Name ______________________________________________ Date _______________ Period ___________
Bentley Chapter 23 Study Guide: The Transformation of Europe
Science and Enlightenment (p. 512)
1. Describe the results of early modern science.
The Reconception of the Universe: The Ptolemaic Universe and Planetary Movement (p. 512-513)
2. Read the two sections titled above. What was Ptolemy’s theory on earth and space? What was it
called?
The Reconception of the Universe: The Copernican Universe (p. 513-514)
3. What was Copernicus’s argument? What is the theory called?
4. Describe the controversy surrounding Copernicus’s theory?
The Scientific Revolution (p. 514-515)
5. What brought about the scientific revolution?
The Scientific Revolution: Galileo Galilei (p. 515)
6. Summarize the findings of Kepler and Galileo.
The Scientific Revolution: Isaac Newton (p. 515)
7. Summarize the arguments of Isaac Newton.
8. What other areas of science did scientists begin to observe and explain during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries?
Women and Science (p. 515)
9. What technology contributes to the disseminating (spreading) of scientific information, including
incorrect or negative theories about women?
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Women and Science: Emilie du Chatelet (p. 515-516)
10. What can be inferred about society’s view of women and science?
The Enlightenment: Science and Society (p. 516-517)
11. What did Enlightenment thinkers seek to discover?
12. Describe the philosophy of:
a. John Locke
b. Adam Smith
c. Montesquieu
13. Where was the center of the enlightenment and who were the philosophes?
The Enlightenment: Voltaire (p. 517)
14. What were Voltaire’s arguments and who were his targets?
The Enlightenment: The Theory of Progress (p. 518-519)
15. Describe the ideology of philosophes.
16. Explain the effects of the Enlightenment.
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