15%0.5% 0.2% 4.2%0.85% 0.2%
Colour Code: En36A - Yellow/Brown
En39B - Orange/Brown
Characteristics:
Case hardening steels with high core strengths. En39B has the higher core strength and toughness after
heat treatment. In addition to case hardening both grades are also used in the through hardened condition for high tensile
applications. Supplied in the annealed state, approx 269 HB.
Applications: Components requiring good wear resistance and a tough core, i.e. carburised splined shafts, piston pins,
camshafts, guide pins.
Size Range:
En36A Rounds - Metric (mm)
22
25
33
40
50
55
60
70
75
80
90
100
105
120
140
150
170
180
200
210
220
260
310
25
33
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
80
90
100
105
120
130
140
150
160
180
185
200
210
220
240
260
300
310
320
350
En39B Rounds - Metric (mm)
Fletcher Easysteel Service Centres have the ability to cut to your specific requirements.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 24
Case Hardening Steel:>
Carburising Steel En36A, En39B
Thermal Temperature Process:Range:
Remarks:
Annealing 820-860ºC
Carburising880-930ºC
For 1 hour per 25mm of section, slow furnace cool at no more than 65OC/hour.
The following table indicates approximate case depths achievable:
Time in hours at the stated carburising temperature to produce the given case-depth
Case Depth
880OC
900OC
925OC
(inches)
Solid
Gas
Solid
Salt
Gas
Solid
Gas
0.01
1.5
0.65
1.2
0.6
0.45
0.8
0.35
0.02
2.4
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.0
0.03
6.0
4.5
4.4
4.0
3.2
2.7
2.25
0.04
10.7
8.0
7.8
7.2
5.25
4.8
4.0
0.06
24.0
18.0
17.6
16.0
12.0
10.8
9.0
0.08
43.0
32.0
31.2
-
21.0
19.2
16.0
0.10
67.0
50.0
52.0
-
33.0
30.0
25.0
Post Carburising Treatments:
Treatment ‘A’
(Direct oil quench)
Treatment ‘B’
(For maximum dimensional stability)
Oil quench direct from
Air cool direct from carburising carburising temperature and
temperature and temper at 200OC
temper at 200OC for 1 hour
for 1 hour per 25mm of section.
per 25mm of section.
Treatment ‘C’
(Single refine)
Air cool from carburising temperature.
Reheat to 850-880OC and oil quench.
Temper at 200OC for 1 hour per 25mm
of section.
Note: For most applications treatment ‘C’ would be the recommended procedure.
Typical Results: Case hardness up to 64 HRC.
Core strength up to 1300MPa tensile.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 25
Phosphor Bronze:>
Phosphor Bronze LG2
Product Shortname: BZHB, BZR
Specifications: BS 1400 LG2
Typical Analysis: SAE 40
JIS H5111-BC6
DIN 1705-RG5
AS 1565 83600
ASTM A505 & B271-83600
ISO 1338-CuPb5Sn52n5
CuSn Zn Pb P
85% 5% 5% 5.0%0.05%
Characteristics:
Phosphor bronze LG2 (leaded gunmetal) is the common general purpose bearing grade particularly for
general resistance to pick up or sticking with ferrous material in slow or medium friction applications. Its excellent machineability, and freedom from gas and porosity enable complicated parts to be made. E xcellent resistance to general corrosion.
Applications: Bushes and bearings in equipment, irrigation, bearing rings, hydraulic control equipment, hydraulic ram components, crank gears, valve seats, wear rings.
Size Range: All standard sizes in round (solids) from 25.5mm - 101mm
All standard sizes in cored hollow bar from 1” x 1/2” to 4” x 3.5”
(Other sizes on application)
Typical Mechanical Properties
UTS
Yield
Elongation
Hardness
Centrifugally Cast
270Mpa
120Mpa
20%
75BHN
Continuous Cast
300Mpa
120Mpa
20%
75BHN
Welding: Suitable for being joined by soldering and brazing.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 26
Oxyacetylene welding not recommended.
Engineering Steels
Dia.
INCHES
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
3
3 1/2
4
METRIC
10
12
16
20
24
25
30
33
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
105
110
115
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
185
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
340
350
360
370
380
400
420
MEDIUM TENSILE
1040 BLK
1040 CD
BLK
4140
CD
CG
BLK
4340
CASE
CG EN36A EN39B
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Engineering Steels:>
Forms of Supply & Machining Allowances
Our suppliers endeavour to meet the requirements of the market at all times. Apart from the black condition they can offer
tool steels in the premachined condition, which presents economic advantage in many cases. The production programmes are
subdivided into the following product groups:
• black condition
• premachined tool steels
• precision-machined tool steels
Current market analysis guarantees the consumer optimum stock in all common steel grades and sizes, annealed or heattreated with the necessary working strength or hardness.
The machined bars offer the customer the following advantages:
• no loading and soiling of the machines by rough machining
• flexible and improved time schedule
• ready-made for further processing, consequently shortening of tool production time
• significant reduction of the manufacturing costs
• indirect extension of capacity without further investment
• allocation of preliminary work to the tool steel supplier, thus freeing the toolmakers for other skilled work
Black condition
Material is produced under consideration of the common machining allowances indicated in DIN 17350, part 10 (draft 6/83).
When manufacturing tools sufficient allowance must be made for machining to remove scale which originated during forging,
rolling and annealing as well as decarburization and sometimes surface imperfections.
Premachined Tool Steels
Premachined tool steels offer to the user a smooth surface with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The
advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram shown on page 91. Depending on size 7 to 10% of the
weight can be saved.
Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal
and octagonal bars.
Largest
Finished Size
Thickness DR*
Basic Size
Thickness
DR*
Largest
Finished Size
Thickness DR*
Basic Size
Thickness
DR*
Largest
Finished Size
Thickness DR*
Basic Size
Thickness
DR*
Largest
Finished Size
Thickness DR*
10
8
45
41.5
120
113
240
228
12
10
50
46
130
123
250
237
14
12
55
51
140
132
260
247
15
12.5
60
55.5
150
142
300
285
16
13.5
65
60.5
160
151
350
333
18
15.5
70
65
170
161
400
380
20
17.5
75
70
180
170
450
428
22
19.5
80
75
190
180
500
476
25
22.5
85
80
200
189
600
571
30
27
90
84
210
199
35
32
100
94
220
209
40
36.5
110
103
230
218
Basic Size
Thickness
DR*
Cast Iron & Hollow Bar:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 29
Cast Iron:>
Cast Iron-Grey Iron 4E
Product Shortname: CI
Specifications: ASTM A.48 BS 1452
AS 1830
DIN 1691
JIS FC
Classes 35-40
Grade 17
T 250
GG35
25
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 220-260MPa
Colour Code:
Gold
Characteristics:
A continuously cast bar with a uniform partial pearlitic structure from surface to core. Ideally suited to
high speed machining and provides significantly longer tool life.
Applications:
Pistons, bearings, manifolds, brushings, gears, pulleys etc
Size Range:
Grey Iron - Metric (mm)
35
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
95
100
105
110
120
130
140
150
160
180
185
200
220
250
285
310
360
420
*Other sizes, grades, squares, flats, hollow bar and profiles also available on indent
Fletcher Easysteel Page 30
Cast Iron:>
Cast Iron-SG Iron 3D
Product Shortname: CI
Specifications: ASTM A.536
BS 2789
AS 1831
DIN 1693
JIS Fc
65-45-12
SNG 27/12
400-250-12
GGG 40
D45
Mechanical Properties: UTS approx 415MPa
Colour Code:
Gold/White
Characteristics:
A higher strength cast bar due to the spheroidal or nodular nature of the graphite (as opposed to the flake
structure of Grey Iron). A ductile and easily machined material.
Applications: Products requiring corrosion resistant and shock resistance. Pump bodies, glass moulds, sprockets, heavy
duty gears and motors, etc.
Size Range:
SG Iron - Metric (mm)
55
60
65
70
80
90
95
100
105
110
120
130
140
150
155
160
180
190
200
220
240
260
285
310
360
*Other sizes, grades, squares, flats, hollow bar and profiles also available on indent
Fletcher Easysteel Page 31
Hollow Bar:>
Hollow Bar Mecaplus 470
Product Shortname: HB
Proprietary Material - Condition as rolled
Typical Analysis: C
Si
Mn
P
S
Al
0.16-0.22 0.10-0.501.30-1.70≤0.0300.015-0.050≥0.010
Colour Code:
Nb
V
Ti
≤0.070.08-0.15-
147M - Orange / 470M - Purple
Mecaplus 470 is a seamless hot finished hollow bar. EN 10294-1 now for the first time includes a machinability minimum,
which Mecaplus 470 not only meets but exceeds, giving longer tool life, increased cutting speed and better swarf
fragmentation.
Description: It is produced to EN10294-1, which prescribes that the descibed size is a gauranteed cleaned turn size (CTS).
This is a change from the traditional method of desciption being the physical size. We have included both dimensions for your
reference.
Mechanical Properties (At room temperature) Minimum guarantees
WT
<16mm
<25mm
<40mm
<50mm
<65mm
Elongation A%
Yield Rp 0.2 (MPa)
470
460
430
430
400
17 (15)2
UTS Rm (MPa)
650
620
600
550
550
15 (13)2
Elongation A% Long. 17 (15) Trans. 15 (13)
Heat Treatment
Normalising
Hardening
ºC
ºC
900 to 960
Quenching & Tempering
Cooling in
still air
900 to 960
Quenching
in water
Stress Relieving
Tempering
ºC
580 to 700
Cooling in
still air
ºC
530 to 580
The workpieces must be evenly heated to the specified temperature over their entire cross section.
No further soaking is required in normalizing and hardening.
For stress relieving and tempering a minimum soaking time of 30 minutes is required.
Note: The steel grade MecaVal® 470M is a medium tensile and in accordance with specification EN 10294-1.
The above specification is an extract of the technical data sheet MOS 051R which is available to you upon request.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 32
Cooling in
still air
Hollow Bar:>
Size Range: Sizes listed are clean turned sizes as per EN 10294-1.
Guaranteed CTS Based on OD Chucking
Delivered Size
OD
(mm)
ID
(mm)
30
35
40
50
55
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
115
120
125
130
140
150
160
180
190
200
220
230
250
WT
(mm)
15
20
20
25
26
30
35
30
35
40
35
45
40
45
50
55
60
40
55
45
55
65
70
50
70
45
65
60
70
80
65
80
90
90
100
75
95
100
85
105
85
100
120
95
115
105
150
160
125
150
155
180
170
190
OD
(mm)
WT
(mm)
weight per
metre (kg/m)
G
uaranteed CTS Based
on ID Chucking
OD (mm)
ID
(mm)
7.5 31.8 9.8 5.31729.5 14.2
7.5
36.5
9.7
6.411
34.2
19.2
10 41.312.38.79638.819.0
7.5
9.6 7.505 39.0 24.2
12
51.3
14.4
12.100
48.6
25
10 51.312.311.82948.829.0
7.5
6.9 7.555 49.3 39.4
12.5 57.115.515.90154.228.6
10 57.112.713.90554.534.0
7.5 57.110.011.61554.839.2
15 66.517.821.37763.433.6
1012.416.54363.944.0
15 71.317.822.48468.238.4
12.515.120.92768.543.6
12.515.122.78973.548.6
1012.319.41273.854.0
7.5 76.3
9.6 15.790 74.0 59.2
20 81.522.332.55577.840.1
12.514.523.95778.554.9
20 86.522.335.30582.841.5
1517.229.39483.345.8
12.514.527.53338.564.9
1011.923.35988.870.0
22.524.943.96592.550.0
12.514.529.32193.569.9
27.5101.630.253.17497.044.9
17.519.739.78798.065.2
22.524.950.167
102.560.1
17.519.742.216
103.070.2
12.514.532.932
103.580.0
25116.627.660.575
112.265.0
17.519.947.454
113.079.8
1517.344.539
118.390.0
17.519.751.981
123.090.3
12.5 14.6 40.360 123.5 100.1
27.5131.730.375.766
126.975.1
17.519.954.864
128.094.9
15 17.3 54.805 128.3 100.0
27.530.383.313
136.985.1
17.5 19.8 59.569 138.0 105.4
32.5151.835.6
102.012
146.485.1
25 27.7 84.770 147.2 100.2
15 17.3 57.380 148.2 120.1
32.535.6
110.878
156.495.1
22.5 25.1 84.675 157.5 115.3
37.5
40.9
152.212
174.9
105.1
15 17.4 70.584 178.2 150.2
15
17.7
76.253
188.2
160.7
37.5
41.2
163.880
195.8
125.7
25 28.1 120.850 197.2 150.9
32.5
39.1
177.028
214.4
148.8
25
32.0
160.112
227.6
174.9
40
47.6
240.984
243.2
162.4
30 36.5 194.779 244.8 184.2
Hydraulic Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 34
Hard Chrome Bar:>
Hard Chrome Bar
Product Shortname: HCBI, HCBM
Specifications: ASI 1442 - K1045
CK45
Typical Analysis: C MnSi S P
0.43%0.10%0.10%0.05%0.05%
Colour Code:
Red
Characteristics:
Supplied in 1045 grade as a medium strength bar with a thin layer of chrome plating (25 microns*). Has
wear resistance and tight tolerance (f7) on surface finish.
Applications:
Used primarily for hydraulic ram applications.
Size Range:
Imperial (inches)
1/2
5/8
3/4
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 3/4
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/2
4
4 1/2
5
6
12
16
2
Metric (mm)
20
22
25
30
32
35
40
45
50
80
90
100
105
110
115
55
60
65
70
75
120
125
130
140
150
Tolerances:
Straightness: 0.5:1000mm
Surface Roughness: Ra>0.2µm, Rt>0.3µm Finish: f7
Diameter
(mm)
f7 (mm)
Diameter
(mm)
f7 (mm)
Diameter
(mm)
f7 (mm)
Over 3
-0.010 min
Over 18
-0.020 min
Over 80
-0.036 min
Up to 6
-0.022 max
Up to 30
-0.041 max
Up to 120
-0.071 max
Over 6
-0.013 min
Over 30
-0.024 min
Over 120
-0.043 min
Up to 10
-0.028 max
Up to 50
-0.050 max
Up to 180
-0.083 max
Over 10
-0.016 min
Over 50
-0.030 min
Over 180
-0.050 min
Up to 18
-0.034 max
Up to 80
-0.060 max
Up to 250
-0.096 max
4140, 4140 induction hardened and 1045 induction hardened also available on an indent basis. *MICRON: One millionth of a
metre and another term for micrometre. An easy conversion scheme is to remember that 25.4 microns=0.0254mm=0.001”=1
mil=1,000microninches.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 35
Cylinder Tube:>
Hydraulic Cylinder Tube
Product Shortname: HCTI, HCTM
Specifications: S T 52, Stress relieved
Typical Analysis: CMnSi
22%
1.5%
S P
0.02-0.04% 0.03% - max
0.50%
Mechanical Properties: UTS >600, Yield >520
Characteristics: Seamless cold drawn or ERW DOM welded tubes, with inside diameter
to H8. Designed for hydraulic cylinder applications.
Size Range:
Inside Diameter x Wall Thickness - Imperial (inches)
1
1/2
x
1/4
3 1/2 x 5/16
4
1/2
x
1/4
6 x 1/2
2x
1/4
3 1/2 x 3/8
4
1/2
x
5/16
2 1/4 x 1/4
2 1/2 x 1/4
3 x 1/4
3 x 5/16
3 x 3/8
3 1/2 x 1/4
3 1/2 x 1/2
4 x 1/4
4 x 5/16
4 x 3/8
4 x 1/2
4 1/4 x 1/4
5/16
3/8
4
1/2
x
3/8
4
1/2
x
1/2
5x
5x
5
1/2
x
3/8
6 x 3/8
8 x 1/2
Inside Diameter x Wall Thickness - Metric (mm)
63 x 6
80 x 7.5
80 x 10
90 x 7.5
90 x 10
110 x 10
110 x 12.5
120 x 10
120 x 12.5
130 x 10
100 x 10
100 x 12.5
Tolerances:
Straightness: 0.5:1000mm
Surface Roughness: Ra>0.2µm, Rt>0.3µm Finish: Inside diameter to h8
*Other finishes and sizes also available on an indent basis.
*Pre cut and pre machined, also available on an indent basis.
Note: Skiving and Roller burnishing and honing are two different preocesses to the same end result - H8 ID tubes and therefore
should be interchangeable.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 36
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 37
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
The Blanking Clearance:
To prevent the piece to be manufactured
being upset, and to keep the friction low
during the cutting operation, the opening of
the cutting plate has to be somewhat larger
than the cross-section of the cutting punch.
The distance between the cutting edges of
the plate and the punch is designated as
blanking clearance. Its size is dependent
on the properties and the thickness of the
sheet to be cut as well as on the blanking
procedure. The narrower the blanking
clearance, the smoother is the cut surface.
With the blanking clearance being too small,
the power required largely rises because
of the increased friction and the upsetting
of the material to be processed. This may
lead to premature blunt edges or to chipping
of the cutting edges. A blanking clearance
that is too large is disadvantageous as well,
since the material to be cut may be pressed
into the gaps resulting in heavy explosive
stresses which may cause a premature
rupture of the cutting plates. In the diagram
reference data for the blanking clearance
as a function of the sheet thickness are
indicated for conventional and precision
blankings. When blanking soft materials
the blanking clearance should range at the
lower limit of the respective scattering zone,
whereas it should be at the upper limit when
blanking materials with a higher strength.
Recommended blanking clearance as a
function of sheet thickness
1.6
1.4
blanking clearance in mm
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.015
0.010
0.005
02468101214
16
sheet thickness in mm
A = standard blanking B = precision blanking
Fletcher Easysteel Page 38
Recommended Steels for Blanking Dies and Punches:
Material to be cut
Thickness DIN Spec
Working
in mm
Hardness
HRC
steel sheets and strips up to 6
aluminium and Al-alloys
copper and Cu-alloys up to 12
over 12
transformer and
up to 6
dynamo sheets
and strips
austenitic steels
up to 4
up to 6
up to 12
over 12
precision blanking
up to 4
dies for sheets and
strips from
up to 6
metallic materials
up to 10
plastics, wood, rubber, leather,
textiles, paper
1.2379
1.2842
1.2550
1.2767
1.2379
56-60
56-60
54-58
48-52
58-62
1.2379
1.3343
1.2379
1.3343
1.2550
1.2767
1.2379
1.3343
1.2379
1.3343
1.2379
1.3343
1.2379
1.2550
1.2842
60-63
60-64
58-62
58-62
54-58
50-54
60-63
60-64
58-62
58-62
56-60
56-60
58-63
54-58
58-63
Accessory Tooling:
Tool
DIN Spec
pressure part, pressure 1.2842
pad intermediate plate
stripper
1.2842
stripper plate
1.2399S
spring bolt
1.2842
guide bolt
1.2162
guide column ejector pin
1.2210
ejector plate
1.2842
punch holder
1.2399S
base plate
hold down fixture
1.2379
1.2842
Working Hardness
in HRC resp.
Working Strength
in N/mm2
56-60 HRC
58-60 HRC
approx. 900 N/mm2
58-62 HRC
58-60 HRC
56-60 HRC
56-60 HRC
approx. 900 N/mm2
58-62 HRC
58-62 HRC
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
Blanking Dies:
Blanking dies cut the material by a
shearing effect. Cutting edges of a definite
shape move along side by side separating
the material.
The design of a blanking die is mainly
dependent on the required accuracy and
number of the pieces to be cut as well as
on its type and grade.
For illustrating the tool design a guide
blanking die column type is represented in
the diagram.
In the blanking procedure only about one
third of the sheet thickness is cut, whereas
the residual thickness breaks away
due to the tensile stresses. Dependent
on the sheet thickness, steel grade
and strength as well as the size of the
blanking clearance a more or less harp
burr generates which usually requires a
remachining of the cut edge.
pressure part
spring bolt
pressure pad
guide pin
pressure pad
punch holder plate
cutting die
hold down fixture
piercing punch
forming punch
ejector
stripper plate
cutting punch
guide column
base plate
Standard blanking die in comparison with precision blanking die
standard blanking die
Essentially more precise edges may be
attained with precision blanking dies.
They require, of course, precise tool guides
very firmly built, since the clearance
between the cutting punch and the die
must be kept very low. Precision blanking
dies necessitate a hold-down fixture or a
pressing plate fitted with annular teeth,
particularly in the case of greater sheet
thicknesses. Moreover, a counterpressure
punch simultaneously performing
the function of the ejector pin will be
necessary. Tensile stresses in the blanking
clearance are avoided by this tool design
and the sheet is sheared throughout the
entire thickness. Precision blanking die
components have right-angled smooth
cutting edges and are distinguished by an
excellent planeness.
piercing punch
piece
piercing die
precision blanking die
piercing punch
guide or pressing plate
fitted with annular teeth
annular tooth
piece
piercing die *)
counter-punch and
ejector pin
*) From 4mm of material
thickness annular teeth
shall be fitted on the
pressing and cutting plate.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 39
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
AISI D2 (DIN 1.2379)
Product Shortname: D2, D2F
Rounds/Flats Annealed
DIN-Material Number: 1.2379.
Specifications:
Typical Analysis: Colour Code:
X 155 CrVMo 12 1.
AISI: D2,
BS: BD2,
JIS: SKD 2.
CuCr Mo V
1.55%12.0% 0.7% 1.0%
Red/Green
Steel Properties: Ledeburitic-high-carbon high-chromium steel. Highest wear resistance, good toughness. In comparison
with DIN 1.2601 improved edge-holding quality and retention to tempering; the steel can be nitrided after a special heat
treatment.
Characteristics:
1.2379 (AISI D2) is a high carbon, high chromium cold work steel which is extremely stable in heat treatment, and develops high toughness and edge holding qualities in the h ardened and tempered condition. 1.2379 exhibits deep
hardening characteristics making it suitable for either air or vacuum hardening on most sizes.
Applications: Thread rolling dies, cold extrusion tools, blanking and stamping tools for sheet thicknesses up to 6mm.
Deep drawing tools, circular shear blades, etc.
Size Range:
Rounds D2 - Metric (mm)
16
22
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
65
70
75
81
91
100
105
111
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
232
240
260
270
290
300
310
320
330
360
380
400
Flats - Metric (mm)
16
25
30
40
50
Note: We will be pleased to cross-cut your requirements from stock sizes of flats.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 40
75
80
110
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
AISI D2
Physical Properties:
10–6 x m
20-100
20-200 20-300
20-400OC
m x OC10.511.5
11.912.2
20 350700OC
Thermal Conductivity J
cm x s x OC0.167 0.2050.242
Thermal expansion
Hot Forming:
Hot forming OCCooling
1050-850
slow, e.g. in furnace
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing OC
Cooling
830-860
Hardness HB
furnace
max. 250
Hardening
from OCin
1000-1050
oil, air or hot bath
500-550OC
Hardness after quenching
HRC
63
O
Tempering
C 100200300400500525550600
HRC 6361585858605650
Special Heat Treatment: Hardening
from OCin
1050-1080
oil, air or hot bath
500-550OC
Tempering
(three times)
61
O
C 100200300400500525550600
HRC 6160585962625750
Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram
1200
Hardness after quenching
HRC
Tempering Diagram
special heat treatment -
austenitizing temperature: 1030OC
---
1100
1000
70
900
66
800
Hardness in HRC
62
Temperature in OC
700
58
600
54
500
50
400
300
46
200
42
100
0
38
1 10102103104105106
Seconds
1
10
100
1000
10 000
Time
Minutes
34
0 100200300400500600700800
Tempering Temperature in OC
30
Fletcher Easysteel Page 41
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
AISI A2 (DIN 1.2363)
Product Shortname: A2, A2F
Supplied Annealed - Rounds, Flats & Squares
DIN-Material Number: 1.2363.
Specifications: X 155 CrVMo 5 1.
Typical Analysis: AISI: A2.
CuCr Mo V
1.0%5.3% 1.1% 0.2%
Colour Code: Light Blue
Steel Properties: Low change in size upon heat treatment. High wear-resistance and toughness.
Characteristics: 2363 Fills the gap between 2510 and 2379, providing an ideal combination of wear resistance,
toughness, stability in hardening and machinability, for all press tooling applications. It is ideal for applications requiring an
improvement over oil hardening tool steels, especially in wear resistance, stability and risk of cracking in hardening without
the extra costs associated with high carbon chrome steels. 2363 exhibits deep hardening characteristics making it suitable for
either air or vacuum hardening in most sizes.
Applications:
Size Range:
Blanking dies, rolls, shear blades, cold pilger mandrels, cold coining dies. Moulds for the processing of plastics.
Rounds A2 - Metric (mm)
20.5
28.8
30.8
35.8
151.5
182
212
282.5
Fletcher Easysteel Page 42
40.8
55.8
81
91
100
102.5
Cold Work Tool Steels:>
AISI A2
Physical Properties:
Thermal Conductivity
J
20 350700OC
cm x s x OC
0.1580.2670.291
Hot Forming:
Hot forming OCCooling
1050-850
slow, e.g. in air
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing OC
Cooling
830-840
Hardness HB
furnace
max. 231
Hardening
from OCin
930-970
oil, air or hot bath
500-550OC
Hardness after quenching
HRC
63
O
Tempering
C 100100200400500600
HRC 616260575952
Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram
Tempering Diagram
1200
70
1100
66
1000
62
800
700
600
500
400
58
Hardness in HRC
Temperature in OC
900
50
46
42
300
38
200
34
100
0
54
30
1 10102103104105106
Seconds
Time
1
10
100
1000
10 000
Minutes
0 100200300400500600700800
Tempering Temperature in OC
Fletcher Easysteel Page 43
Notes:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 44
Hot Work Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 45
Hot Work Steels:>
AISI H13 (DIN 1.2344) EFS
(Extra Fine Structure)
Product Shortname: HOT, HOTF
Supplied Annealed - Rounds & Flats
DIN-Material Number:
1.2344.
Specifications: X40 CrMoV 5 1.
AISI: H 13,
Typical Analysis: BS: BH 13,
JIS: SKD 61.
C Si Cr Mo V
0.4%1.0% 5.3% 1.4% 1.0%
Colour Code: Orange, Green
Steel Properties: High hot tensile strength, hot wear-resistance and toughness. Good thermal conductivity and
insensitiveness to hot cracking. Suitable for limited water-cooling.
Characteristics:
DIN 1.2344 EFS is of the H13 type and as such is the most widely used of all the hot die steels. This
grade offers a good resistance to softening, up to 600OC, combined with good s tability in hardening and high toughness,
making it suitable not only for hot die applications b ut also plastic moulds. The EFS grade of material offers a more uniform,
finer structure with an improved degree of cleanliness, and improved concentration of alloying elements.
Applications: Plastic moulds, extrusion and die casting tooling, hot shear blades, parts requiring high tensile strength and
high nitrided hardness. Universally applicable hot work steel. Pressure casting and metal extrusion tools for the processing of
light metals, forging dies, moulds, worms, and cylinders for the processing of plastics, nitrided ejectors, hot shear blades.
Size Range:
Rounds HOT - Metric (mm)
45
50
55
110
131.5
155.5
202
232
250
380
With the increasing need to provide the ultimate in hot work properties for the die casting and related industries, 2344 EFS
Supra is now also available.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 46
Hot Work Steels:>
AISI H13 (DIN 1.2344) EFS (Extra Fine Structure)
Physical Properties:
Thermal Expansion
20-100
20-200
20-300
10–6 x m
m x OC10.911.912.3
20-40020-50020-60020-700OC
12.713.013.313.5
J
20
350
700OC
Thermal Conductivity cm x s x OC
0.2450.2680.288
Hot Forming: Hot forming OCCooling
1100-900
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing CCoolingHardness HB
slow, e.g. in furnace
O
750-800
Hardening
from OC
1000-1050
furnacemax. 230
Hardness or tensile strength after quenching
in
HRCN/mm2
air, oil or 541910
hot bath
500-550OC
Tempering OC 100200300400450500550 600 650700
HRC53
525254565654 50 4732
N/mm2 1850179017901910205020501910 1670 13301020
Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram
70
1100
66
1000
62
800
700
600
500
400
Hardness in HRC
Temperature in OC
900
300
200
100
0 1 10102103104105106
Seconds
1 10102103104
Time
Minutes
Tempering Diagram
58
620
54
550
50
485
46
435
42
390
38
355
34
320
30
Hardness in HRC
1200
290
0 100200300400500600700800
Tempering Temperature in OC
Fletcher Easysteel Page 47
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 48
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Increasing demands with regard to the tools in plastic moulding ask for the specific development of tool steels having certain
service properties for different ranges of application.
Tools for the processing of plastics are mainly stressed with regard to pressure and wear. According to the type of plastics,
there may in addition exist a stressing by corrosion. The various types of plastics and different processing methods set
requirements on the tool steel, as for instance:
• Economic machinability or cold-hobbing ability
• Smallest change in size upon heat treatment
• Good polishability
• Great compressive strength
• High wear resistance
• Sufficient corrosion-resisting quality
The selection of a steel for a given tool is governed by these requirements. The current tool steels for plastic moulding are
indicated in the list below. These steels meet nearly all requirements.
Steel Selection:
Case hardening steels: Apart from a proper design and a heat treatment adapted to the respective steel grade the selection of
a suitable steel is decisive for the efficiency of a tool. The case hardening steels offer excellent polishability and machinability.
Therefore injection moulds as well as compression moulds are chiefly made from polishable case-hardening steels possessing
high wear-resistance in the carburized case combined with good toughness in the core.
DIN Spec
Aust. Stand.
AISI/SAE
Case-hardening steels
1.2764
P 100 A
~P2
Chemical Composition (Typical Analysis in %)
C
Si
Mn
S
Cr
Mo
Ni
V
Co
Ti
Al
0.18
0.2
0.4
-
1.2
0.2
4.0
-
-
-
-
Heat-treated steels
1.2311
P 20 A
P 20
0.40
-
1.5
-
1.9
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
1.2312
P 20 A + S
P 20 + S
0.40
-
1.5
0.05
1.9
0.2
-
-
-
-
-
0.40
-
1.5
0.05
1.9
1.2
1.0
-
-
-
-
420
0.42
-
-
-
13.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.40
1.0
-
-
5.3
1.4
-
1.0
-
-
-
1.2738
Corrosion-resistant steels
1.2083
420
Through-hardening steels
1.2344 EFS
H 13 A
H 13
1.2379
D2A
D2
1.55
-
-
-
12.0
0.7
-
1.0
-
-
-
1.2767
P6A
-
0.45
-
-
-
1.4
0.3
4.0
-
-
-
-
1.2510
01
01
0.95
-
1.1
-
0.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.35
-
-
-
1.7
0.2
1.0
-
-
-
1.0
-
18 MAR
300
<0.03
-
-
-
-
5.0
18.0
-
10.0
1.0
-
Nitriding steels
1.8550
Maraging steels
1.2709
Fletcher Easysteel Page 49
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Heat-treated steels:
Even with large sizes, sufficient core hardness can still be achieved. With the plastic parts becoming larger and larger, the
use of case-hardening steels makes the heat treatment of the moulds a difficult problem because of the dimensional changes
involved. Moreover, the number of articles to be made being frequently small, the production capacity of such moulds is not
fully utilized. Hence, one proceeded to cut the impression into a previously heat-treated block by a machining operation. Even
smaller sized moulds are now made by this method. A working strength of about 1100 N/mm2 has been found to give the best
results. As heat-treated steels and grades 2311, 2312 and 2711 have been developed. 2311 and 2711 are preferably used in
cases of high demand for polishability and for moulds with textured surfaces. 2312 is produced with increased S-content thus
offering an excellent machinability combined with good polishability.
Schematic plan of a
compression moulding
tool for plastics
Schematic plan of an
injection moulding
clamping plate
cavity plate
lead pin
pressure pad
blank
cavity plate
ejector pin
ejector plate
ejector base plate
clamping plate
centering flange
sprue bushing
clamping plate
cavity plate
lead pin
finish-moulded article
cavity plate
ejector pin
ejector plate
ejector base plate
clamping plate
Fletcher Easysteel Page 50
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Nitriding steels:
Nitriding steels are successfully used for screws and cylinders, since they have a tough core and a hard wear-resistant
surface. The aluminium-alloyed-nitriding steel 1.8850 presents a very high surface hardness.
Corrosion-resistant steels:
1.2083, a corrosion-resistant 13% chromium steel, is used for processing chemically active plastic materials.
Through-hardening steels:
Through-hardening steels are distinguished by high hardenability and compressive strength. Moreover, they are characterized
by a superior close tolerance upon heat treatment. Due to their high compressive strength they are best suited for plastic
moulds being subjected to high compressive forces. A significant advantage for these steels is given by the possibility of
carrying out greater machining operations after the heat treatment. Contrary to the case hardening steels in this case there
is no risk of wearing out a carburized surface zone resulting in a new heat treatment. The tool steel 1.2767 offers high
toughness and is used for adequately stressed moulds. Moreover this steel offers a good polishability, ability for photo etching
and eroding. Especially during heat treatment in vacuum furnaces it is distinguished by lowest size changes. 1.2344 EFS is
especially suitable for moulds and screws as it can be nitrided and still have a high core strength after nitriding. Due to its high
hot tensile strength also moulds and screws being subjected to a higher thermal load are successfully manufactured from this
steel. The grades 1.2379 and 1.2842 listed among the group of through-hardening steels are predominantly used for pressure
pads and smaller-sized plastic moulds when processing duroplastics of an abrasive nature.
2767 EFS Supra:
Where there is an extremely high requirement of polishability, ability for photo-etching and eroding, remelted tool steel is
recommended. Therefore, the grade. 1.2767 EFS SUPRA has been developed for mirror-polished plastic moulds, for finest
photo design and for texture-eroded surfaces. The dimensional stability during heat treatment was further improved compared
with the standard grade.
Recommended Steel for Compression and Injection Moulds
Material
Working strength or hardness (approx. values)
1.2162
surface hardness 60 HRC, core strength 1100 N/mm2
1.2311
1000 N/mm2
1.2312
1100 N/mm2
1.2083
56 HRC
1.2767
52 HRC
1.2344 EFS
50 HRC
1.2379
60 HRC
1.2842
60 HRC
1.2709
56 HRC (precipitation hardened)
Fletcher Easysteel Page 51
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Recommended Steels for accessories
Tool
Material
Working strength or hardness (approx. values)
Remarks
screw
1.8550
1000 N/mm2
nitrided
1.2344 EFS
1300 N/mm2
nitrided
1.2379
58 HRC
1.2344 EFS
1000 N/mm2
nitrided
1300 N/mm2
nitrided
cylinder
spruce bushing
1.2379
60 HRC
1.2842
60 HRC
centering flange, ejector plate
clamping plate, mould frame
1.2312
1200 N/mm2
pressure pad
1.2379
60 HRC
1.2842
60 HRC
ejector pin
1.2344 EFS
1450 N/mm2
lead pin
1.2842
60 HRC
Fletcher Easysteel Page 52
nitrided
Plastic Mould Steels:>
Alumec 89/Alumec 79
Product Shortname: ATOL
Colour Code: Alumec 89 - Yellow, Alumec 79 - Blue
Steel Properties:
(see chart below).
Alumec 89 has higher strength and wear properties than Alumec 79
Characteristics:
Alumec is a high strength aluminium alloy having uniform through
thickness properties. This high strength coupled with low density and enhanced machinability
makes Alumec ideally suited for many tooling applications. High metal removal rates are achieved by standard machining
methods along with EDM and in addition, Alumec can be further surface hardened or plated.
Applications: Used in areas where high strength/weight ratios are required and where heavy machining is to be carried
out, such as; injection moulding, blow moulding, rubber moulding, prototype tooling, jigs and fixtures, hydraulic manifold
systems.
Size Range:
Stocked in 2000mm x 1000mm sheets/plates - Metric (mm)
12.7
16
20
25
40
50
75
100
150
200
Mechanical Properties:
Thickness
Range (mm)
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
0.2% Proof Stress
(MPa)
Elongation
(%)
Brinell
Hardness
Rockwell B
Alumec79
Alumec89
Alumec79
Alumec89
Alumec79
Alumec89
Alumec79
Alumec89
Alumec79
Alumec89
> 6.35 - 25
545
600
485
555
10
11.5
167
180
86
90
> 25 - 50
520
580
455
530
9.5
9.5
159
174
84
89
> 75 - 100
500
570
430
520
9
8
152
174
82
89
> 100-125
480
560
400
515
8.5
7
149
174
81
89
> 125 - 167
465
550
375
500
8
4.5
143
174
79
89
> 167 - 205
435
510
340
450
7.5
5
131
159
74
84
> 205 - 305
410
460
310
400
7.5
4
123
146
70
80
* Alumec 99 also available on indent.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 53
Plastic Mould Steels:>
AISI P20 (DIN 1.2311)
Product Shortname: MOLD, MLDF
AISI P20 Supplied Heat Treated 950-1100MPa
DIN-Material Number: 1.2311
Specifications: 40 CrMnMo 7.
AISI: P20.
Typical Analysis: Colour Code: Red
Steel Properties:
CMn Cr Mo
0.4%1.5% 1.9% 0.2%
Quenched and tempered plastic mould steel. Hardness in condition as supplied 280-325 HB. Good
machinability, better polishability compared with 1.2312. Capable for texturing.
Characteristics:
1.2311 is supplied in the heat treated condition to a tensile strength of 950-1100MPa and by further heat
treatment a hardness level of approximately 50 HRC can be achieved. Improved wear resistance can be achieved by flame/
induction hardening to give a surface hardness of up to 54 HRC or by nitriding, to give a surface hardness of approximately 60
HRC w
hilst maintaining the high, as supplied core strength of 950-1100MPa. This grade offers excellent polishability and good
surface finish when subjected to electrical discharge machining (EDM) or texturing.
Applications:
Plastic mould, zinc die-casting tooling. High tensile application – heavy duty shafts, gears, axles, crusher rolls, bolts, etc. Plastic
moulds, mould frames for plastic moulds and pressure casting dies, sleeves of recipients.
Size Range:
Rounds MOLD - Metric (mm)
25
35
45
50
65
80
90
100
110
Flats - Metric (mm)
25
35
45
50
70
Note: We will be pleased to cross-cut your requirements.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 54
75
80
100
130
150
200
Plastic Mould Steels:>
AISI P20
Physical Properties:
10–6 x m
20-100
20-200
20-300
m x OC11.112.913.4
Thermal Expansion
20-40020-50020-60020-700OC
13.814.214.614.9
J
20
350
700OC
Thermal Conductivity cm x s x OC
0.3570.3340.320
Hot Forming: Hot forming OCCooling
1050-850
Heat Treatment:
Soft annealing CCoolingHardness HB
slow, e.g. in furnace
O
710-740
Hardening
from OC
840-870
furnacemax. 235
Hardness after quenching
in
HRCN/mm2
oil or
511730
hot bath
O
180-220 C
Tempering OC 100200300400 500 600700
HRC 51
504846 42 3628
N/mm2 173016701570148013301140 920
Tempering Diagram
70
66
62
58
Hardness in HRC
Temperature in OC
Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 1 10102103104105
Seconds
Time
1
10
100
1000
10 000
54
50
46
42
38
34
30
0100200300400500600700800
Tempering Temperature in OC
Fletcher Easysteel Page 55
Plastic Mould Steels:>
DIN 1.2767
Product Shortname: MLDH, MHTF
Supplied Annealed
DIN-Material Number: 1.2767.
Specifications:
Typical Analysis: X 45 NiCrMo 4.
BS:EN30B
CCr Mo Ni
0.45%1.4% 0.3% 4.0%
Colour Code: Grey/Purple
Steel Properties: Steel for air- and oil-hardening, high hardenability, highest toughness. Good Polishability.
Characteristics: 1.2767 is supplied in the annealed condition but by further heat treatment can be hardened up to around
54 HRC. The chemical make-up of 1.2767 enables it to be ‘air’ h ardened or vacuum hardened with minimum distortion. 1.2767
displays e xcellent polishability and toughness in the hardened condition making it suited to high pressure plastic moulding
applications. It also possesses good thermal properties for plastic moulding applications.
Applications: Compression/injection moulds, cutlery dies, blanking dies, high tensile applications such as shafts, rollers,
axles, etc. Cutlery dies, blanking dies for large sizes, billet shears, drawing jaws, m
assive embossing and bending tools, plastic
moulds, reinforcements.
Size Range:
Rounds MLDH - Metric (mm)
16
20.5
25
30
35.8
40
50
96
Note: Can also be used for Cold Work and Shock Resisting applications.
Also used as a Cold Work Steel 1.2767 can be heat treated to strengths in excess of 1500 MPa lending itself to
applications where extremely high stresses are involved.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 56
111.5
Plastic Mould Steels:>
DIN 1.2767
Physical Properties:
10–6 x m
20-100
20-200
20-300
Thermal Expansion m x OC11.812.512.8
20-40020-50020-60020-700OC
13.113.413.813.6
J
20
350
700OC
Thermal Conductivity cm x s x OC
0.3000.3050.320
Hot Forming: Hot forming OCCooling
Heat Treatment:
1050-850
slow, e.g. in furnace
Soft annealing OCCoolingHardness HB
610-650
furnacemax. 260
Hardeningin oil, air or
from OC
hot bath Hardness after quenching
HRC
840-870180-220 C 56
Tempering OC 100200300400500600
HRC56
5450464238
O
Time – Temperature – Transformation Diagram
Tempering Diagram
70
900
Temperature in OC
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
Tempering Temperature in OCHardness in HRC
1000
0 1 10102103104105106
Seconds
Time
1
10
100
1000
10 000
66
62
58
54
50
46
42
38
34
30
0 100200300400500600700800
Fletcher Easysteel Page 57
Notes:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 58
Gauge Plate, Key & Silver Steel:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 59
Gauge Plate:>
Gauge Plate
Product Shortname: GPI, GPM
AISI 01/DIN 1.2510 Supplied Annealed to HB 229 max.
Typical Analysis: C Mn CrWV
0.95% 1.2% 0.5% 0.5%0.25%
Applications: Gauges, punchs, dies, jigs, templates, cams, machine parts etc.
Tolerances:
Imperial sizes: Metric sizes:
Width -0.000”/+0.00”
Width -.0000mm./+0.127mm
Heat Treatment:
Thickness +/-0.0001”
Thickness -0.000mm./+0.050mm
Soft annealing OC Hardness HB
760-780 max. 229
Hardening
in
Hardness after quenching
from OCoil
HRC
780-820150-300OC 62
Tempering OC
150
200250300
HRC6260-6158-5956-58
Size Range Imperial:
Flats - Imperial (inches)
/ x
1 8
1
1
1/2
/ x
3 16
1 4
5 16
/ x
3 8
1 2
5 8
3 4
/ x
1x
6x
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1/2
1/2
2
1/2
3/16
1
1/2
1
8
1/2
2
/ x
1
/ x
1
2
1
3
2
1/2
4
4
3
3
6
6
6
4
7
8
8
8
1/2
Other sizes available on request
2
/ x
2
2
Fletcher Easysteel Page 60
/ x
2
Gauge Plate:>
Gauge Plate
Size Range Metric:
Flats - Metric (mm)
2x
3x
5x
6x
8x
10 x
12 x
15 x
20 x
25 x
50 x
50
20
20
20
25
10
20
25
20
25
50
25
25
25
40
20
25
50
25
50
125
40
30
40
50
25
40
60
40
70
150
50
40
50
100
40
50
100
50
75
80
50
60
150
50
70
125
60
80
100
60
70
60
80
70
100
125
70
75
70
100
100
120
150
75
80
80
150
150
150
200
80
100
100
100
150
125
150
200
150
200
250
Other sizes available on request
Fletcher Easysteel Page 61
Gauge Plate:>
Key Steel
Product Shortname: KEYI, KEYM
Bright Drawn Steel Bars
Specifications: BS46: Part 1 1958 (Imperial)
BS4235: Part 1 1972 (Metric)
Typical Analysis: C Mn CMn
0.45%
0.6-1.0% 0.42/0.5% max 0.50-0.80%
Size Range:
Squares - Imperial (inches)
/
/
1 8
/
3 16
7/8
/
1 4
1
1
/
5 16
1/4
1
/
3 8
/
7 16
/
1 2
/
9 16
/
5 8
3 4
1/2
Squares - Metric (mm)
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Flats - Metric (mm)
10 x 8
12 x 8
12 x 10
16 x 10
20 x 12
Other sizes also available on request
Tolerances:
Squares - Imperial (Inches) -.000”
Up to and incl. 7/8
Over 7/8 up to and incl. 1 1/4
Over 1 1/4
Flats - Imperial (inches)
Up to and incl. 3/4 x 1/2
7/8 x 5/8
Over 7/8 x 5/8 up to and incl. 1 1/4 x 7/8
1 1/2 x 1
Flats - Metric (mm)
8 x 7 up to and incl. 10 x 8
Over 10 x 8 up to and incl. 16 x 10
18 x 11
Over 18 x 11 up to and incl. 28 x 16mm
32 x 18
Over 32 x 18 up to and incl. 50 x 28
Fletcher Easysteel Page 62
Squares - Metric (mm) +.000mm
+.002
+.003
+.004
4mm up to and incl. 6
Over 6 up to and incl.12
16
Width (-.000”)
+.002
+.002
+.003
+.004
Width (+.000”)
-.036
-.043
-.043
-.052
-.062
-.062
Thickness (-.000”)
+.003
+.004
+.004
+.006
Thickness (+.000”)
-.090
-.090
-.110
-.110
-.110
-.130
-.030
-.036
-.043
24
Key Steel:>
Silver Steel
Product Shortname: SSRI, SSRM
(AISI W1) Supplied Annealed centreless ground
Typical Analysis: C Mn SiCr
1.1/1.2%0.15-0.45% 0.40% 0.35-0.50%
Applications: Punches, dowels, spindles, shafts, pinions, gauges, centres, engraving tools etc
Size Range: (sizes below 1/8” are bright drawn).
Imperial (inches)
1/8
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
10
11
12
13
14
Metric (mm)
3
4
5
6
7
15
16
18
20
25
8
9
Other sizes also available on request.
Tolerances:
Rounds - Imperial (Inches) Below 1 dia.
1 dia and over
+/-0.00025
+/-0.0005
Rounds - Metric (mm)
25 dia. and under
Over 25 dia.
+0.000/-0.010
+0.000/-0.020
Heat Treatment:
Hardening in Hardness after quenching
from OCbath
HRC
770-790150-300OC 66
Sizes up to 5/16” (8mm) dia. may ne oil hardened from 800-810OC
Tempering OC
120
150200250300
350
400
HRC
65-66
64-6662-6458-6054-56
52-54
48-50
Fletcher Easysteel Page 63
Plate:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 64
Boiler Quality Plate:>
Boiler Quality Plate
Product Shortname: PLBO
Specifications: Australia AS 1548 PT 460NR
Size Designation:
Boiler Plate - Metric (mm) - 6000 x 2400
6
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
50
* Note: Not all thicknesses are available in all widths and lengths.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 65
Wear Resistant Plate:>
Wear Resistant Plate
Grade 400, Grade 500
Product Shortname: PLWE
Description: Abrasion resistant steel plate which has a longer life expectancy than mild steel. Abrasion
resistant plate offers high resistance to both wear and impact applications. This can be a
cost effective choice for equipment subjected to high levels of impact wear.
Supplied Conditions:
GRADE 400
Bisalloy 400
JFE EH400
Sumihard K400
Tensile
1320
1316
1325
Elongation
14%
19.8%
25%
Hardness (HB)
360 - 430
401 min
360 -440
GRADE 500
Bisalloy 500
JFE EH500
Sumihard K500
Tensile
1640
1449
1552
Elongation
10%
17.7%
21%
Hardness (HB)
477 - 534
477 min
450 - 550
Size Designation:
Length (m) x Width (mm) x Thickness (mm)
Size Range Available:
Thickness:
6mm to 80mm
Widths:
1500mm to 2500mm
Length:6000mm
Weight Calculation: kilograms per square metre = plate thickness (mm) x 7.85
Note: When fabricating high strength and wear resistant plate special procedures must be followed. Please contact your local
Fletcher Easysteel branch for further information.
* Refer to page 83 for Easycut Profiling Service.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 66
High Strength Plate:>
High Strength Plate Grade 80
Product Shortname: PLHI
Description:
A high strength quenched and tempered plate, Grade 80 is approximately three times
stronger than mild steel.
Supplied Conditions:
Hi-Strength
Domex 650
Bisalloy 80
JFE HI780S
Sumiten 780S
Yield Strength
630-650
690
685
686
Tensile Strength
700-880
790 - 930
780 - 930
785 - 932
Elongation (16mm)
14%
18%
24%
24%
Size Designation:
Length (m) x Width (mm) x Thickness (mm)
Size Range Available:
Thicknesses 5mm to 100mm
Widths
1500mm to 2500mm
Length
6000mm
Weight Calculation: kilograms per square metre = plate thickness (mm) x 7.85
Note: When fabricating high strength and wear resistant plate special procedures must be followed.
Please contact your local Fletcher Easysteel branch for further information.
* Refer to page 83 for Easycut Profiling Service.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 67
Plate:>
Steel Plate:>
Structural Steel Plate INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS COMPARISON
AUSTRALIAN
AS 3678
EUROPEAN*
EN10025
BRITISH*
BS 4360
GERMAN*
DIN
17100
JAPANESE
JIS
AMERICAN
ASTM
INTERNATIONAL
ISO 630
Tensile
Strength
(MPa)
290
200
St33
300
A283A
Fe310-0
G3101-SS330
S235JR
40A,B
C,D
St37-2
St37-3
330
A2383B
Fe360
A, B, C, D
A283C
G3101-SS400
G3106-SM400
A, B, C
250
250L15
300, 300L15
St44-2
S275JR
S275JO
S275J2G3
S275J254
Fe430B, C, D1, D2
43A, B, C, D
400
A36
A573-400
A633A
350
410
Fe430A, B, C, D
350L15
A573-485
50A, B, C, D
S355JR
S355JO
S355J2G3
S355J2G4
St52-3
430
450
A573-450
A572-345
400, 400L15
360
380
A283D
A284C
A529
A572-290
St44-3
310
480
G3101-SS490
490
G3106-SM490
A, B, C
Fe510
B, C, D
G3106-SM490
YA, YB
450
450L15
G3106-SM520 B,C
G3101-SS540
1. This table indicates the approximate relationship between Australian grades and their international
counterparts.
2. Grades are shown in their increasing tensile strength order. In the case of American ASTM
Standards some grades are also shown in the increasing yield strength (YS) order, as their
position in the hierarchy is different when based on the yield strength compare to tensile
strength (TS).
* EN10025 has replaced BS4360 and DIN17100 Standards.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 68
A572-415
Fe510
B,C,D
520
540
3. For grades with BOLD suffix letters C, D on British, European and International Standards, B,
C on Japanese Standards and suffix numbers 2 and 3 on German Standards, the appropriate
Australian alternative is the nearest L15 grade of the equivalent strength level (ie High or
Medium).
4. Grades readily available are highlighted in black.
5. The grade/s within the same colour band show generally acceptable alternatives, provided
relevant design factors are considered. Refer to your Fletcher EasySteel representative.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 68
Plate:>
Boiler Quality Plate INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS COMPARISON
Tensile
Strength
(MPa)
AUSTRALIAN
AS 1548
JAPANESE
JIS
310
340
360
EUROPEAN
EN 10028
2-P235GH
3-P275N
400
G3115-SPV235
G3126-SLA235
410
G3103-SB410
A662-A
2P265GH
G3118-SGV410
P265
A515-60
A516-60
415
7-430
440
G3126-SLA325
450
G3108-SB450
G3118-SGC450
7-460
A515-65
A516-65
2-P295GH
A662-B
P290
3-P355N
A515-70
A516-70
A662-C
A537-C11
A737-B
A841
P315
G3103-SB480
G3118-SGV480
480
7-490
G3115-SPV315
G3126-SLA360
490
5-490
510
520
P235
A285-C
A516-55
390
460
INTERNATIONAL
ISO 9328.2
A285-A
A285-B
380
430
AMERICAN
ASTM
2-P355GH
G3115-SPV355
1.This table indicates the approximate relationship between Australian grades and their
international counterparts. More detailed comparisons of these Standards/grades can
be obtained by contacting your Fletcher Steel representative.
2.Grades are shown in their increasing tensile strength order. AS1548-5-490 and
equivalent grades have a higher minimum yield strength requirement than the
corresponding AS1548-7-490 and equivalent grades.
3.Grade equivalence shown is based on room temperature tensile properties only.
4.Grades readily available are highlighted in black.
A299
A738-A
5.It may be possible to substitute readily available grades for international grades
outside the designated strength band shown, provided relevant design factors
are considered. Refer to your Fletcher Easy Steel representative for further
information.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 69
Notes:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 70
Welding Products:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 71
FES 28
General
Purpose
Electrodes
for welding
mild steel
FES48A
General
Purpose
Electrodes
for welding
mild steel
FES68
General
Purpose
Electrodes
for welding
mild steel
The FES 28 has a medium – heavy
rutile coating and yields a fairly
rapidly solidifying slag. It is used in
all mild steel general construction
industries including pipe work and
is an easy to use electrode with
good weld appearance. A short arc
length can be used without the
electrode freezing to the weld pool,
of particular benefit for vertical and
overhead welding.
F
H
V
OH
2.5
3.2
4.0
70-100
85-135
130-170
Current
Condition
Current Range
(amps)
Diameter (mm)
Applications &
Characteristics
Product
Welding
Positions
Welding Products:>
AC50v
DC -
F
H
V down
OH
2.5
3.2
4.0
70-100
90-135
130-180
AC45v
DC -
F
H
V down
OH
2.5
3.2
4.0
60-95
70-125
130-170
AC50v
DC -
FES7024
High
Efficiency
Iron Powder
Electrode
for welding
mild steel
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications:
AS/NZS 1553.1 E4824-0 AWS A5.1 E7024
Fletcher Easysteel Page 72
F
H
2.5
3.2
4.0
90-140
130-160
180-210
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 480-500 MPa
Yield Value 430-480 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 22-26%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at 20°C 55-88 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.70 - 0.11%
Mn 0.35 - 0.55%
Si 0.30 - 0.60%
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications: AS/
NZS 1553.1 E4112A AWS A5.1 E6013
The FES 7024 is a heavy coated rutile
contact electrode developed for high
speed welding of mild
steel in the down hand and horizontal
positions using AC or DC current. The
high iron powder content
in the flux gives high efficiency
combined with excellent mechanical
properties and weldability. Ideal
for use in ship building, pressure vessels, heavy machinery frames, roof
trusses, tanks, and structural
beams, as well as general engineering.
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 480-510 MPa
Yield Value 430-480 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 25-29%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at 0°C 51-83 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.01%
Mn 0.61%
Si 0.54%
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications:
AS/NZS 1553.1 E4112-0 AWS A5.1
E6013
The FES 68 is a medium – heavy
coated rutile electrode which produces very rapidly solidifying slag.
It is an outstanding electrode for
welding in all positions and at places
difficult to reach. An important
feature is that it can be used for
welding in any position at the same
current. It has excellent gap
bridging ability and is particularly
good for vertical down position and for
welding galvanised and dirty steels
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 470-530 MPa
Yield Value 430-470 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 25-30%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at 0°C 47-78 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.06 - 0.11%
Mn 0.35 - 0.50%
Si 0.30 - 0.50%
Approvals: LRS, ABS
Classifications: AS/NZS 1553.1 E4112-0
AWS A5.1 E6013
The FES 48A is a rutile electrode
for general purpose welding of mild
steels. The slag has quicker
freezing properties than many similar rods, making it suitable for out of
position welding. It has good
gap bridging ability and has good
weld appearance, slag removal and
mechanical properties.
Specifications
AC50v
DC -
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 512 MPa
Yield Value 474 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 26%
Reduction of Area 59%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at 0°C 68 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.07 - 0.08%
Mn 0.50 - 0.70%
Si 0.29 - 0.31%
FES56S
Low Hydrogen
Electrode
For welding
mild and
medium
tensile steel
FES77
Low Hydrogen
Electrode
for welding
mild and
medium
tensile steel
The FES 56s is a basic coated, low
hydrogen electrode with a very thin
coating to improve joint access
and make the electrodes ideal for
root pass welding. The electrode is
ideally suited for pipe welding
using the vertical up technique. The
main related industries are offshore,
petrochemical, and power
engineering.
F
H
V
OH
2.5
3.2
4.0
60-100
85-140
100-180
Current
Condition
Current
Range
(amps)
Applications &
Characteristics
Diameter
(mm)
Product
Welding
Positions
Welding Products:>
AC70v
DC +/-
F
H
V
OH
2.5
3.2
4.0
60-105
90-145
140-200
AC70v
DC +/-
FESC6H
Low Hydrogen
Electrode
for welding
mild and
medium
tensile steel
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications:
AS/NZS 1553.1 E4828 H5 AWS A5.1
E7028 H4
F
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 510-580 MPa
Yield Value 430-480 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) Min. 30%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at -40°C Average 150 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.06 - 0.10%
Mn 0.80 - 1.20%
Si 0.40 - 0.80%
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications:
AS/NZS 1553.1 E4818-5H5 AWS A5.1
E7018-IH8
The FES C6H has a very high
deposition rate because of the large
amounts of iron powder in the zircon
based coating. The efficiency of the
electrode is 195%, and the weld
appearance is very smooth with
good tie in and very good slag
removal. This rod also has excellent
mechanical and x-ray qualities.
Applications include rapidly filling
bevelled butt joints in thick and very
thick plates, and for making
positioned fillet welds as well.
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 510-590 MPa
Yield Value Min. 420 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 26%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at -40°C Average 190 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.04 - 0.09%
Mn 0.80 - 1.20%
Si 0.30 - 0.60%
Approvals: LRS, ABS Classifications:
AS/NZS 1553.1 E4816-4H5 AWS A5.1
E7016-H8
The FES 77 is a low hydrogen iron
powder coated electrode. It is ideal
for welding in all positions
except vertical down. It maintains
excellent mechanical properties and
the weld metal deposits
exceptionally smoothly. Mainly used
for welding un-alloyed, micro alloyed, and low alloyed steels. It
also has excellent x-ray qualities.
Applications include pressure vessel,
ship building, earth moving
machines and general medium
- heavy construction.
Specifications
4.0
200-230
AC70v
DC +
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 500-550 MPa
Yield Value 430-490 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 26-30%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at -20°C
115-140 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.06 - 0.10%
Mn 0.80 - 1.20%
Si 0.30 - 0.60%
Fletcher Easysteel Page 73
Copper Coated
Solid Mig Wire
for welding mild
steel
This is a copper coated solid mig
wire with excellent mechanical
properties. CO2, or a mixture of CO2
and Argon is used as the shielding
gas for the wire. During welding,
good looking weld, low spatter,
and relatively high toughness of
the weld can be obtained at low
temperature. Applications include
fabrication of non alloyed and carbon
steels in the general engineering
industries. It has good x-ray
quality and excellent coating
appearance.
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
50-120
60-220
70-240
80-350
Current
Condition
Current
Range
(amps)
Diameter
(mm)
Applications &
Characteristics
Product
Welding
Positions
Welding Products:>
DC
Flux Cored
Mig Wire
for welding
mild and
medium
tensile steel
Approvals: ABS/BV/DNV/GL/LRS Classifications: AWS A5.20:E71T-1
Fletcher Easysteel Page 74
1.2
1.6
230
280
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 500 MPa
Yield Value 420 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 22-27%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at 0°C 47-78 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.06 - 0.15%
Mn 1.40 - 1.85%
Si 0.80 - 1.15%
Approvals: ABS/CCS Classifications:
AWS ER 705-6
This wire is a metal coated flux
cored mig wire that uses C02 as the
gas which along with the flux
provides a dual shield. Designed for
welding metal constructions in a
single or multi-pass technique,
it has excellent welding properties
in all positions and with high current
gives a very good deposition
rate. Can be used in ship building
and general construction industries
and is very good with the
welding of medium tensile plates.
Specifications
DC
Physical Properties
of Weld Metal
Tensile strength 500 MPa
Yield Value 420 MPa
Elongation (1 = 5d) 24%
Impact Value
Charpy V-Notch at -29°C 27 J
Typical Chemical Analysis
C 0.06 - 0.13%
Mn 1.30 - 1.60%
Si 0.70 - 1.00%
Consumables:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 75
Consumables:>
Cutting and Grinding Discs
Product Shortname: DISO, DISC
Fletcher Easysteel stocks the below range of Cutting and Grinding Disc’s. Hard wearing, durable and low cost, enquire at your
Fletcher Easysteel sales centre today.
Cut Off Disc’s
STANDARD METAL GRINDING DISCS
OD
thickness
centre
GA3101
115X6.5X22 A24-30-36R D/C
115
2.0
22.23mm
GA3102
125X6.5X22 A24-30-36R D/C
125
2.0
22.23mm
GA3104
178X7X22 A24-30-36R D/C
180
2.5
22.23mm
GA3105
230X7X22 A24-30-36R D/C
230
2.5
22.23mm
300
3.0
25.4mm
GENERAL PURPOSE
350
3.0
25.4mm
100X2.5X16 A30-36R C/O
400
3.0
25.4mm
115X2.5X22 A30-36R C/O
125X2.5X22 A30-36R C/O
Grinding Disc’s
OD
thickness
centre
100
5.0
16mm
115
6.0
22.23mm
125
6.0
22.23mm
180
6.0
22.23mm
230
6.0
22.23mm
178X2.5X22 A30-36T C/O
230X2.5X22 A30-36R C/O
300X4X25.4 A24S STAT C/O
400X4.5X25.4 A24S STAT C/O
INOX CUTTING
100x2.5x16 A30-36Q INOX C/O
METAL INOX GRINDING DISCS
115x2.5x22 A30-36Q INOX C/O
100x6x16 INOX A24-30-36Q D/C
125x2.5x22 A30-36Q INOX C/O
115x6.5x22 INOX A24-30-36Q D/C
178x2.5x22 A30-36Q INOX C/O
125x6.5x22 INOX A24-30-36Q D/C
230x2.5x22 A30-36Q INOX C/O
178x7x22 INOX A24-30-36Q D/C
300x4x25.4 A30-36R INOX C/O
230x7x22 INOX A24-30-36Q D/C
350x4x25.4 A30-36R INOX C/O
Fletcher Easysteel Page 76
Consumables:>
Wire Wheels
Spindle Mounted Wire Wheels
Wheel (mm)
Cup (mm)
50 x 6
50 x 6
75 x 6
75 x 6
100 x 6
Wire Brushes
Wire Cup Brushes
Crimped
T/Knot
75 x M10 x 1.5
75 x M10 x 1.5
75 x M10 x 1.25
75 x M10 x 1.25
75 x M14 x 2.0
75 x M14 x 2.0
100 x M14 x 2.0
100 x M14 x 2.0
125 x M14 x 2.0
125 x M14 x 2.0
Wire Brush Wheels
Crimped
T/Knot
75 x 16 x 13
15 x 22
150 x 25 x 25
200 x 25 x 25
250 x 30 x 25
300 x 30 x 25
Twist Knot Wire Brushes
100 x M10 x 1.5
100 x M14 x 2
115 x M14 x 2
125 x M14 x 2
Fletcher Easysteel Page 77
Consumables:>
Cutting and Grinding Discs
Fletcher Easysteel is able to source the following consumables. Please contact your local Fletcher Easysteel Sales Centre
for availability.
STRAIGHT METAL CUTTING
LOW SPEED METAL CUTTING
102x2.5x16
300X2.5X25.4 A30-36S CHOPCUT
115x2.5x22
350X3X25.4 A30-36S CHOPCUT
127x2.5x22
400X3.2X25.4 A30-36S CHOPCUT
178x2.5x22
230x2.5x22
HIGH SPEED METAL CUTTING
300x3.0x25.4
300X4X20 A30-36S ALLCUT
350x3.0x25.4
300X4X25.4 A30-36S ALLCUT
400x3.0x25.4
350X4X20 A30-36S ALLCUT
350X4X25.4 A30-36S ALLCUT
SAFECUT D/C INOX THINS
115x1.3x22 INOX D/C
MASONRY CUTTING
125x1.3x22 INOX D/C
300X4X20 C24-30-36S ALLCUT
180x2x22 INOX D/C
300X4X22 C24-30-36S ALLCUT
230x2x22 INOX D/C
300X4X25.4 C24-30-36S ALLCUT
THIN MEGA INOX
350X4X25.4 C24-30-36S ALLCUT
50x1.3x8 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
400X4.5X25.4 C30-36S STAT C/O
350X4X20 C24-30-36S ALLCUT
75x1.3x9.5 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
100x1.3x16 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
DEPRESSED CENTRE METAL GRINDING
100x1.6x16 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
100x6x16
115x1x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
115x6x22
115x1.3x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
125x6x22
115x1.6x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
178x6x22
125x1x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
230x6x22
125x1.3x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
125x1.6x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
180x2x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
230x2x22 A60SX INOX C/O S/Z
Fletcher Easysteel Page 78
Consumables:>
FLAP DISCS 100 x 16
ALUMINIUM GRINDING DISCS
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z40
100x6.5x16 ALUMINIUM D/C
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z60
115x6.5x22 ALUMINIUM D/C
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z80
125x6.5x22 ALUMINIUM D/C
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z100
178x7x22 ALUMINIUM D/C
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z120
230x7x22 ALUMINIUM D/C
FLAP DISCS 115 x 22
ALUMINIUM CUTTING DISCS
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z40
100x3.2x16 ALUMINIUM D/C/O
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z60
115x3.2x22 ALUMINIUM D/C/O
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z80
125x3.2x22 ALUMINIUM D/C/O
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z100
178x3.2x22 ALUMINIUM D/C/O
FLAP DISC 100X16 F/G CON Z120
230x3.2x22 ALUMINIUM D/C/O
FLAP DISCS 125 x 22
INOX THIN CUTTING FOR STAINLESS
FLAP DISC 125x22 F/G CON Z40
100x1.2x16
FLAP DISC 125x22 F/G CON Z60
100x1.6x16
FLAP DISC 125x22 F/G CON Z80
115x1.2x22
FLAP DISC 125x22 F/G CON Z100
115x1.2x22
FLAP DISC 125x22 F/G CON Z120
125x1.2x22
125x1.6x22
180x2.0x22
230x2.0x22
Fletcher Easysteel Page 79
Consumables:>
Sanding Sheets
Waterproof Sheets 230 x 280mm
Grit (G)
80
100
120
150
180
220
240
Grit (G)
400
600
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
280
320
Fibre Discs
Disc Size
(mm)
Grit (G)
16
24
36
50
60
80
100
120
100 x 16
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
115 x 22
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
127 x 22
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
178 x 22
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
240
320
Engineers Rolls
Engineers Rolls 38mm x 50m
Grit (G)
40
60
80
100
Wire Brushes
Code
Description
GM 5000
4 Row Carbon Wire - Plastic Handle
GM 5020
4 Row Carbon Wire - Wood Handle
GM 5010
4 Row Stainless Steel Wire - Plastic Handle
Fletcher Easysteel Page 80
120
150
180
Service Centres:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 81
Service Centres:>
Service Centres
Company Organisation:
Sales
Centre
Distribution
Centre
Coil
Processing
Plate
Processing
Guillotining
Northern
Region
Whangarei
Auckland
Auckland
Auckland
Auckland
Auckland
Central
Region
Hamilton
Tauranga
Rotorua
New Plymouth
Hawkes Bay
Palmerston
North
Wellington
Auckland
Auckland
Auckland
Auckland
Wellington
Southern
Region
Nelson
Christchurch
Dunedin
Invercargill
Christchurch
Christchurch
Christchurch
Christchurch
Fletcher Easysteel Page 82
Service Centres:>
Plate Processing
Fletcher Easysteel’s ‘Easycut Profiling’ operations provide
the largest and most efficient plate cutting facilities in New
Zealand. Whether your requirements are for mild steel, boiler
quality or high strength plate we can cut plate to meet your
requirements. A list of services are offered below:
• Numerically controlled profile cutting machines and
guillotines in Auckland and Christchurch give customers a
fast and accurate cutting service.
• The Dycon 300 tonne numerically controlled press
brake at our Auckland facility has a computer controlled
automatic backstop and can press up to nine different
folds per plate, all with repetitive folds.
• The Mynuc 5000 CNC profile cutting machine has a 24
metre long bed and six oxy fuel cutting heads with an
effective cutting width of 4 metres.
• The 200 amp high speed Kinetic plasma cutters in
Auckland and Christchurch can cut plate up to
20mm thick.
• Our Punch and Shear machine can cut a range of sections
and punch holes up to 40mm diameter in material up to
20mm thick.
Machining Capabilities
Auckland
Length
Plasma Cutting
Thickness
12m
3mm – 20mm
Gas Cutting
18m
10mm – 260mm
Guillotining
3.6m
2.5mm – 12mm
300T Pressbrake
3.6m
12mm
Punch & Shear
Maximum 40mm dia
through 20mm plate
Maximum Shear Flat
350mm x 20mm
Wellington
Guillotining
3.6m
3.0mm – 12mm Thick
Plasma Cutting
12m
3mm – 20mm Thick
Gas Cutting
6m
10mm – 260mm Thick
Christchurch
• An integral part of the plate processing is the latest in
software in our CAD department to quickly and efficiently
nest your designs and shapes at minimal cost and waste.
Drawings can be accepted on disc or via e-mail in DXF
Format. All drawings are held in memory allowing repeat
orders to be recalled immediately.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 83
Service Centres:>
Metal Processing
Sheet and Coil
Processing:
In order to cater for specialist requirements of the New Zealand manufacturing industry
and expand services available, Fletcher Steel offers a Service Centre operation with some of the latest metal processing technology and equipment available in New Zealand.
With Coil processing equipment in Auckland and Christchurch the facilities are available to
slit, sheet, blank and guillotine, both ferrous and non-ferrous metals to exacting standards.
Machine Capabilities:
Auckland
Christchurch
Maximum Width
1525mm
1350mm
Minimum Width
16mm
25mm
Thickness Range
0.35 - 3.5mm STD
0.4 - 2.3mm
Maximum Width
1828mm
1250mm
Minimum Width
51mm
200mm
Thickness Range
0.5 - 3.2mm M.S.
0.4 - 1.6mm M.S.
0.5 - 2.0mm S.S.
–
0.5 - 3.2mm A.L.
–
Slitting
Sheeting & Blanking
Guillotines
Minimum Width
28mm
Maximum Length
2400mm
Thickness Range
0.4 - 3.2mm
Fletcher Easysteel Page 84
Appendix:>
Fletcher Easysteel Page 85
Appendix:>
Size Tolerances (to ASTM A29)
Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Alloy Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished
Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm
Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of
Carbon Range 0.28
or Less
BCQ
Maximum of
Carbon Range Over
0.28 to 0.55 incl.
4140
Maximum of
Carbon Range to
0.55% incl. Stress
Relief or Annealed
After Cold Finishing
Maximum of
Carbon Range
Over 0.55% or All
Grades Quenched
and Tempered or
Normalized Before
Cold Finishing
Rounds - Cold Drawn (to 100mm in size) or Turned and Polished
To 25, incl, in coils
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
Cut Lengths
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
To 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
Over 150 to 200, incl
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
Over 200 to 230, incl
Hexagons - Cold Drawn
Up to 20, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 60 to 80, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.25
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.15
...
...
...
Fletcher Easysteel Page 86
Appendix:>
Size Tolerances (to ASTM A29)
Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished
Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm
Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of Carbon
Range 0.28 or Less
BCQ/BFC
Maximum of Carbon
Range Over 0.28 to
0.55 incl.
1040
Maximum of Carbon
Range to 0.55%
incl. Stress Relief or
Annealed After Cold
Finishing
Maximum of
Carbon Range
Over 0.55% or All
Grades Quenched
and Tempered or
Normalized Before
Cold Finishing
Rounds - Cold Drawn (to 100mm in size) or Turned and Polished
To 40, incl
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
Over 150 to 200, incl
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
Over 200 to 230, incl
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
Hexagons - Cold Drawn
Up to 20, incl
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.15
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 60 to 80, incl
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.13
0.15
...
Fletcher Easysteel Page 87
Appendix:>
Size Tolerances (to ASTM A29)
Size Tolerances: for Cold-Finished Carbon Steel Bars, Cold Drawn or Turned and Polished
Tolerances from Specified Size, Under Only, mm
Size - Metric (mm)
Maximum of Carbon
Range 0.28 or Less
BCQ/BFC
Maximum of Carbon
Range Over 0.28 to
0.55 incl.
1040
Maximum of Carbon
Range to 0.55%
incl. Stress Relief or
Annealed After Cold
Finishing
Maximum of
Carbon Range
Over 0.55% or All
Grades Quenched
and Tempered or
Normalized Before
Cold Finishing
Squares - Cold Drawn
Up to 20, incl
0.05
0.10
0.13
0.18
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.08
0.13
0.15
0.20
Over 40 to 60, incl
0.10
0.15
0.18
0.23
Over 60 to 100, incl
0.15
0.20
0.23
0.28
Over 100 to 130, incl
0.25
...
...
...
Over 130 to 150, incl
0.36
...
...
...
Flats - Cold Drawn
To 20, incl
0.08
0.10
0.15
0.20
Over 20 to 40, incl
0.10
0.13
0.20
0.25
Over 40 to 80, incl
0.13
0.15
0.25
0.30
Over 80 to 100, incl
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.40
Over 100 to 150, incl
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.50
Over 150
0.33
0.38
...
...
Fletcher Easysteel Page 88
Appendix:>
Straightness Tolerances (to ASTM A29)
Straightness Tolerance for Cold-Finished Bars, A,B
NOTE: All grades quenched and tempered or normalised and tempered to Brinell 302 maximum before cold finishing and
all grades stress relieved or annealed after cold finishing. Straightness tolerances are not applicable to bars having Brinell
hardness exceeding 302.
Straightness Tolerances, mm (Maximum Deviation) from Straightness in any 3000mm Portion of the Bar
Size - Metric (mm)
Length (mm)
Maximum of Carbon Range,
0.28% or less
Maximum of Carbon Range
over 0.28% and all Grades
Thermally Treated
Rounds
Squares,
Hexagon &
Octagons
Rounds
Squares,
Hexagon &
Octagons
Less than 4500
3
5
5
6
Less than 16
4500 and over
3
8
8
10
16 and over
Less than 4500
2
3
3
5
16 and over
4500 and over
3
5
5
5
Less than 16
A) The tolerances above are based on the following method of measuring straightness; departure from straightness is measured by
placing the bar on a level table so that the arc or departure from straightness is horizontal and the depth of the arc is measured with a
feeler gauge and a straightedge.
B) It should be recognised that straightness is a perishable quality and may be altered by mishandling. The preservation of straightness
in cold-finished bars required the utmost care in subsequent handling. Specific straightness tolerances are sometimes required for
carbon and alloy steels in which case the purchaser should inform the manufacturer of the straightness tolerances and the methods to
be used in checking the straightness.
C) For centreless ground bars, the maximum deviation straightness shall be less than 0.30mm over 1 metre.
Straightness Tolerances for Hot-Wrought Bars and Bar Size Sections*
Straightness Tolerances for Hot-Wrought Bars and Bar Size Sections*
Standard Tolerances
6mm in any 1500mm or (length in mm/250)**
Special Tolerances
3mm in any 1500mm or (length in mm/500)**
* Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bards if any subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been
**
performed.
Round to the nearest whole millimtre.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 89
Appendix:>
ISO Tolerances
Limits, µm (microns)
(mm/1000)
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Lower
0
-6
0
-10
0
-14
0
-25
0
-40
0
-60
0
-100
6
0
-8
0
-12
0
-18
0
-30
0
-48
0
-75
0
-120
(6)
10
0
-9
0
-15
0
-22
0
-36
0
-58
0
-90
0
-150
(10 )
18
0
-11
0
-18
0
-27
0
-43
0
-70
0
-110
0
-180
(18 )
30
0
-13
0
-21
0
-33
0
-52
0
-84
0
-130
0
-210
(30 )
50
0
-16
0
-25
0
-39
0
-62
0
-100
0
-160
0
-250
(50 )
80
0
-19
0
-30
0
-46
0
-74
0
-120
0
-190
0
-300
(80 )
120
0
-22
0
-35
0
-54
0
-87
0
-140
0
-220
0
-350
(120 )
180
0
-25
0
-40
0
-63
0
-100
0
-160
0
-250
0
-400
(180 )
250
0
-29
0
-46
0
-72
0
-115
0
-185
0
-290
0
-460
(250 )
315
0
-32
0
-52
0
-81
0
-130
0
-210
0
-320
0
-520
Limits, microinches
(inches/1000)
Upper
Lower
Upper
0
-.35
0
-.59
0
-.87
0
-1.42
0
-2.28
0
-3.54
0
-5.91
(0.4)
0.7
0
-.43
0
-.71
0
-1.06
0
-1.69
0
-2.76
0
-4.33
0
-7.09
(0.7)
1.2
0
-.51
0
-.83
0
-1.30
0
-2.05
0
-3.31
0
-5.12
0
-8.27
(1.2)
2.0
0
-.63
0
-.98
0
-1.54
0
-2.44
0
-3.94
0
-6.30
0
-9.89
(2.0)
3.2
0
-.75
0
-1.18
0
-1.81
0
-2.91
0
-4.72
0
-7.48
0
-11.81
(3.2)
4.7
0
-.87
0
-1.38
0
-2.13
0
-3.43
0
-5.21
0
-8.66
0
-13.78
(4.7)
7.1
0
-.98
0
-1.58
0
-2.48
0
-3.94
0
-6.30
0
-9.84
0
-15.75
(7.1)
9.8
0
-1.14
0
-1.81
0
-2.84
0
-4.53
0
-7.28
0
-11.42
0
-18.11
(9.8)
12.4
0
-1.26
0
-2.05
0
-3.19
0
-5.12
0
-8.27
0
-12.60
0
-20.47
Lower
Lower
0.4
Upper
Upper
(0.2)
Lower
Lower
h12
Upper
h11
Lower
h10
Upper
h9
Lower
h8
Upper
h7
Up to & ncl.
h6
Above
Basic Size Imperial (“)
Upper
3
(3)
Above
Upper
h12
Lower
h11
Upper
h10
Lower
h9
Upper
h8
Lower
h7
Upper
h6
Lower
Up to & ncl.
Basic Size Metric (mm)
Appendix:>
Machining Allowances
In order to eliminate safely the scale originated during forging, rolling and annealing, the decarburisation and sometimes fine
cracks, sufficient machining allowances must be adhered to when manufacturing. Basic sizes and pertinent largest finished
sizes for rolled or forged round, square, hexagonal and octagonal bars.
Basic size
thickness
DR*
Largest
finished size
thickness DF*
Basic size
thickness
DR*
Largest
finished size
thickness DF*
Basic size
thickness
DR*
Largest
finished size
thickness DF*
Basic size
thickness
DR*
Largest
finished size
thickness DF*
10
8.0
45
41.5
120
113
240
228
12
10.0
50
46.0
130
123
250
237
14
12.0
55
51.0
140
132
260
247
15
12.5
60
55.5
150
142
300
285
16
13.5
65
60.5
160
151
350
333
18
15.5
70
65.0
170
161
400
380
20
17.5
75
70.0
180
170
450
428
22
19.5
80
75.0
190
180
500
476
25
22.5
85
80.0
200
189
600
571
30
27.0
90
84.0
210
199
35
32.0
100
94
220
209
40
36.5
110
103
230
218
Order Size
Above Up To
Permissible
dimensional
deviation
Material layer to be
removed min.
0 — 25
+0.4
0.25
25 — 63
+0.6
0.4
63 — 100
+0.6
0.5
100 — 160
+1.0
0.75
160 — 250
+1.0
1.0
250 — 315
+1.0
1.25
315 +
+1.6
1.5
30
Diagram acc. to DIN 17350 part 10 (draft 6/83)
25
20
15
10
5
4
3
2
1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
saving of weight in % when using tool steels with
pre-machined compared to non-machined surface
Premachined steels offer the user smooth surface of the bars
with machining allowances already strongly narrowed down. The
advantages of a premachined surface can be seen from the diagram.
Dependent on the size, 7 to 10% of the weight can be saved.
Diameter allowance in mm
Premachined Steels
*As thickness and diameter is valid
in case of round bars, whereas for
square hexagonal and octagonal
bars it is the distance of the parallel
side faces.
0 100 200 300400500
Finished size (diameter in mm)
Appendix:>
Useful Tables Weights - Kg/Metre
ROUND BARS:
Metric Size
mm
Imperial
Equivalent
Size inch
kg/m
Metric Size
mm
Imperial
Equivalent
Size inch
kg/m
3
3.175
4
4.762
5
6
6.350
7.937
8
9.525
10
11.112
12
12.700
13
14
14.287
15.875
16
17
17.462
19
19.050
20
20.637
22
22.225
0.1181
1/8
0.1575
3/16
0.1969
0.2362
1/4
5/16
0.3150
3/8
0.3937
7/16
0.4724
1/2
0.5118
0.5512
9/16
5/8
0.6299
0.6693
11/16
0.7480
3/4
0.7874
13/16
0.8661
7/8
0.056
0.062
0.099
0.140
0.154
0.222
0.247
0.388
0.395
0.559
0.617
0.761
0.888
0.994
1.042
1.208
1.259
1.554
1.578
1.782
1.880
2.226
2.237
2.466
2.626
2.984
3.045
23.812
24
25
25.400
28
28.575
30
31.750
32
33
34.925
35
38.100
40
41.275
44.450
45
47.625
50
50.800
53.975
55
57.150
60
60.325
63.500
65
15/16
0.9449
0.9843
1
1.1024
11/8
1.1811
11/4
1.2598
1.2992
13/8
1.3780
11/2
1.5748
15/8
13/4
1.7717
17/8
1.9685
2
21/8
2.1654
21/4
2.3622
23/8
21/2
2.559
0.274
0.428
0.616
0.840
1.096
1.388
1.712
19.05
20.64
20.83
22.22
23.37
25.40
26.99
3/4
Metric Size
mm
Imperial
Equivalent
Size inch
kg/m
3.496
3.551
3.853
3.978
4.834
5.034
5.549
6.215
6.313
6.714
7.520
7.553
8.950
9.865
10.504
12.181
12.485
13.984
15.413
15.911
17.962
18.650
20.137
22.195
22.436
24.861
26.049
69.850
70
75
76.200
80
82.55
88.90
90
100
101.60
105
110
114.30
120
127.0
130
140
150
152.40
160
180
200
210
220
230
250
23/4
2.756
2.953
3
3.149
31/4
31/2
3.543
3.937
4
4.134
4.331
41/2
4.724
5
5.118
5.512
5.905
6
6.299
7.086
7.874
8.267
8.661
9.055
9.842
30.081
30.120
34.680
35.799
39.458
42.013
48.726
49.939
61.654
63.642
67.973
74.601
80.547
88.781
99.441
104.19
120.84
138.72
143.19
157.83
199.75
246.61
271.89
298.40
326.14
385.33
2.466
2.894
2.948
3.358
3.711
4.386
4.946
28.57
31.75
34.92
38.10
47.24
52.07
11/8
11/4
13/8
11/2
1.860
2.050
5.550
6.853
8.292
9.868
15.166
18.379
HEXAGON BARS:
6.35
7.94
9.52
11.11
12.70
14.29
15.87
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
Fletcher Easysteel Page 92
13/16
0.820
7 /8
0.920
1
11/16
Appendix:>
Approx. Comparison of Tensile Strength*
tons/in2
p.s.i
kg/mm2
N/mm2
or MPa
16
20
23
26
29
30
32
33
35
36
39
40
42
45
46
49
50
52
55
58
60
62
65
68
70
71
75
78
37,000
45,000
51,500
58,000
65,000
67,000
72,000
74,000
78,500
81,000
87,500
90,000
94,000
101,000
103,000
110,333
112,000
116,500
123,000
130,000
134,500
139,000
146,000
153,000
157,000
159,000
168,000
175,000
25.8
31.6
36.5
40.8
45.7
47.1
50.6
52.0
55.5
57.0
61.8
63.3
66.0
71.0
72.5
77.3
78.75
82.0
86.5
91.4
94.5
97.7
102.6
107.5
110.4
111.8
118.0
123.0
250
309
355
402
448
463
494
510
541
556
602
618
649
695
710
757
772
803
849
896
927
957.5
1004
1050
1081
1097
1158
1205
tons/in2
p.s.i
kg/mm2
N/mm2
or MPa
80
81
84
85
88
90
91
94
95
97
100
104
105
107
110
113
115
117
120
123
125
126
130
133
135
136
140
180,000
182,000
188,000
190,000
197,000
202,000
204,000
210,000
213,000
217,000
224,000
233,000
235,000
240,000
246,500
253,000
257,600
262,000
269,000
275,500
280,000
282,500
291,000
298,000
302,400
304,500
313,600
126.0
128.0
132.2
133.6
138.5
142.0
143.4
148.4
149.7
152.6
157.5
163.8
165.4
168.5
173.2
178.0
181.1
184.3
189.0
194.0
197.0
198.0
205.0
209.0
213.0
214.0
221.0
1236
1251
1297
1313
1359
1390
1405
1452
1467
1498
1544
1606
1622
1653
1699
1745
1776
1807
1853
1900
1931
1946
2000
2054
2085
2010
2162
*A Guide Only
Metric to Gauge
Gauge Number
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Birmingham Gauge (mm)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.60
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.50
0.40
Galv. Sheet Gauge (B.M.T.)
3.45
2.95
2.45
1.95
1.55
1.15
0.95
0.75
0.55
0.45
0.35
*Note: Mild Steel only
Fletcher Easysteel Page 93
Appendix:>
2392
2261
2158
2058
1962
1893
1817
1738
1665
1586
1513
1461
1391
1330
1271
1220
1175
1133
1097
1062
1029
1001
975
949
923
896
873
Fletcher Easysteel Page 94
Tensile
Strength
in MPa
Tensile
Strength
in MPa
68.0
65.3
63.3
61.7
60.0
58.7
57.3
56.0
54.7
53.5
52.1
51.0
49.6
48.5
47.1
45.7
44.5
43.1
41.8
40.4
39.1
37.9
36.6
35.5
34.3
33.1
32.1
30.9
29.9
28.8
27.6
26.6
Rockwell Hardness
No. C-Scale
150kg Load
Brale Penetrator
Rockwell Hardness
No. C-Scale
150kg Load
Brale Penetrator
(110.0)
(109.0)
(108.5)
(108.0)
(107.5)
(107.0)
(106.0)
(105.5)
(104.5)
(104.0)
(103.0)
B-Scale 100kg
Load 1/16”
dia. Ball
B-Scale 100kg
Load 1/16”
dia. Ball
940
840
780
737
697
667
640
615
591
569
547
528
508
491
472
455
440
424
410
396
383
372
360
349
339
328
319
309
301
292
284
276
Diamond Pyramid
Hardness No.
Diamond Pyramid
Hardness No.
682
653
627
601
578
555
534
514
495
477
461
444
429
415
401
388
375
363
352
341
331
321
311
302
293
285
277
269
262
*A Guide Only
Brinell Hardness
No. 10mm ball
3000kg Load
Brinell Hardness
No. 10mm ball
3000kg Load
Approx. Equivalent Hardness Numbers and
Tensile Strength for Brinell Hardness for Steel*
255
248
241
235
229
223
217
212
207
201
197
192
187
183
179
174
170
167
163
159
156
152
149
146
143
140
137
134
131
128
126
269
261
253
247
241
234
228
222
218
212
207
202
196
192
188
182
178
175
171
167
163
159
156
153
150
146
143
140
137
134
132
(102.0)
(101.0)
100.0
99.0
98.2
97.3
96.4
95.5
94.6
93.8
92.9
91.8
90.7
90.0
89.0
87.8
86.8
86.0
85.0
83.8
82.9
81.7
80.8
79.8
78.7
77.6
76.4
75.2
74.0
72.7
72.0
25.4
24.2
22.8
21.7
20.5
(18.8)
(17.5)
(16.0)
(15.2)
(13.8)
(12.7)
(11.5)
(10.0)
(9.0)
(8.0)
(6.4)
(5.4)
(4.4)
(3.3)
(2.1)
(0.9)
-
849
826
803
783
764
742
722
706
691
672
658
642
625
612
599
583
570
560
546
535
526
514
504
495
485
475
464
455
446
437
431
Appendix:>
Conversion Factors:
To calculate the weight of steel bars:
ROUND
- dia. mm2 x 0.006165
= Weight in kilograms per metre
ROUND
- dia. mm x 0.004143
= Weight in lbs per foot
HEXAGON
- Size mm2 x 0.006798
= Weight in kilograms per metre
HEXAGON
- Size mm x 0.00457
= Weight in lbs per foot
SQUARE
- Size mm2 x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
SQUARE
- Size mm x 0.00527
= Weight in lbs per foot
FLAT
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
2
2
2
FLAT
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00527
= Weight in lbs. per foot
TOOL STEEL
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.00785
= Weight in kilograms per metre
TOOLING PLATE
(Aluminium)
- Width in mm x Thickness in mm x 0.0027
= Weight in kilograms per metre
General:
lbs. per foot x 1.4880
= kilograms per metre
kilograms per metre x 0.6720
= lbs. per foot
Feet x 0.3048
= metres
Metres x 3.2809
= feet
U.K. tons per sq. inch (tons f/in.2) x 15.4443
= Mega Pascals (MPa)
Mega Pascals (MPa) x 0.064749
= u.k. tons f per square inch
Newton per sq. millimeter (N/mm2) x 0.064749
= U.K. tons f per square inch.
Mega Pascals (MPa) x 145.0377
= pounds per square inch (psi)
Units of Stress:
This book has used the megapascal (MPa) as the standard unit of stress. The same values may be seen in other publications
as Newtons per square millimetre (N/mm2). To obtain other units of stress the following conversion factors may be used to get
approximate values.
From
To
MPa
kg/mm
MPa
psi
MPa
Tons/in2
2
Multiply by
From
To
0.102
kg/mm
MPa
9.8
145
psi
MPa
0.0069
0.065
Tons/in2
MPa
15.4
2
Multiply by
Fletcher Easysteel Page 95
Services:>
Indent
Indent Sourcing
For the products and quantities outside our stocking policy, Fletcher Easysteel has many years of experience in sourcing a
comprehensive range of steel and related products for our customers for the products and quantities outside our stocked
range. The resulting well established channels, relationships with suppliers, and collective purchasing leverage means
Fletcher Easysteel is well positioned to cater for your indent requirements.
Further, our ability to co-ordinate indent orders in a centralised operation ensures excellent service at all times.
In addition to our normal ex-stock range which can also be sourced through indent, Fletcher Easysteel has indent channels for
an extensive range of products which include the following:
Steel Sheet Piling
7 Wire Strand and Wire
Steel Rails
Spring Steels
Boiler Tubes
Head Plates (Dished Ends)
Tool Steels
Forgings
Titanium
Hollow Bar
Inconel - Nickel Alloys
Elmedur - Copper Alloys
Flat Rolled Steel Products:
• Tin Plate and Tin Free Steel
• Terne Sheet
• Electrical Steels
• Electrogalv Steel
• Hot Dip Galvanised Steel
• Galfan
• Zincalume
• Cold Rolled Sheet and Coil (all grades)
• Prepainted Sheet and Coil
• Enamelling Sheet and Coil
• Aluminised Sheet and Coil
• High Carbon Steel and Coil
Please contact your local Easysteel Sales Centre with your enquiry.
Fletcher Easysteel Page 96
Auckland InvercargillRotorua
575 Great South Road,
Penrose, Private Bag 92803,
Auckland.
Ph: 09 525 9400
Fax: 09 525 9401
54 Tweed Street,
Tallyho Street,
P.O.Box 957,
P.O.Box 331,
Invercargill.Rotorua.
Ph: 03 211 0696 Ph: 07 348 3039
Fax: 03 218 2318
Fax: 07 347 7353
Hamilton
Hawkes Bay
Tauranga
Ellis Street,
P.O.Box 828,
Hamilton.
Ph: 07 846 2700 Fax: 07 846 2708 Cnr Omahu and Wilson Road,
Private Bag 6005,
Hastings.
Ph: 06 873 9036
Fax: 06 879 6880
99 Aviation Ave,
Mt. Maunganui
P.O.Box 450, Tauranga
Ph: 07 572 9700
Fax: 07 572 9707
ChristchurchNelson
Wellington
Lunns Road, Middleton,
P.O.Box 8372, Riccarton,
Christchurch.
Ph: 03 348 8479
Fax: 03 343 0320
42 Beach Road,
Richmond,
Nelson.
Ph: 03 543 8215 Fax: 0800 432 793
Burnham Street
Private Bag,
Petone.
Ph: 04 570 8472
Fax: 04 570 8473
Dunedin
New Plymouth
Whangarei
Cnr Otaki and Orari Street,
P.O.Box 34,
Dunedin.
Ph: 0800 327 978
Fax: 0800 432 793
Corbett Road, Bell Block,
Private Bag 2003,
New Plymouth.
Ph: 06 755 9039 Fax: 06 755 2099
33 Rewarewa Road,
P.O.Box 292,
Whangarei.
Ph: 09 470 2510
Fax: 09 438 4589
Palmerston North
120 Kaimanawa Street, Kelvin Grove,
Private Bag 11017,
Palmerston North.
Ph: 06 354 2622
Fax: 06 354 2623
As part of Fletcher Easysteel’s policy of continued product improvement, the company reserves the right, at any time, at their discretion
and without notice to discontinue or change the features, designs, materials, colours and other specifications of their product and to
either permanently or temporarily withdraw any such products from the market without incurring any liability. This publication is issued
as a general guide only and should not be treated as a substitute for detailed technical advice in relation to individual circumstances.
Fletcher Easysteel disclaim any liability for loss or damage suffered from the use of such data. To the best of our knowledge, all
information is correct at the time of printing. A division of Fletcher Building Ltd. Copyright December 2008.