2015-2016 LVV4U1 Syllabus 2161KB Aug 18 2015 01:01:43 PM

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2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 1!
Franz Matsch, Triumph of Achilles
Jacques-Louis David, The Intervention of the Sabine Women
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 2!
Table of Contents
Department Course Outline
P.3
Course Information
P.4
Unit 1 Schedule
P.5
Unit 2 Schedule
P.6
Unit 3 Schedule
P.7
Unit 4 Schedule
P.8
Evaluation Breakdown Tracking Sheet & Marking Schemes
P.9
Unit Test Outlines
P.10
Roman Numerals, Months of the Year
P.11
Greek Alphabet
P.12
Ancient Greek Dialects & Roman Empire Maps
P.13
Olympian Gods Chart & Chronological Ages Chart
P.14
Roman Emperor Chart
P.15
Timeline of Roman History
P.16
Grammatical Information Guide
P.17
Resources
P.18
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 3!
EARL HAIG CLASSICAL & MODERN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT LVV4U1: CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION
EVALUATION PROFILE & OUTLINE
Course Description/Rationale/Overview
This course allows students to explore the beliefs and achievements of the classical world, which have shaped Western thought and civilization. Students will
investigate such aspects of classical culture as its mythology, art, literature, and philosophy, as well as elements of ancient Greek and Latin, through a variety
of activities such as dramatizations, audio-visual presentations, and discussions. By reading classical authors in English and examining archaeological
Class Requirements
All course handouts and Exercises readings are available at…
www.earlhaig.ca/departments/socialscience/downloads/
You must download them yourself, or bring a memory storage device to
class to transfer the file.
The following texts will be used for language lessons…
Text 1: Cambridge Latin Course Unit 1
Replacement cost: $40.00
Text 2: Cambridge Latin Course Unit 2
Replacement: $40.00
Course Requirements/Department Policies
Late Assignments
For each assignment, the teacher will inform students of the due date and the
ultimate deadline. The ultimate deadline is the last opportunity for students to
submit an assignment for evaluation and is not negotiable. If an assignment
is handed in after the ultimate deadline, it will not be evaluated and a mark of
zero will be assigned.
Missed Tests
It is the student’s responsibility to make arrangements, ahead of time, for any
tests/quizzes that are missed. If a student misses a test/quiz for an
unforeseen reason such as illness, the student must bring a note signed by a
parent or guardian and be prepared to write the test/quiz immediately upon
return to school at a time determined by the teacher. Once the tests/quizzes
have been evaluated and returned, students will not be able to make up a
missed test - a mark of zero will be assigned.
Assessment Strategies
Each unit or strand of the course will be evaluated using summative evaluations. Students will also be expected to complete assessment activities of a
formative nature in order to learn and practice the specific expectations that will compose these summative evaluations. Examples of summative evaluations
are tests, case studies, interviews, reports, presentations, Seminar Discussions, debates, research and other writing assignments.
Achievement Categories and Weighting
Knowledge and Understanding
Thinking and Inquiry
Communication
Application
25%
25%
25%
25%
Evaluation
Summative evaluations completed at the end of each unit of study will be
worth 70% of the final mark. These may include a variety of different
evaluation methods and strategies such as tests, exams, debates,
seminar discussions, presentations, research assignments, and essays.
Learning Skills
Students will also have their Learning Skills assessed as part of normal class
work and while completing summative evaluations. The ability to work
independently, teamwork, organization skills, work habits and initiative will be
assessed and communicated in the Learning Skills section of the report card.
FINAL MARK
The final mark for this course will be determined based upon an accumulation
of marks from unit summative activities and from a final summative evaluation.
Year’s Work
70%
Final Summative Evaluation 30%
This will be completed during the final 6 weeks of the course and may include
a variety of summative activities including an exam, a presentation, a Seminar
Discussion, or an essay or another writing assignment.
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 4!
COURSE INFORMATION
Instructor Information:
Mr. André Wittmann, B.A., M.A., B.Ed.
Social Science Office (room 328)
Earl Haig Secondary School
100 Princess Ave., North York, ON, M1N 3R7
Tel: (416) 395-3110 ext. 20075
andre.wittmann@tdsb.on.ca
Turnitin.com Information:
To be announced & posted on department download website
On-line Course Handouts, Assignments, Readings & Materials:
• All course handouts & materials are available on line at http://www.earlhaig.ca/departments/socialscience/downloads/
• You must download them yourself, for they will not be distributed in class.
• Downloadable PDFs
• Print textbook = Cambridge Latin Course Unit 1 & Unit 2
Course Structure:
• Monday for Day 1 classes and Tuesday for Day 2 classes will be multimedia civilization lectures.
• Thursday for Day 1 classes and Friday for Day 2 classes will be classical language lessons.
• Wednesday classes will be used for review classes, make up missed classes and addition language learning.
Homework Submission:
• Your weekly language homework will be checked for completion and taken up during the following language lesson
• There is no ultimate due date for weekly homework.
• Homework is assessed for learning skills, except 1 per unit which will be randomly evaluated.
Culminating (Formative) Assignment Submission:
• You must submit only a digital copy on the due date, to Trunitin.com.
• No hard copy required.
• Assignments are evaluated and included in the course mark.
Policy for Late Submission of Culminating (Formative) Unit Assignments:
• The there are 2 due dates during the formative period, the first due date and the ultimate due date.
• If first due date is missed, a mark of zero is recorded until assignment is received.
• If ultimate due date is missed, a final mark of zero will be entered into the report card.
Policy for Missed Culminating (Formative) Unit Tests:
• A missed test or quiz will receive a mark of zero unless an official signed doctor’s note is provided.
• After an official signed doctor’s note is provided, a remake test will be scheduled.
• Tests are evaluated and included in the course mark.
Class, Presentation & Seminar Discussion Conduct:
• You may only go to the washroom during the first 5 minutes of class, after which you many not leave class.
• No leaving class once the presentation has begun and you won`t be let in once we begin.
• As an audience member be respectful and actively listen and participate.
• Be actively engaged and do not listen to iPods or texting, etc.
Summative Evaluation:
• The summative evaluation will be a final exam held in June, encompassing the entire course (30% of your final mark).
Footnote & Bibliography Style:
• Use the MLA style available online from School Library website. http://earlhaig.ca/library/research-help/mla-works-cited/
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 5!
UNIT 1: GREEK CIVILIZATION
Lectures/Language Lessons/Tests
1 1. Why Study Greek & Roman Civilization lecture
2. Distribute course syllabus
2 1. Bronze & Dark Age Greece lecture
2. Colonization & Tyranny lecture
3 1. Sparta in the Archaic Period lecture
2. Athens in the Archaic Period lecture
4 1. Greek Alphabet lecture
2. Persian Wars lecture
5 1. After thePersian Wars lecture
2. Map & Alphabet Test*
Assignments/Homework/Reading/Viewing
1. Research Homer & Hesiod
2. Type up a 200 word biography on each
1. Research Heinrich Schliemann & Sir Author Evans
2. Type a 200 word biography on each
1. Research Herodotus & Thucydides
2. Type a 200 word biography on each.
1. Bettany Hughes, Ancient Worlds: The Spartans, Ep.5
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uq1T-y0Sino)
1. Bettany Hughes, Ancient Worlds: Athens The Truth About
Democracy, Ep.6
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPnUK176AR0)
6 STAGE 1 (word order)
1. Rise of Athens lecture
2. Reading: Caecilius (p.10-16)
3. Practicing the Language (p.9)
4. Word Study (p.17),
1. Practicing the Language (p.9)
2. Written Translation: Cerberus (p.7)
3. Word Study (p.17)
7 STAGE 2 (nominative & accusative case)
1. Peloponnesian War lecture
2. Reading: Daily Life (p.30-32)
3. Practice Sentences (p.20-23)
4. About the Language (p.26)
5. CD Reading: in tricliniō (p.25)
1. Practicing the Language (p.27-28)
2. Written Translation: mercātor (p.24)
3. Word Study (p.33),
8 STAGE 3 (1st, 2nd, 3rd declension)
1. Rise Thebes & Macedonia lecture
2. Reading: Town of Pompeii (p.43-48)
3. Practice Sentences (p.37-38)
4. About the Language (p.41)
5. CD Reading: venalicus (p.40)
1. Practicing the Language (p.42)
2. Written Translation: in foro (p.36)
3. Word Study (p.49)
9 STAGE 4 (1st & 2nd person singular)
1. Alexander the Great lecture
2. Reading: The Forum (p.62-66)
3. Practice Sentences (p.52-57)
4. About the Language (p.59)
5. CD Reading: in basilica (p.58)
1. Practicing the Language (p.60 only)
2. Written Translation: Hermogenes (p.57)
3. Word Study (p.67)
10 1. Hellenistic Period lecture
2. Unit 1 Test*
N/A
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 6!
UNIT 2: MYTHS OF THE GREEK GODS
Lectures/Language Lessons/Tests
Assignments/Homework/Reading/Viewing
1 STAGE 5 (3rd person plural, nominative plural)
1. Nature of Greek Myth lecture
2. Reading: The Theater at Pompeii (p.81-84)
3. Practice Sentences (p.70-73)
4. About the Language I & II (p.75-76 & 78)
5. CD Reading: Poppaea (p.77)
1. Practicing the Language (p.79)
2. Written Translation: actores (p.74)
3. Word Study (p.85)
2 STAGE 6 (3rd person imperfect & perfect 3 singular)
1. Myths of Creation & the Rise of Zeus lecture
2. Reading: Slaves and Freedmen (p.97-100)
3. Practice Sentences (p.88-90)
4. About the Language (p.93-94)
5. CD Reading: Felix et fur (p.92)
1. Practicing the Language (p.96, B & D)
2. Written Translation: Felix (p.91),
3. Word Study (p.101)
3 STAGE 7 (perfect tense, sentence pattern)
1. Origins of Mortals lecture
2. Reading: Roman Beliefs about… (p.115-118)
3. Practice Sentences (p.104-105)
4. About the Language I & II (p.107 & 111)
5. CD Reading: Decens (p.108)
1. Practicing the Language (p.112)
2. Written Translation: Metella et Melissa (p.114)
3. Word Study (p.119)
1. Older Olympians lecture
2. Unit 2 Translation Assignment*
N/A
4 STAGE 8 (accusative plural & superlative adjectives)
1. Younger Olympians lecture
2. Reading: Gladiatorial Shows (p.134-138)
3. Practice Sentences & Oral Translation (p.122-124)
4. About the Language I & II (p.130 & 132)
5. CD Reading: pastor et leo (p.131)
1. Practicing the Language (p.133)
2. Written Translation: in arēnā (p.127)
3. Word Study (p.139)
5 STAGE 9 (dative case & personal pronouns)
1. Myths of Female Fertility lecture
2. Reading: The Baths (p.154-158)
2. Practice Sentences (p.142-144)
3. About the Language (p.148-149)
4. CD Reading: in taberna (p.149)
1. Practicing the Language (p.151)
2. Written Translation: in palaestra (p.146)
3. Word Study (p.159)
6 STAGE 10 (1st & 2nd person plural, esse)
1. Myths of Male Fertility lecture
2. Reading: Education (p.175-158)
3. Practice Sentences (p.162-165)
4. About the Language I & II (p.170-171)
5. CD Reading: statuae (p.168)
1. Practicing the Language (p.174)
2. Written Translation: contrōversia (p.166)
3. Word Study (p.179)
7 1. Myths of Death lecture
2. Unit 2 Test*
N/A
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 7!
UNIT 3: ROMAN REPUBLIC
Lectures/Language Lessons/Tests
Assignments/Homework/Reading/Viewing
1 STAGE 11 (intransitive verbs, placet)
1. Origins of Rome (1200-509 BC) lecture
2. Reading: Local Government &… (p.194-198)
3. Practice Sentences & Marcus & Quartus (p.182-184)
4. About the Language I & II (p.186-187 & 191)
5. CD Reading: Sulla (p.185)
1. Practicing the Language (p.192-193)
2. Written Translation: Lūcius Spurius Pomp… (p.188-190)
3. Word Study (p.199)
2 STAGE 12 (1st & 2nd person imperfect, perfect)
1. Archaeology & History of Early Rome lecture
2. Reading: The Destruction &… (p.216-220)
3. Practice Sentences (p.202-204)
4. About the Language (p.212-213)
5. CD Reading: tremōrē (p.206-207) & ad urban (p.208)
1. Practicing the Language (p.214 only)
2. Written Translation: ad villam (p.209) & finis (p.210)
3. Word Study (p.221)
3 1. Unit 3 Translation Assignment*
N/A
4 STAGE 13 (present active infinitive, volo, nolo, possum)
1. Roman Republic & Punic Wars (509-201BC) lecture
2. Reading: Britannia (p.17-24)
3. Textbook Turnover
4. Practice Sentences (p.2-4)
5. Practicing the Language (p.15-16)
1. Practicing the Language (p.15-16)
2. Written Translation: Bregans (p.8-10)
3. Word Study (p.25)
5 STAGE 14 (adjective agreement, ablative case, preposition)
1. Roman Society during the Republic lecture
2. Readings: Life in Roman Britain (p.44-48)
3. Practice Sentences (p.28-29)
4. About the Language I, II & III (p.34-35, 38, 40-41)
5. CD Reading: Domitlla cubiculum parat.. (p.32-33)
1. Practicing the Language (p.43)
2. Written Translation: Rufilla (p.30-31)
3. Word Study (p.49)
6 STAGE 15 (relative clauses)
1. Expansion of the Republic (201-130 BC)
2. Reading: The Celts: Friend or Foe? (p.64-68)
3. Practice Sentences (p.52-53)
4. About the Language I & II (p.58-59)
5. Reading: caerimonia (p.56-57)
1. Practicing the Language (p.63)
2. Written Translation: ad aulam (p.54-55)
3. Word Study (p.69)
7 1. Julius Caesar & the Rise of the Empire (130 BC-4) lecture
2. Unit 3 Test*
N/A
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 8!
UNIT 4: ROMAN EMPIRE
Lectures/Language Lessons/Tests
Assignments/Homework/Reading/Viewing
1 STAGE 16 (pluperfect tense, questions)
1. Augustus & the Julio-Claudian Dynasty (4-69) lecture
2. Reading: The Palace at Fishborne (p.83-88)
3. Practice Sentences (p.72-73)
4. About the Language I & II (p.78 & 80)
5. CD Reading: rex spectaculum dat I & II (p.75-77)
1. Practicing the Language (p.81-82)
2. Written Translation: Quintus de se (p.79)
3. Word Study (p.89)
2 STAGE 17 (genitive)
1. Flavian Dynasty & 5 Good Emperors (69-192)
2. Reading: Alexandria (p.104-110)
3. Practice Sentences (p.92-93)
4. About the Language (p.97)
5. CD Reading: tumultus I & II (p.94-96)
1. Practicing the Language (p.102-103)
2. Questions from tumultus I & II (p.94-96)
3. Word Study (p.111)
3 STAGE 18 (neuter noun, 4th &5th declensions)
1. Roman Society during the Empire lecture
2. Reading: Glassmaking (p.127-134)
3. Oral Translation of taberna (p.114)
4. About the Language I & II (p.118 & 122)
5. CD Reading: pro taberna Clementis (p.123)
1. Practicing the Language (p.125-126)
2. Written Translation: in officina Eutychi I & II (p.116-117)
3. Word Study (p.135)
4 1. Unit 4 Translation Assignment*
N/A
5 STAGE 19 (hic & ille, imperatives, vocative)
1. lecture Diocletian & Constantine (192-337) lecture
2. Reading: The Worship of Isis (p.154-158)
3. Practice Sentences (p.138-139)
4. About the Language I, II & III (p.144, 147 & 151)
5. CD Reading: navis sacra (p.148)
1. Practicing the Language (p.152-153)
2. Written Translation: Pompa (p.145-146)
3. Word Study (p.221)
6 STAGE 20 (present active participle, is,ea, id)
1. lecture
2. Reading: Medicine and Science (176-180)
3. Practice Sentences (p.162-163)
4. About the Language I & II (p.166-167 & 170)
5. CD Reading: testamentum (p.172-173)
1. Practicing the Language (p.174-175)
2. Written Translation: Petro (p.164-165)
3. Word Study (p.181)
7 1. Unit 4 Quiz*
N/A
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 9!
EVALUATION BREAKDOWN & TRACKING
Assignments & Tests
Due Date
1. Unit 1 Random Homework Evaluation
Ultimate Due Date
Out of
n/a
/12
2. Unit 1 Map Test
/68
3. Unit 1 Test
/85
4. Unit 2 Random Homework Evaluation
n/a
/12
5. Unit 2 Test
/125
6. Unit 2 Translation Assignment
/56
7. Unit 3 Random Homework Evaluation
n/a
/12
8. Unit 3 Test
/150
9. Unit 3 Translation Assignment
/53
10.Unit 4 Random Homework Evaluation
n/a
/12
11. Unit 4 Quiz
/80
12. Unit 4 Translation Assignment
/160
Final Examination
/260
RANDOM HOMEWORK EVALUATION MARKING SCHEME
TOTAL MARK = _______ / 12
Practicing the Language
Accurately completed the grammatical morphology of words.
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
Written Translation
Accurately completed, in proper English, by verbatim
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
Word Study
Accurately provided the etiological answer to the corresponding words.
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
TRANSLATION ASSIGNMENT MARKING SCHEME
TOTAL MARK = _______ / 12 X 10 = _______ / 120
Grammatical Accuracy
Nouns/Adjectives (case & usage), Verbs (tense, person, number, voice, mood)
Translation accounts for all words/phrases
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
Terminology
Reflects the student’s basic knowledge of target language vocabulary
Reflects the student’s consideration of vocabulary in context
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
Syntax and Phrasing
Reflects clear consideration of proper syntax (word order, arrangement)
Proper phrasing applied (adjectives/noun modification, prepositional phrases)
Clauses are properly maintained
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
Style and Mechanics
Reflects written conventions of the target language (“Does this look and sound like Latin/
English?”)
Reflects student’s consideration of spelling, punctuation, etc.
Incomplete
0
Needs
Improvement
1
Satisfactory
2
Good
3
Excellent
4
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page !10
UNIT TEST OUTLINES
Unit 1 Map Test: (68 marks)
1. Greek Alphabet (syllabus p.12) both uppercase & lowercase. (48 marks)
2. Map of Greece (syllabus p.13). Identify cities & areas. (20 marks)
Unit 1 Test: (82 marks)
1. Latin Noun Declension Chart (CLC p.226): Complete the following chart. (20 marks)
2. Latin Verb – “I am”, “to be” Chart (CLC p.232): Complete the following chart. (10 marks)
3. Greek & Latin Vocabulary Checklist (CLC St. 1-3): Give English translation. (22 marks)
4. Match the correct dates with the appropriate chronological age (syllabus p.14). (5 marks)
5. Identify 5 terms/names/events from below & state the following… (5 x 5 = 25marks)
a) Identify who or what it is.(1 mark)
b) State time & place or origin & literal, meaning (2 marks)
c) State the significance or role in Greek history (2 marks)
Alcibiades a) Athenian leader of the Sicilian Expedition
b) Athens, 415 B.C.
c) The night before leading the attack he destroyed the herms of Athens, thus Athenians believed he cursed the expedition and the out
come of the Peloponnesian war.
1. Linear B
2. Ionia
3. Dorians
4. polis
5. apoikia/metropolis
6. helots
7. eupatrids
8. hoplite
9. Solon
10. Cleisthenes
11. ostracism
12. Thermopylae
13. Delian League
14. Sicilian Expedition
15. Pericles
Unit 2 Test: (125 marks)
1. Present Tense Verb Chart (CLC p.231): Complete the following chart. (20 marks)
2. Imperfect Tense Verb Charts (CLC p.231): Complete the following chart (20 marks)
3. Perfect Tense Verb Charts (CLC p.231): Complete the following chart (20 marks)
4. Latin Checklist Vocabulary (CLC St.4-7): Give English translation. (20 marks)
5. Complete chart of Olympian Gods (syllabus p.14). (20 marks)
6. Using same format as #5 of Unit 1 Test, identify 5 terms/names/events from below… (5 x 5 = 25marks)
1. animism
2. anthropormorphism
3. legends
4. Theogany
5. heiros gamos
6. succession myth
7. Feast at Mecone
8. universal flood
9. xenia
Unit 3 Test: (150 marks)
1. Noun Declension Chart (CLC2 p.186-187): Complete the following chart. (48 marks)
2. 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives (CLC2 p.192): Complete the following chart. (24 marks)
3. Comparison of Adjectives (CLC2 p.194): Complete the following chart. (6 marks)
4. Latin Checklist Vocabulary (St.13-15): Give English translation. (22 marks)
5. Chart of Roman Emperors (syllabus p.15) from August to Valentinian I. (50 marks)
Unit 4 Quiz: (80 marks)
1. Imperfect Tense Verb Charts (CLC2 p.202): Complete the following chart (20 marks)
2. Perfect Tense Verb Charts (CLC2 p.202): Complete the following chart (20 marks)
3. Pluperfect Tense Verb Charts (CLC2 p.203): Complete the following chart (20 marks)
4. Latin Checklist Vocabulary (St.16-20): Give English translation. (20 marks)
10. castration of Uranus
11. Apollo
12.mystery religions
13. Eleusis
14. Athena
15. Dionysus
2015-2016 GRADE 12 CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION COURSE SYLLABUS
LVV4U1 - Mr. A. Wittmann - Page 11
!
ROMAN NUMERALS
1= I
21 = XXI
41 = XLI
61 = LXI
81 = LXXXI
200 = CC
2 = II
22 = XXII
42 = XLII
62 = LXII
82 = LXXXII
300 = CCC
3 = III
23 = XXIII
43 = XLIII
63 = LXIII
83 = LXXXIII
400 = CD
4 = IV
24 = XXIV
44 = XLIV
64 = LXIV
84 = LXXXIV
500 = D
5=V
25 = XXV
45 = XLV
65 = LXV
85 = LXXXV
600 = DC
6 = VI
26 = XXVI
46 = XLVI
66 = LXVI
86 = LXXXVI
700 = DCC
7 = VII
27 = XXVII
47 = XLVII
67 = LXVII
87 = LXXXVII
800 = DCCC
8 = VIII
28 = XXVIII
48 = XLVIII
68 = LXVIII
88 = LXXXVIII
900 = CM
9 = IX
29 = XXIX
49 = XLIX
69 = LXIX
89 = LXXXIX
1000 = M
10 = X
30 = XXX
50 = L
70 = LXX
90 = XC
2000 = MM
11 = XI
31 = XXXI
51 = LI
71 = LXXI
91 = XCI
3000 = MMM
12 = XII
32 = XXXII
52 = LII
72 = LXXII
92 = XCII
4000 = MMMM
13 = XIII
33 = XXXIII
53 = LIII
73 = LXXIII
93 = XCIII
5000 = MMMMM
14 = XIV
34 = XXXIV
54 = LIV
74 = LXXIV
94 = XCIV
6000 = MMMMMM
15 = XV
35 = XXXV
55 = LV
75 = LXXV
95 = XCV
7000 = MMMMMMM
16 = XVI
36 = XXXVI
56 = LVI
76 = LXXVI
96 = XCVI
8000 = MMMMMMMM
17 = XVII
37 = XXXVII
57 = LVII
77 = LXXVII
97 = XCVII
18 = XVIII
38 = XXXVIII
58 = LVIII
78 = LXXVIII
98 = XCVIII
19 = XI
39 = XXXIX
59 = LIX
79 = LXXIX
99 = XCIX
20 = XX
40 = XL
60 = LX
80 = LXXX
100 = C
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
January: Janus, Roman god of doors, beginnings, sunset and sunrise, had one face looking forward and one backward.
February: On February 15 the Romans celebrated the festival of forgiveness for sins (februare, Latin to purify).
March: Mars, the Roman god of war, opening month of the war season.
April: Roman month Aprilis, perhaps derived from aperire (Latin to open, as in opening buds and blossoms)
May: Maia, Roman goddess, mother of Mercury by Jupiter and daughter of Atlas.
June: Juno, chief Roman goddess.
July: Renamed for Julius Caesar in 44 BC, who was born this month; Quintilis, Latin for fifth month, was the former name.
August: Formerly Sextilis (sixth month in the Roman calendar); re-named in 8 BC for Augustus Caesar.
September: September, (septem, Latin for 7) the seventh month in the Julian or Roman calendar, est. in the reign of J. Caesar.
October: Eighth month (octo, Latin for 8) in the Julian (Roman) calendar.
November: Ninth Roman month (novem, Latin for 9).
December: Julian (Roman) year's tenth month (decem, Latin for 10).
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GREEK ALPHABET
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OLYMPIAN GOD
ROMAN NAME
ROLE
Aphrodite
Venus
goddess of love and beauty
Apollo
Apollo
god of the sun, arts, and medicine;
ideal of male beauty
Ares
Mars
god of war
Artemis
Diana
goddess of hunting and protector of
wild animals
Athena
Minerva
goddess of wisdom, warfare, and
crafts
Demeter
Ceres
goddess of grain, farming, and soil
Hephaestus
Vulcan
god of fire, volcanoes, and industry
Hera
Juno
queen of the gods, protector of
marriage and childbirth
Hermes
Mercury
messenger of the gods, patron of
travelers, merchants, and thieves
Hestia
Vesta
goddess of the hearth
Poseidon
Neptune
god of the sea
Zeus
Jupiter
king of the gods, protector of justice
and social order
Dionysus
Bacchus
god of wine and revelry
Hades
Pluto
king of the underworld
Persephone
Proserpina
queen of the underworld
OTHER MAJOR DEITIES
CHRONOLOGICAL AGES OF GREECE
Bronze Age
3000 - 1100 BCE
Dark Ages
1100 - 800 BCE
Colonization Period
800 - 600 BC
Archaic Period
600 - 480 BC
Classical Period
480 - 323 BC
Hellenistic Period
323 - 32 BC
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ROMAN EMPERORS TO CONSTANTINE
REIGN
Augustus (Imp. Caesar Augustus)
27 BC-AD 14
Tiberius (Ti. Caesar Augustus)
AD 14-37
Gaius / Caligula (C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus)
37-41
Claudius (Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)
41-54
Nero (Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)
54-68
Galba (Ser. Sulpicius Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus)
68-69
Otho (Imp. M. Otho Caesar Augustus)
69
Vitellius (A. Vitellius Augustus Germanicus Imp.)
69
Vespasian (Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus)
69-79
Titus (Imp. Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus)
79-81
Domitian (Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus)
81-96
Nerva (Imp. Caesar Nerva Augustus)
96-98
Trajan (Imp. Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus)
98-117
Hadrian (Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus)
117-138
Antoninus Pius (Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius)
138-161
Marcus Aurelius (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)
161-180
Lucius Verus (Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus)
161-169
Commodus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus)
176-192
Pertinax (Imp. Caesar P. Helvius Pertinax Augustus)
193
Didius Julianus (Imp. Caesar M. Didius Severus Julianus Augustus)
193
Septimius Severus (Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus)
193-211
Clodius Albinus (Imp. Caesar D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Augustus)
193-197
Pescennius Niger (Imp. Caesar C. Pescennius Niger Justus Augustus)
193-194
Caracalla (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)
198-217
Geta (Imp. Caesar P. Septimius Geta Augustus)
209-211
Macrinus (Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Macrinus Augustus)
217-218
Diadumenianus (Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus Augustus)
218
Elagabal (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)
218-222
Severus Alexander (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus)
222-235
Maximinus (Imp. Caesar C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus)
235-238
Gordian I (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Senior Augustus)
238
Gordian II (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Africanus Iunior Augustus)
238
Balbinus (Imp. Caesar D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus Augustus)
238
Pupienus (Imp. Caesar M. Clodius Pupienus Augustus)
238
Gordian III (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus)
238-244
Philip (Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus)
244-249
Decius (Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus)
249-251
Trebonianus Gallus (Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus)
251-253
Volusianus (Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumianus Volusianus Augustus)
251-253
Aemilianus (Imp. Caesar M. Aemilius Aemilianus Augustus)
253
Valerian (Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus)
253-260
Gallienus (Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus)
253-268
Claudius II (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Augustus)
268-270
Quintillus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Quintillus Augustus)
270
Aurelian (Imp. Caesar Domitius Aurelianus Augustus)
270-275
Tacitus (Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus)
275-276
Florianus (Imp. Caesar M. Annius Florianus Augustus)
276
Probus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus)
276-282
Carus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus)
282-283
Carinus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus)
283-285
Numerianus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerius Numerianus Augustus)
283-284
Diocletian (Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus)
284-305
Maximian (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus)
286-305
Constantius (Imp. Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus)
305-306
Galerius (Imp. Caesar C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus)
305-311
Severus (Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus)
306-307
Maxentius (M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus)
306-312
Constantine (Imp. Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus)
307-337
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TIMELINE OF ROMAN HISTORY
Following dates are B.C.
753
Mythical founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus
753-509 The monarch of the Kings
509
Rome became a republic by overthrowing King Tarquin the Proud
494
Revolt of Plebeians against Patricians - Plebeians gain right to choose their own tribunes and have a voice in government
458
General Cincinnatus came out of retirement, put down his plow, and took up position of dictator to save Rome.
451
Rome developed the first law code, the Twelve Tables
390
Gauls invaded and sacked Rome
312
Began construction of first aqueduct and first major road
340-338 Rome defeated Latin League
275
Rome controlled all of Italian peninsula
264 - 241 First war between Rome and Carthage (First Punic War)
218 - 201 Second Punic War with Carthage with Hannibal leading the Carthage Army
202
Romans defeated Hannibal at battle of Zama
200
Romans used concrete for first time in Roman town of Palestrina
149-146 Third Punic War
89
Roman Citizenship extended to Latin and Italian Allies
85
Invention of heating system known as the hypocaust used in villas spread to most public baths
73-71
Slave revolt led by gladiator Spartacus
67
Pompey rid the Mediterranean sea of pirates
60
Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar formed alliance known as First Triumvirate
58 -51 Julius Caesar conquered all of Gaul - current day France
55-54
Julius Caesar attacked Britain
49
Julius Caesar ordered to disband army - instead began civil war
49-45
Civil war with Julius Caesar the winner
44
Julius Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March (15th)
44-30
Civil war between Marcus Antony and Octavian
42
Hortensia argued that taxes on rich women were unfair
31
Marcus Antony and Cleopatra defeated at battle of Actium
30
Marcus Antony and Cleopatra escaped to Egypt and committed suicide
27
Beginning of Empire age with Octavian claiming title of Augustus and assuming all the power of the magistrates in government
Following dates are A.D.
6
Vigils developed to protect and fight fires in city of Rome under Augustus
19
Pont du Guard aqueduct in Gaul (France) built, still stands today
30
Jesus Christ crucified in Jerusalem
64
Great fire in Rome - Nero blamed Christians and began persecution
66-73
Jewish Revolt
69-96
Flavian Period
79
Vesuvius erupted burying towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum
80
Colosseum finished
121-126 Hadrian's Wall built in Britain
130
Hadrian ordered building of Pantheon in Rome
96-138 Empire reached greatest extent under Emperors Trajan (96-117) and Hadrian (117-138)
138-193 Antonine Period of rulers
235-285 Time of Anarchy, uncertainty who was legitimate Emperor for much of the time
197
Roman soldiers given permission to marry during tour of duty
293
Diocletian split empire into four sections ruled by two co-emperors
303
Persecution of Christians
312
Constantine I invaded Italy and took over with Licinius
313
Edict of Milan gave freedom of worship to Christian Church, Christianity became official religion of Empire
324
Constantine I defeated Licinius and took over sole rule of Empire
330
Capitol moved from Rome to Constantinople (current day Istanbul) by Constantine I
395
Empire divided into East and West
410
Rome lost control of Britain
452
Attila the Hun invaded Italy - stayed out of Rome as request of Pope Leo I
453
Attila the Hun died
455
Rome sacked by Vandals
476
Fall of the Western Roman Empire by invasion of Goths
533-554 Justinian began to recapture Western Roman Empire
554-1453 Eastern Empire survived as the Byzantine Empire
632
Mohammed dies in Medina
1453
Eastern (Byzantine) Empire defeated by Ottoman Turks
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GRAMMATICAL INFORMATION GUIDE
A. Parts of Speech (Types of Words)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Noun –person, place, thing, action, quality
Pronoun –small word that assumes the function of a noun
Adjective –modifies a noun
Verb – action, occurrence
Adverb –modifies a verb
Preposition –small word that connects one concept to another
Conjunction –connecting word
Interjection –exclamation
B. Morphology (Formation of Words)
Noun:1) Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)
2) Number (singular, plural)
3) Case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative)
4) Proper, Common
Pronoun: 1) Demonstrative, Indefinite, Intensive, Interrogative, Personal, Reflexive, Relative, Possessive
2) Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)
3) Number (singular, plural)
4) Case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative)
Adjective: 1) Positive, Comparative, Superlative
2) Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)
3) Number (singular, plural)
4) Case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative)
Adverb:
1) Positive, Comparative, Superlative
Verb:
1) 1st principle part
2) Tense (present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect)
3) Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
4) Number (singular, plural)
5) Voice (active, passive, deponent)
6) Mood {Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Infinitive, Gerund (case), Gerundive (gender, number, case), Participle (gender, number, case)}
Preposition: 1) Case (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Ablative, Vocative)
Conjunction: 1) Coordinating, Subordinating
C. Syntax (Formation of Sentences)
1) Statements
2) Questions
3) Commands
4) Wishes
5) Common case uses
6) Time & place
7) Agreement
8) Attributive and Predicate uses of nouns & adjectives
9) Main & subordinate clauses
10) Common types of subordinate clauses
11) Conditional Sentences
12) Indirect Speech
13) Uses of gerund, gerundive, supine
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RESOURCES
Language and Grammar References
Allen, J.H. and J.B. Greenough. A New Latin Grammar. New Rochelle, New York: Caratzas Books, 1888.
Griffin, Robin M. A Student's Latin Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Goldman, Norma and Ladislas Szymanski. English Grammar for Students of Latin. Ann Arbor: The Olivia and Hill Press, 1993.
Goodspeed, Robert C. From Greek to Graffiti: English Words that Survive and Thrive. Smithtown, New York: Exposition Press, 1981.
Jones. Peter. Learn Latin. London: Duckworth Press, 1997.
Krill, Richard M. Greek & Latin in English Today. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1990.
Lebet, Philip E. and David J. Perry. Vocabula et Sermones: Basic Vocabulary and Sample Conversations. Oxford, Ohio: American Classical League.
Smyth, H.W. Greek Grammar. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1956.
Taylor, B.C. The Greeks Had a Word for It: A Handbook for Students of English. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984.
Taylor, B.C. Latin is Alive and Well. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973.
Traupman, John C. Conversational Latin for Oral Proficiency. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1998.
Wilson, W. Michael. Essentials of Latin Grammar. Chicago: Passport Books, 1965.
Computer References
http://www.pirahnainteractive.com
http://www.sierra.com
http://www.centaursystems.com
http://emme.com
http://www.gtinteractive.com
http://www.transparent.com
http://www.exovedate.com
Geography in the Classical World
Bardi, Piero. The Atlas of the Classical World. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 1997.
Cornell, Tim and John Matthew. Atlas of the Roman World. New York: Facts on File, 1982.
Grant, Michael. The Routledge Atlas of Classical History. London: Routledge, 1971.
Levi, Peter. Atlas of the Greek World. New York: Facts on File, 1991.
Morkot, Robert. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. London: Penguin Books, 1996.
Scarre, Chris. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome. London: Penguin Books, 1995.
Entertainments
Ash, Rhiannon. Mystery History of the Roman Colosseum. London: Aladdin Books, 1997.
Barton, Carlin. The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: the Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Chrisp, Peter. Great Buildings: The Colosseum- How It Was Built and How It Was Used. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Company, 1997.
Connolly, Peter and Hazel Dodge. The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Cullum, Albert. Greek and Roman Plays for the Intermediate Grades. Torrance, California: Fearon Teacher Aids, 1996.
Davidson, James. Courtesans and Fish Cakes. London: Harper Collins, 1997.
Hodges, Peter. Aspects of Roman Life: Roman Sport and Entertainment. Burnt Mill, Essex: Longman Group Ltd., 1974.
Macdonald, Fiona. Inside Story: The Roman Colosseum. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
Mann, Elizabeth. The Roman Colosseum. New York: Mikaya Press, 1998.
Pearson, John. Arena: The Story of the Colosseum. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973.
Watkins, Richard. Gladiator. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997.
Wiedemann, Thomas. Emperors and Gladiators. London: Routledge Press, 1992.
Food and Drink
Dalby, A. and S. Grainger. The Classical Cookbook. Malibu, California: J. Paul Geddy Trust Publications, 1996.
Flower, Barbara and Elizabeth Rosenbaum. Apicius: The Roman Cookery Book. London: n. pub. 1958.
Giacosa, I. A Taste of Ancient Rome. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Smith, Jeff. The Frugal Gourmet Cooks Three Ancient Cuisines. New York: William Morrow Company, 1989.
Woodman, Marian. Food and Cooking in Roman Britain: 40 Genuine Roman Recipes. Cirencester, Gloucester: Cotswold District Council - Museum Service, 1985.
Classical Women
Cantarella, Eva. Pandora's Daughters. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
Mackail, J.W., et al. trans. Catullus, Tibullus, Pervigilium Veneris. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1988.
Contains the poems of Sulpicia (Tibullus 3.11-18).
Fantham, Elaine, et al. Women in the Classical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
King, Helen. Hippocrates' Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece. London: Routledge, 1998.
Kleiner, Diana, ed. I, Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Art Gallery/Texas U.P. 1991.
Lattimore, Richmond , trans. Greek Lyrics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Lefkowitz, Mary R. and Maureen B. Fant. Women's Life in Greece and Rome. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Massey, Michael. Women in Ancient Greece and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Shocken Books, 1975.
Politics and Law
Adcock, F.E. Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1959.
Barry, Nicholas. An Introduction to Roman Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
Classics Department, University of Maryland. Ancient Elections and Politics. Baltimore: University of Maryland.
Crook, J.A. Law and Life of Rome. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1967.
Masciantonio, Rudolph. Legal Latin: A Teacher's Guide. Philadelphia: School District of Philadelphia.
Strasheim, Lorraine A. Oro Vos Faciatis: An “Election Unit”. Oxford, Ohio: American Classical League.
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Slavery
Barton, Carlin. The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: the Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Wiedemann, Thomas. Emperors and Gladiators. London: Routledge Press, 1992.
Wiedemann, Thomas. Greek and Roman Slavery. London: Routledge Press, 1989.
Philosophy and Religions
Cumont, Franz. Astrology and Religion Among the Greeks and Romans. New York: Dover Publishing, 1912.
Meyer, Marvin W, ed. The Ancient Mysteries: A Sourcebook - Sacred Texts of the Mystery Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean World. New York: Harper Collins, 1987.
Ogilvie, R.M. The Romans and Their Gods. London: Hogarth Press, 1986.
Art and Architecture
Chrisp, Peter. Great Buildings: The Colosseum- How It Was Built and How It Was Used. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Company, 1997.
Chrisp, Peter. Great Buildings: The Parthenon - How It Was Built and How It Was Used. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Company, 1997.
Hodges, Peter. Aspects of Roman Life: The Roman House. Burnt Mill, Essex: The Longman Group Ltd., 1974.
Hodges, Peter. Aspects of Roman Life: Roman Towns. Burnt Mill, Essex: The Longman Group Ltd., 1974.
Howarth, Sarah. Roman Places. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1995.
Macaulay, David. City: A Story of Roman Planning and Construction. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.
Macdonald, Fiona. Inside Story: A Greek Temple. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
Macdonald, Fiona. Inside Story: The Roman Colosseum. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
Martell, Hazel Mary. Metropolis: Roman Town. Brighton, England: The Salariya Book Company, 1997.
Morley, Jacqueline. Inside Story: A Roman Villa. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
Pompeii
Bisel, Sara C. The Secrets of Vesuvius. Toronto: Scholastic Press.
Connolly, Peter. Pompeii. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etienne, Robert. Pompeii: The Day a City Died. New York: Harry M. Abrams, Inc., 1992.
Goor, Ron and Nancy Goor. Pompeii: Exploring a Roman Ghost Town. New York: Harper Collins, 1986.
Lessing, Eric, and Antonio Verone. Pompeii. Paris: Editions Pierre Terrail, 1995.
Tanaka, Shelley. I Was There: The Buried City of Pompeii. Toronto: Madison Press Books, 1997.
Ventura, Piero and Gian Paolo Ceserani. In Search of Pompeii. London: Macdonald & Co., 1985.
Zanker, Paul. Pompeii: Public and Private Life. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Ancient Rome
Amery, Heather. The Time Traveller Book of Rome and Romans. London: Usborne Publishing, 1976.
Carcopino, Jérome. Daily Life in Ancient Rome. London: Penguin Books, 1941.
Clare, John D. Living History: Classical Rome. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993.
Corrick, James A. World History Series: The Byzantine Empire. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1997.
Bernard, Charlotte. Caesar and Rome. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
Buller, Jeffrey L. Historical Films in the Latin Classroom. Oxford, Ohio: American Classical League, 1992.
Ganeri, Anita. Focus on Romans. New York: Gloucester Press, 1992.
Ganeri, Anita. How Would You Survive as an Ancient Roman? New York: Franklin Watts, 1995.
Gardner, Jane F. and Wiedemann, Thomas. The Roman Household: A Sourcebook. London: Routledge, 1991.
Geyen, Marty and Linda Varju. Modern Curriculum Press - Field Trip, Ancient Rome. Cleveland: Modern Curriculum Press, 1992.
Grant, Michael. The Routledge Atlas of Classical History. London: Routledge, 1971.
Hicks, Peter. Look Into the Past: The Romans. Hove, East Sussex: Wayland Publishing, 1993.
Hodges, Peter. Aspects of Roman Life: Roman Family Life. Burnt Mill, Essex: Longman Group Ltd., 1974.
Hodges, Peter. Aspects of Roman Life: Roman Trade and Travel. Burnt Mill, Essex: Longman Group Ltd., 1974.
Howarth, Sarah. Roman People. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1995.
James, John and Louise James. Digging Deep Into the Past: The Romans. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1997.
James, Simon. Eyewitness Books: Ancient Rome. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 1990.
James, Simon. See Through History: Ancient Rome. London: Hamlyn Children’s Books, 1992.
Langley, Lee Andrew and Philip De Souza. The Roman News. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Candlewick Press, 1996.
Lewis, Napthali and Meyer Reinhold. Roman Civilizations Sourcebook I: The Republic. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.
Lewis, Napthali and Meyer Reinhold. Roman Civilizations Sourcebook II: The Empire. New York: Harper and Row, 1966.
Liberati, Anna Maria and F. Bourbon. Ancient Rome: History of a Civilization that Ruled the World. New York: Stewart, Tabori, and Chang, 1996.
Macdonald, Fiona. First Facts About the Ancient Romans. Brighton, England: The Salariya Book Company, 1996.
Martin, Peter and Richard Pulley. The Roman World from Republic to Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Millard, Anne. Welcome to Ancient Rome. Lincolnwood, Illinois: National Textbook Company, 1981.
Nardo, Don. The Way People Live: Life in Ancient Rome. San Diego: Lucent Books, 1997.
Poulton, Michael. Life in the Time of Augustus and the Ancient Romans. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck -Vaughn, 1993.
Roberts, Hildegard Wulfing. Classical Rome Comes Alive. Eaglewood, Colorado: Teacher Ideas Press, 1992.
Roberts, Paul C. The Nature Company Discoveries Library: Ancient Rome. McMahons Point, Australia: Weldon Owen Pty Limited, 1997.
Scarre, Chris. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Rome. London: Penguin Books, 1995.
Shelton, Jo-Ann. As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Veyne, Paul, ed. A History of Private Life from Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1987.
Whittock, Martyn. The Roman Empire. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1993.
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Ancient Greece
Clare, John D. I Was There: Ancient Greece. London: The Bodley Head, 1993.
Craig, Cheryl. Life in Ancient Greece. Edmonton, Alberta: Plains Publishing, Inc., 1992.
Descamps-Lequime, Sophie and Denise Vernerey. The Ancient Greeks in the Land of the Gods. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1992.
Ganeri, Anita. Focus on Ancient Greeks. Toronto: Gloucester Press, 1993.
Laisne, Claude. Art of Ancient Greece: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. Paris: Editions Pierre Terrail, 1995.
Loverance, Rowena. See Through History: Ancient Greece. London: Hamlyn Children's Books, 1992.
Macdonald, Fiona, et al. How Would You Survive as an Ancient Greek? New York: Franklin Watts, 1995.
Morkot, Robert. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Greece. London: Penguin Books, 1996.
Pearson, Anne. What Do We Know About the Ancient Greeks? Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, 1992.
Pearson, Anne. Eyewitness Books: Ancient Greece. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 1992.
Pipe, Jim. Mystery History of the Trojan Horse. London: Aladdin Books, 1997.
Poulton, Michael. Life in the Time of Pericles and the Ancient Greeks. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck -Vaughn, 1993.
Powell, Anton and Philip Steele. The Greek News. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Candlewick Press, 1996.
Rees, Rosemary. Understanding People in the Past: The Ancient Greeks. Crystal Lake, Illinois: Heinemann Library, 1997.
Schofield, Louise. The Nature Company Discoveries Library: Ancient Greece. McMahons Point, Australia: Weldon Owen Pty Limited, 1997.
Theulé, Frédéric. Alexander and His Times. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996.
Williams, A. Susan. Look Into the Past: The Greeks. Hove, East Sussex: Wayland Publishing, 1993.
Other Cultures/Roman Empire
Bianchi, Robert Steven. The Nubians: People of the Ancient Nile. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press, 1994.
Corbishley, Mike. Pathways: Timelines of the Ancient World. Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Macdonald Young Books, 1995.
Corbishley, Mike. Timelink: Ancient World. London: Hamlyn Children's Books, 1992.
Hunter, Erica D. Cultural Atlas for Young People: First Civilizations. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1994.
James, Peter, and Nick Thorpe. Wonders of the Past!: Ancient Inventions. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.
Martell, Hazel Mary. The Kingfisher Book of the Ancient World. New York: Kingfisher, 1995.
Martell, Hazel Mary. See Through History: The Celts. London: Hamlyn Children's Books, 1995.
Martell, Hazel Mary. What Do We Know About the Celts? Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire: Simon and Schuster Young Books, 1993.
Place, Robin. Clues from the Past. Hove, East Sussex: Wayland Publishing Ltd., 1993.
Tubb, Jonathan N. Eyewitness Books: Bible Lands. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, 1991.
Whittock, Martyn. The Roman Empire. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1993.
Wilkinson, Philip. Mysterious Places: The Mediterranean. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1994.
Zeinert, Karen. Cultures of the Past: The Persian Empire. New York: Benchmark Books, 1997.
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