CHEMISTRY 1710 STUDY GUIDE-CHAPTER 1 (TRO, 3rd ED.) (with
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CHEMISTRY 1710 STUDY GUIDE-CHAPTER 1 (TRO, 3rd ED.) (with suggested end of chapter problems) Key Terms and Concepts: atoms!! ! ! hypothesis! ! ! conservation of mass (35)! scientific method (33)! solid! ! ! ! crystalline! ! ! mixture! ! ! heterogeneous mixture! distillation! ! ! physical property (43-46)! chemical change (47-50)! kinetic energy! ! conversion factor! ! derived unit! ! ! volume! ! ! mass! ! ! ! length! ! ! ! temperature! ! ! density (144,145)! ! significant figures (73-82)! accuracy! ! ! molecules! ! ! chemistry experiment! ! ! scientific law theory!! ! ! atomic theory matter!! ! ! state of matter liquid! ! ! ! gas amorphous! ! ! pure substance (37-42) element! ! ! compound (37-42) homogeneous mixture! decanting volatile! ! ! filtration physical change (47-50,142)!chemical property (43-46) energy ! ! ! potential energy thermal energy! ! conservation of energy dimensional analysis! base unit English system! ! metric system liter! ! ! ! milliliter kilogram! ! ! milligram meter! ! ! ! kilometer kelvin! ! ! ! Celsius extensive property (105)! intensive property (105) exact numbers ! ! precision systematic error! ! random error Key Equations and Relationships: Density = mass/volume (be able to solve for all terms) (65-72, 114) T (in K) =T (in ºC) + 273.25 (be able to solve for all terms) (51-54) T (in ºF) = (9/5)T (in ºC) + 32 (be able to solve for all terms) (51-54) Skills: ! ! Be able to perform all basic calculations on a scientific calculator including (57) ! +, -, ÷, x, and exponentiation using scientific and conventional notation. ! ! Be able to apply the principle of significant figures to the results of calculations ! (83-88, 111) ! ! Be able to perform unit conversions within the metric system ! using a knowledge of metric prefixes (55-64, 123-125) ! ! Be able to perform conversions between units of length, mass, and volume in the ! English and metric systems (89-102, 115-119) ! ! Be able to classify samples of matter as elements, pure substances, and ! heterogeneous/homogeneous from descriptions of their behavior. CHEMISTRY 1710 STUDY GUIDE-CHAPTER 2 (TRO, 3nd ED.) (with suggested end of chapter problems) Key Terms and Concepts: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! conservation of mass (29,30)! ! law of definite proportions! (31-34, 95)! law of multiple proportions! (35-38,96,97)! atomic theory! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! cathode rays!! ! ! ! electrical charge (45,46)! ! ! electron (47-50)! ! ! ! radioactivity! ! ! ! ! nucleus! ! ! ! ! proton!(47-50)!! ! ! ! neutron (47-50)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! amu atomic number! ! ! ! isotope ! ! ! ! ! natural abundance! ! ! ! number! ! ! ! ! ion, cation,anion! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Mendeleev ! ! ! ! ! Dalton’s, Rutherford’s , Millikan’s! ! ! contributions ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! periodic law period group (family) metal (63,64) nonmetal (63,64) metalloid semiconductor main group element (65,66) transition element (65,66) noble gas (67,68) alkali metal (67,68) alkaline earth (67,68) halogen (67,68) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! atomic mass (73-78,101,115,124,129) mass spectrometry (71,79,80) mass mole Avogadro’s number molar mass of an element ! Key Equations and Relationships: Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number; N = A - Z Skills: ! ! Be able interpret the! notation to identify elements and isotopes (51-55) ! Be able to predict the sign and charge of an ion formed from a given element (59-60) ! ! Be able to “calculate” the type and number of subatomic particles in atoms and ions ! (51-58,104,105) ! Be able to “navigate” the periodic table, identifying periods and groups ! ! ! ! Be able to perform basic calculations related to the elements using the mole concept ! (81-89. 134) Cumulative and Challenge Problems: 108-110, 112, 118 CHEMISTRY 1710 STUDY GUIDE-CHAPTER 3 (TRO, 3rd ED.) (with suggested end of chapter problems) Key Terms and Concepts:! ! ! ! ! ! ! atoms, molecules ! ! element, compound!! solid, liquid, gas! ! electron, proton! ! ! ! ! ! atomic mass unit! ! atomic number! ! ion, cation, anion! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! metal, nonmetal! ! metalloid! ! ! main group element!! transition element! ! family, group, period!! noble gases! ! ! alkali metal, alkaline earth! ! ! ! ! ! halogen! ! ! mole! ! ! ! Avogadro’s number! ! molar mass! ! ! ! ! ! ! ionic bond! ! ! covalent bond! ! chemical formula ! ! empirical formula! ! molecular formula ! ! structural formula! ! atomic element (27,28)! molecular element (27,28)! molecular compound (29,30)! ionic compound (29,30)! formula unit! ! ! polyatomic ion! ! ! binary acid, oxyacid formula mass mass percent hydrate combustion analysis (95-98) combustion reaction chemical equation (109,110) reactants and products organic compounds (111,112) hydrocarbon (113,114) alkane (113-116) alkene (113,114) alkyne (113,114) functional group (117,118) Skills: ! Interpret a chemical formula in terms of the elements present (23-26, 31, 32) ! Write a correct formula for an ionic compound, given its name (33-36, 43-46) ! Give an appropriate name for an ionic compound, given its formula (37-42, 45, 46) ! Give an appropriate name for a molecular compound, given its formula (47,48) ! Write a correct formula for a molecular compound, given its name (49,58) ! Name an acid, given its formula (51,53) ! Write a formula for an acid, given its name (53,54) ! Calculate the formula mass of a compound from its formula (59,60) ! Use formula mass and Avogadro’s number in conversions (61-70) ! ! ! Calculate mass percentage of an element from a chemical formula (71-74, 121, 122) ! Perform calculations using the information in chemical formulas (79-84, 135) ! Calculate an empirical formula for compound from experimental data (85-92, 127, 128) ! Calculate molecular formula from molar mass and empirical formula (93, 94, 129, 130) ! Write and balance chemical equations from descriptive sentences (99-108) ! Misc. Cumulative Problems: 119, 120 Use mass percentage of an element in conversions (75-78)
