UNIT 2
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT
DO NOW
In your notes, write your own definition of a
“Revolution”
Give two examples that follow your definition
LOOKING FORWARD
• Tonight’s Homework: Reading on Edmodo, answer
all “Reading Check” questions
• Unit 2 Test on Thursday, February 21
• Study Guide on Edmodo
• Terms/ Vocabulary on Study Blue
REVOLUTION
“A forcible overthrow of a government or social order
for a new system”
Questions:
1. What was the social order during the Middle
Ages?
2. Today’s Focus: What did it switch to during the
Scientific Revolution?
LIFE
Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
• “Natural philosophers”:
relied on ancient
authorities for
knowledge
• Heavily reliant on
Church teachings
• Ptolemy: the universe
revolves around the
Earth (geocentric)
• “Scientists” make
observations about the
world
• Secular society
• Copernicus: the
universe revolves
around the Sun
(heliocentric)
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• Began in 1543
(Copernicus)
• 1610” Galileo publishes
The Starry Messenger
• Isaac Newton: Principa
• Universal law of
gravitation: every object
in the universe is
attracted to every other
object by a force called
gravity
• Supported Galileo’s
findings
MEDICINE AND MODERN SCIENCE
• Andreas Vesalius: studied anatomy, believed there
were two types of blood
• William Harvey: showed that the heart was the
beginning point of circulation for the body
• Robert Boyle: studied the properties of gases
• Margaret Cavendish: studied humans and
concluded that humans are not more powerful
than nature
• Maria Winkelman: self-taught astronomer
• Francis Bacon: created the scientific method
GALILEO VS. THE CHURCH
• Joshua 10-13: So the
sun stood still in the
midst of heaven
and hasted not to
go down about a
whole day
• Psalm 104: Who laid
the foundations of
the earth, that it
should not be
removed for ever
DAY 2
DO NOW
Which of the following is the best translation of the
Enlightenment term philosophe?
a. Scholar
b. Revolutionary
c. Reformer
d. Critical thinker
e. Scientist
LOOKING FORWARD
• Tonight’s Homework: “This I Believe”
• Unit 2 Test: THURSDAY!
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
• 1700s: philosophical
movement to an
understanding of all life
• Used reason or
rationalism
• Philosophe – French
philosopher
• Writers, professors,
journalists, economics,
social reformers
• Mostly upper class or middle
class
• Role of philosophy: to
change the world
• The State of Nature
• The role of the salon
JOHN LOCKE
• Every person is born
with a tabula rasa
(blank slate)
• People are molded
by their experiences,
not their natural
inclinations
• Every person has a
right to life, liberty
and property
OTHER PHILOSOPHES
• Thomas Hobbes:
“solitary, poor, nasty,
brutish and short”
• Montesquieu:
spearation of powers
• Greatest freedom and
security for the state
• Voltaire: deism,
religious toleration
• Diderot: wrote the
Encyclopedia to
change people’s
thoughts
Wright of Derby, The Orrery
ECONOMICS
• Adam Smith: laissezfaire economics (no
government
involvement!)
• Physiocrat: people
who wanted to figure
out the natural
economics laws of
the world
• Natural economics
laws: the way people
interact in the state
of nature
INDEPENDENT WORK
• Work on your own or with one partner to complete
the worksheet “Enlightenment Ideas”
• Paper copies: on the cart
• Digital copies: Unit 2 folder on Edmodo
• When you have finished, begin working on your
homework
• Independent work time = music!