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Joint Crisis Committee: The Battle for
Mount Olympus-Titans
JHUMUNC 2016
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Committee Overview
Topic A: Internal Order of the Titans
Topic B: Olympian-Titan Struggle for Power
Joint Crisis Committee: The Battle for Mount Olympus-Titans
The Olympian gods are oftentimes the central figures in Greek Mythology. Zeus is the
ruler of the universe and king of the gods. He is aided by the twelve other Olympians: Poseidon,
Hades, Hera, Demeter, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Hermes, and
Hestia/Dionysus. The stories of hero demigods such as Hercules, Perseus, Odysseus, and many
others have been the focus of many literature masterpieces such as the Iliad, the Odyssey, and
the Aeneid. The Olympian gods have been shown as patrons or enemies of these heroes, working
indirectly to help the hero succeed or fall to a tragic ending.
On the contrary, the role of the Titans is short and oftentimes forgotten. Our committee
will focus on the Titans and their allies. The Titans in Greek and Roman mythology are divine
beings who were superseded by the Olympian gods. Called Titans for their vast sizes, these gods
ruled the world before the Olympians with Chronos as their leader. An additional eleven joined
him to form the Titan leadership. However, prophecy foretold that the son of Chronos would
usurp the Titan. Out of fear, Chronos consumed his children, the Olympians, but his wife Rhea
hid away Zeus. Zeus would later come back to free his siblings and wage a war, known as the
Great Titanomachy.i
The ultimate fall of the Titans led to the reign of the Olympian and the era of heroes.
Through the years, the Olympians have grown accustomed to having power, much as Chronos
did before his fall. Petty arguments between the gods would lead to suffering of mortals.
Recently, there have been quiet rebellions against Zeus’s tyranny and negligence on Mt.
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Olympus. Are the Olympians truly the righteous rulers of the world or did they simply seize
sovereignty from the Titans by force?
Titans, as divine beings, are immortal, and despite having been defeated and locked away
by the early Olympians after their defeat during the Great Titanomachy, are slowly beginning to
regenerate along with their allies. However, just like the Olympians, the Titans are divided and
need to focus on their internal affairs. It is uncertain whether Chronos’s mistakes as a leader led
to the Titans’ suffering. Likewise, the committee must consider winning the support of the Titans
who remained neutral or sided with the Olympians during the Great Titanomachy. Finally, there
is the ultimate question of what will become of the Titan-Olympian relationship with the reemergence of the Titans and their allies. The two topics that the committee will address are the
following: The Internal Order of the Titans and the Olympian-Titan Struggle for Power.
This committee, the Joint Crisis Committee for Titans, will work closely with the other
Joint Crisis Committee: Olympians. What becomes of our relationship with the Olympians
regarding the two topics will ultimately be for the delegates themselves to decide.
Parliamentary Procedure
The committee will follow the JHUMUNC parliamentary procedure, especially those
concerning a Quadrumvirate/Joint Crisis committee. The Chair and Dais reserve the right to
make any changes to facilitate the progress of the committee at any time. Suspensions and
changes to the rules may be done especially during a crisis situation or when dealing with the
other committee, JCC: Olympians.
Delegate Biographies
It is important to realize that with mythology, there will be many different versions of the
same story and person. Some versions may contradict each other, making it difficult or unclear to
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determine the delegate’s position. As such, it is greatly advised to contact the committee’s Chair
if you have any questions regarding your character when writing the delegate paper. The Chair’s
contact information can be found in the committee’s Chair Letter on the JHUMUNC website.
The versions in the following character biography section listed in this background guide will be
the ones used for this conference, chosen by the Chair and Dais of this committee. As there are
various ways to spell each of the delegates, the spelling of the delegates in this guide is how they
will be spelled in position papers and during conference. Finally, although these character
biographies will give delegates sufficient information about their positions, the delegate
themselves may have flexibility in determining their views in the lesser issues and may be
swayed by debate. Adaptability in regards to certain issues will be very important for delegates
to have, especially when faced with conflicting information, valid arguments, and crises.
Chronos
Chronos is the youngest of the twelve Titans born from Ouranus and Gaea, but he also
serves as the leader. He, along with Hyperion, Iapetus, Crius, and Coeus, usurped his father
Ouranus and brought the Titans to power. Although he was wise and powerful, Chronos soon
became obsessed with power and acted as a tyrannical leader after many years. He consumed his
children (Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hestia, and Hera) and was about to consume Zeus in order
to stop the prophecy of the Olympians overthrowing the Titans. However, Rhea’s interference
lead to Zeus surviving and defeating Chronos. He was later imprisoned in Tartarus. In Roman
mythology, Chronos is known as Saturn and was revered as the god of harvest and the Golden
Age. Chronos has a strong hatred of the Olympians and the younger Titans who betrayed their
Titan brothers and sisters to assist the Olympians, which was made worse by his suffering in
Tartarus. He cannot forgive them for taking away his power and title, leaving him to rot in the pit
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in Tartarus for eternity. He is the Titan of destructive time and his signature weapon is his
scythe. Chronos is very ambitious and opportunistic, and will use intimidation against both his
allies and enemies.ii
Rhea
Rhea saved her daughter Zeus from being eaten by her husband Chronos and led to the
overthrowing of the Titans by the Olympians. However, as the compassionate mother of
Olympians, Rhea believes that the Olympians and Titans should seek solutions to coexist. Many
of the female Titans did not fight with the Titans during the Great Titanomachy, including Rhea
and her many sisters. This was actually a result of Rhea going to convince many Titans and
Titanesses to stay neutral in the upcoming conflict to see if Chronos really deserved to be in
power. As such, they were granted forgiveness by the Olympians, much to the anger of other
Titans. She wishes to respect that Titans will have different views and perhaps being unified in
action will not be the best, especially in the face of a tyrannical leader. As the wife of Chronos,
Rhea supports her husband but disapproves of his leadership style and can be swayed with
debate. Thus, she is very unsure about the new Titan leadership. Although she has opposed the
Titan majority in the past before, she does really care about the Titan community and wishes to
relieve the suffering of the Titans who were defeated and imprisoned by the Olympians.iii
Gaea
Classified as a god, and sometimes a Titan, Gaea is the mother of Chronos. Additionally,
she is one of the primordial deities, outranking many divine beings. In both this committee
(Titans) and the Olympians, Gaea is the strongest individual divine being. Many of the gods are
her descendants, including the Olympians and Titans. Gaea is the goddess of the earth, and the
phrase “mother earth” is a reference to her. Although she played a role in saving Zeus as a child,
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she now detests the Olympians for killing her children and imprisoning the Titans. She created
the Giants and Typhon to serve as enemies of the Olympians. Although incredibly powerful,
Gaea is also limited in her actions and remains in slumber for many eons. She does not care for
the unification of the Titans and can be swayed by other deities.iv
Typhon
Typhon is the last son of Gaea and Tartarus and the wife of Echidna. He is the father of
many monsters and has strong connections with monsters. Described as the largest and strongest
monster, Typhon was created to defeat Zeus and would have nearly defeated the Olympian ruler
had there not been interference from Hermes. Although incredibly powerful, Typhon was
ultimately defeated by Zeus and trapped underneath Mt. Etna. It was said that Typhon was the
greatest challenge the Olympians faced and that the Olympians, having never faced a challenge
before, cowered from Typhon and were on the defensive for much of the battle. As Typhon is
not a Titan himself, but rather their ally, he wishes to incorporate monsters into the Titan alliance
but does not care for reconciliation with the other Titans and gods. However, he does wish to
destroy the Olympians and seeks pure destruction.v
Krios
Krios is one of the elder Titans and is the Titan of South and constellations. Krios
supported Chronos when he usurped the throne from Ouranus, along with their siblings Iapetus,
Coeus, and Hyperion. Krios shares a strong bond with Chronos; Krios served as a mentor for
Chronos when he was young and views him proudly as an older brother. Of the four directional
Titans (Krios, Iapetus, Coeus, and Hyperion), he is the weakest but also the most cunning. He
also is hesitant for violence and oftentimes an advocate for peace. However, he is supportive of
underhanded tactics and will follow the general consensus of the Titan council.vi
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Iapetus
Iapetus is one of the elder Titans and is the Titan of the West and mortality. Iapetus is
often known as the “piercer” and his favourite weapon is any thrown weapon, especially the
javelin. He views Chronos as an incompetent force who should be demoted and regrets not
having attacked Ouranus himself. Iapetus is not very intelligent, however he has a great need for
violence and seems to desire conflict. He wishes to punish the Titans who sided with the
Olympians after they destroy the Olympians. Iapetus also shares a strong bond with Hyperion,
who he sees as his closest ally.vii
Coeus
Coeus is one of the elder Titans and is the Titan of the North and intellect. Being the
Titan of intelligence, Coeus is by far the wisest of the four constellation Titans (Krios, Hyperion,
Iapetus, and Coeus) and has intellect rivalling that of Athena with the ability of clairvoyance.
Although he played an active role in helping Chronos defeat Ouranus, Coeus himself has
recently become apathetic to the conflicts of Titans and Olympians. He feels that focusing too
much on the relationship with the Olympians will divert the Titans from the real issue: reforming
the internal issues of the Titans and their allies. He is open to the idea of extending a hand and
forgiving the younger Titans for siding with the Olympians. Although he is apathetic towards the
Olympians, Coeus has a strong dislike of demigod heroes and is a strong proponent of
monsters.viii
Hyperion
Hyperion is one of the elder Titans and is the Titan of the East and light. Hyperion is
incredibly powerful, being able to travel at light speed and having very destructive powers. He
has a close relationship with Iapetus, who saved his life in the past and protected him after the
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defeat of the Great Titanomachy. As a result, he shares very similar views with Iapetus. He
personally wants to depose Chronos, but is worried that others who are less competent than
Chronos may rise to power if Chronos is dethroned. He is especially cautious of the younger
generation of Titans, believing that the Olympians have corrupted them. Hyperion is the
strongest of the four directional Titans; his powers of light combined with his divine staff make
him a fearsome fighter.ix
Oceanus
Known as the Titan of the seas, Oceanus has been a neutral figure throughout much of his
life. While the five sons of Ouranus (Chronos, Coeus, Krios, Iapetus, and Hyperion) plotted to
overthrow their father, Oceanus remained neutral. Additionally, during the Great Titanomachy,
Oceanus remained neutral and was spared punishment by Zeus after the defeat of the Titans.
However, he has deeply regretted his neutrality when the Olympians became more tyrannical
with their powers. Despite this, Oceanus dislikes and somewhat fears Chronos and believes that
someone more benign should be the Titan leader. Much of his domain has been lost and many of
his supporters, including children, have been killed by heroes and Olympians. It is believed that
had Oceanus been a part of the Great Titanomachy, the Titans may have been able to defeat the
Olympians, a testament to his powers. He shares similarities with the Olympian Poseidon and
considers him a rival for domain supremacy.x
Prometheus
The story of Prometheus is perhaps the prime example of the despicable actions of the
Olympians and the benefits that the Titans have brought to mankind. Prometheus is the son of
Iapetus, but he was one of the few Titans to support Zeus during the Great Titanomachy. After
the victory of the Olympians, Prometheus remained a friend of them. He also remained a close
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friend of mankind and sought to support them at the risk of aggravating the Olympians. Known
as a clever trickster, he tricked Zeus into accepting the inedible parts of animal sacrifices so that
humans could keep the edible regions, which greatly angered the god ruler. Additionally, he also
stole fire from the Olympians to give to the humans, allowing them to progress significantly as a
society, much to the chagrin of the Olympians. Zeus punished Prometheus, his brother, and
humanity using Pandora’s Jar. Pandora, who was the wife of Prometheus’s brother Epimetheus,
opened Pandora’s Jar as part of Zeus’s revenge plot; many evils were released into the world,
although one beneficial thing, “Elpis,” which means hope, escaped. Prometheus was later
condemned to an eternity of torture by Zeus, but has recently freed himself due to an unknown
interference. Known as the Titan of trickery, Prometheus sided with the Olympians because the
Titans would not use his advice of using underhanded tactics during the Great Titanomachy and
instead emphasized flashy tactics. Knowing firsthand the hypocrisy of the Olympians,
Prometheus has become an avid enemy of the Olympians. He is incredibly cunning and supports
underhanded tactics, willing to betray honor and ethics as long as the results are justified. He
believes that punishing the Titans who did not side with the Olympians during the first war is
incredibly imprudent and anyone who wishes to do so clearly prioritizes getting revenge over
victory.xi
Atlas
Atlas is the Titan of endurance and strength. He is the son of Iapetus and the older brother
of Prometheus. Often depicted as holding up the Earth, Atlas has become very popular in modern
media. As punishment for strongly supporting Chronos, Atlas was condemned to hold up the sky
(not earth) for eternity. As a supporter of Chronos, Atlas was very arrogant and brutal. However,
he was the strongest Titan in terms of physical strength. He is fiercely loyal to Chronos and still
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continues despite Chronos’s mistakes in the past and will stand against anyone opposing him.
Atlas is also a very capable military general, and will play a key role in leading anti-Olympian
forces. He, Chronos, and Hyperion played a key role in defeating and locking up the Elder
Cyclopes and the Hekatonkheires after overthrowing Ouranus. The Olympians would eventually
release them and they would serve as allies to the Olympians.xii
Epimetheus
Epimetheus is the Titan of afterthought and is a relatively peace-loving Titan. Like his
brother Prometheus, he was spared punishment by Zeus during the Great Titanomachy.
However, due to Prometheus’s actions against the gods, Zeus decided to punish the two brothers.
Zeus ordered the Olympians to create a bride for Epimetheus: Pandora. Despite the warnings of
Prometheus, Epimetheus welcomed Pandora as his wife and was given a jar by Zeus. Pandora,
due to her great curiosity, opened the jar and caused many miseries to befall man. Epimetheus,
the Titan of afterthought, began to regret his actions. Epimetheus is described as somewhat
foolish and gullible, easily swayed by others, only to later regret his actions. Additionally, he is
unlike his more cunning brother Prometheus and wishes to be honest. He is peaceful but
harbours resentment towards the Olympians, but may be willing to forgivexiii
Kampe
Kampe is a monster that is very loyal to Chronos. As the wife of Typhon, she was the
parent of many strong monsters. She was the jailer for the Elder Cyclopes and the
Hekatonkheires but was defeated by Zeus who saved them. She was so powerful that she proved
even a challenge for Zeus, demonstrating that she is one of the most powerful monsters in
existence along with her husband Typhon. She has great power over many fearsome monsters
and proves an important ally for the Titan cause, which was why she was invited to be a
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representative to the Titan council. She loathes the Olympians and believes that Titans should
seek the support of monsters. In regards to the internal order of the Titans, she does not care how
Titans deal with other traitorous Titans.xiv
Leto
Leto is one of the younger Titans and is the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, who were the
first generation of Titans. She is also the mother of Apollo and Artemis, and she shares a very
close bond with her children. She is very supportive of the Olympians and at the same time
wishes the Titans would realize the error of their ways and reconcile with the Olympians. She
believes that the Titans recovering is a second chance to make things right with the Olympians
and to coexist in harmony. Despite this, she does harbour some resentment towards Hera, who
made it very difficult for her to give birth to Apollo and Artemis because of Hera’s jealousy.
Leto serves as a motherly figure to both the Olympians and Titans. Her views about whether the
Titans should be united are unclear; she does want all of them to become unified but is somewhat
hesitant of having the Titans be united and autonomous. She suspects that many of the older
Titans may try to obtain power by waging another great war, which would be a cataclysmic
event for all. Therefore, she has the idea of allowing Chronos to rule, but limiting his power and
making him promise to reform.xv
Mnenosyne
Mnemosyne is the Titan of memory and one of the original twelve Titans. She was one of
the Titans that did not side with the Titans during the Great Titanomachy as she had very little
desire for power and conflict, wishing for peace and not getting hurt. A pacifist, she discourages
having fights and will oftentimes not participate in fights even if she is part of the group that is
fighting. She was the mother of the Muses with Zeus, although she has recently begun to feel
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disappointed in Zeus, which has prompted her to distance herself from Zeus. However, she does
remain close to many Olympians and has relationships that will be important to the committee.
Mnemosyne is somewhat similar to Themis and considers Themis an important and close ally.xvi
Themis
Themis is one of the original twelve Titans and is the Titan of good counsel, divine order,
law, etc. She was one of the Titans that did not side with the Titans during the Great
Titanomachy as she had opposed Chronos as a ruler. She was the mother of many famous
entities with Zeus, the most famous being the fates. Contrary to many of the aggressive Titans in
this council, she opposes conflicts with the Olympians and wishes to work together with them
and join forces, seeing as they are all divine entities. Although she was very close with Zeus in
the past, she now sees his shortcomings, similarities that Zeus shares with his father Chronos.
She wishes to choose a new supreme commander for the unified Olympian-Titan rule and has
received significant support from minor Titans and gods. Her backstory is very similar to
Mnenosyne and she sees Mnenosyne as a very important ally for future issues to be addressed by
this committee.xvii
Eos
Eos is the Titan of Dawn and is a second generation Titan. She is the daughter of
Hyperion and is sister of Helios and Selene, who she is very close to. Eos, like many second
generation Titans, did not support the Titans during the Great Titanomachy because she felt
closer to the Olympians due to the grievances she had against Chronos and the older, more
violent Titans. Eos was important in supporting the Olympians and many heroes, and as such,
many Titans dislike her. She has very similar beliefs to Helios and Selene, but unknown to the
others, she has started deviating her beliefs due to the influences of an unknown force. She has
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started to become a supporter of the Titan supremacy cause and has felt more hatred towards the
Olympians. As committee proceeds, the unknown whisper grows stronger and her desire to
punish the Olympians grows as well. Like her siblings, she wishes for the Titans to be united but
at the same time hopes that the committee will respect the wishes of all the members and not
punish those who have supported Zeus.xviii
Helios
Helios is the Titan of the sun and is a second generation Titan. He is the son of Hyperion
and is the brother of Eos and Selene, who he is very close to. He has an estranged relationship
with his father Hyperion, who was the Titan of light. Hyperion, who was proud of his own
abilities, oftentimes mistreated his son Helios, who was the embodiment of the sun itself. Both
Helios and Hyperion knew that Hyperion viewed Helios as a threat to his domain. As such, he
feels very distant from the other four celestial Titans (Coeus, Hyperion, Iapetus, and Krios) and
does not particularly trust the other first generation Titans. Helios is the father of many of the
lesser Olympian gods. His Olympian counterpart is Apollo, who he has a mutually respectful
relationship with.xix
Selene
Selene is the Titan of the night and is a second generation Titan. She is the daughter of
Hyperion and is the sister of Helios and Eos, who she is very close to. Like many second
generation Titans, Selene did not support the Titans during the Great Titanomachy and instead
supported the Olympians due to Chronos being excessively cruel and power hungry, something
that many of the older Titans dislike Selene for. She has very similar beliefs to Helios and Eos.
She wishes for the Titans to unify and reach out to heroes, monsters, and gods. Additionally, she
wishes the Titans to respect the differences of the newer generation Titans and not punish them
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for their previous support of Olympians. Selene also believes that it is impossible to have a
unified Titan group because everyone has such drastic views; making choices would be
impossible or they would have to ignore the autonomy of many Titans. Her Olympian
counterpart is Artemis, who she shares a mutual respect with.xx
Echidna
Echidna is a monster and wife of Typhon. With Typhon, Echidna is the mother of many
fearsome monsters such as Cerberus, the Hydra, Sphinx, Nemean Lion, Orthrus, and the
Chimera. Echidna believes in unity and promotes the “all under one banner” idea; she believes
that all Titans and monsters should be united in their fight against the Olympians. To achieve this
end, she agrees that sparing some of the other Titans who did not fight in the Titanomachy or
fought with the Olympians should be forgiven for the time being. She resents many heroes and
the Olympians for killing her children and strives to make them suffer.xxi
Hidden Delegates
These characters will not be played by a certain delegate, but they will have larger roles
in this committee’s future.
Menoitios
Menoitios is the son of Iapetus and brother to Atlas, Prometheus, and Epimetheus.
Known as the Titan of violence and rash action, Menoitios was killed in the Great Titanomachy
by Zeus due to his anger and pride. Now that he has returned from Tartarus, Menoitios has
focused all of his energy on retaliating against the Olympians and wishes to punish the traitorous
Titans from the first war. He generally has to rely on his craftier brother Prometheus for
planning, making him susceptible to manipulation by Prometheus. Considering the intensity of
his anger towards the Gods, some find his actions quite suspicious…
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Olympos
Olympos is the Titan of the island of Crete and personally raised the god Zeus. Later,
however, he incited the Gigantes to rebel against Zeus and the gods. Olympos was killed in the
battle by Zeus, but it is reported that Zeus felt massive guilt at striking down his foster-parent.
Therefore, Olympos may be open to either cooperating with or fighting the Gods; his resentment
towards Zeus for killing him and the motives that led Olympos to rebel in the first place could be
counteracted by an appeal by Zeus to reconcile. Olympos also holds a rivalry with Chronos
because of the shared paternal connection to Zeus. He is also particularly in favor of working
with the Gigantes, his former allies.
Styx
Styx is the strongest daughter of Oceanus and the Titan of the River Styx. She fought
with the Olympians during the Titanomachy, and in return received great honors from the
Olympians, including the use of her name in the most binding oath gods can make. She has
connections to heroes such as Achilles as well, as the River Styx was where he was dipped to
become invincible (save on his heel). As such, many of the Titans, especially the older ones,
despise Styx as a traitor to Titans. Styx’s closest allies are the younger Titans, Helios and Selene,
though there is potential for her to leverage her relationship with her father, Oceanus, in order to
promote peace with the Olympians and prevent punishment of the “traitor” Titans.
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Topic A: Internal Order of the Titans
Introduction
The Internal Order of the Titans regards the governance of the Titans and their allies in
this committee. The term Titan is ambiguous, often being used to describe divine beings who
happened to be very large in size. The Titans most commonly refers to the first twelve children
of Ouranus and Gaea, but even their children can be classified as Titans. For example, the
children of Iapetus include Atlas, who is most definitely a Titan himself, and the children of
Hyperion, including Eos, Selene, and Helios. However, oftentimes Eos, Selene, and Helios are
depicted as gods instead of Titans. However, on the other hand, the children of Chronos and
Rhea, the King and Queen of Titans, are the Olympians: Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, Hestia,
and Demeter. In this case, what exactly is a Titan? Who are Titans and who is not? Eventually,
the Titan offsprings became known as the Olympian gods, but to what extent is a being a Titan
and to what extent is a being an Olympian? These are key questions that will play an important
role in the debate for both topics of this committee.
The first topic will address the governance of the Titans. The committee will debate
Chronos’s failure and decide a new leadership for the Titan council. Furthermore, the committee
will address the division between the Titans themselves, and whether this division is inevitable
or if there is a possibility of unification. This includes dealing with the Titans who have not yet
been rescued or resurrected after the Great Titanomachy.
Historical Background
Ouranus, the god of the sky, and Gaea, the god of the earth, were primordial gods and
rulers of the universe. They had many children, most notably a group of twelve called the Titans.
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The reign of the Titans came to be when Chronos and his brothers defeated their father Ouranus
at the request of their mother Gaea, who was angry with Ouranus. Chronos then seized power as
the king of the universe and the reign of the Titans began. Although he was initially a better ruler
than Ouranus, the power ultimately corrupted Chronos. Chronos became obsessed with power.
His ultimate goal became maintaining his position, even if it meant being a tyrannical ruler.
When Chronos heard a prophecy that his children will usurp him as he did his father, Chronos
began to swallow whole his children. However, Rhea, his wife, managed to hide Zeus by
switching him with a rock, which Chronos ate. After many years, Chronos freed his siblings who
were immortal and grew up in Chronos’s stomach. Zeus gained the support of many divine
creatures, monsters, gods, and even Titans and waged a war with the Titans, which was called
the Great Titanomachy. Many of the younger generation Titans sided with Zeus, as they had
very little allegiance with Chronos and felt alienated by his authoritarian regime. The Titans
were ultimately defeated and many were banished to Tartarus or were greatly punished. The
neutral or the Titans who had supported the Olympians were spared of punishment.xxii
During the Olympian reign, the Olympians experienced two major challenges caused by
enemies of the Olympians. Gaea, who was upset that the Olympians defeated the Titans who she
previously sponsored, felt as if she had been robbed of a family. She retaliated against the
Olympians by creating the Giants, divine beings who were created to be the opposite of the 12
Olympian gods who could only be defeated with the combined efforts of Olympians and
demigods. However, the Giants fell just as the Titans had and suffered a similar fate. Next,
Typhon was a son of Gaea and he presented the greatest challenge to the Olympians. He was so
powerful that the other Olympians were on the defensive and would have killed Zeus if not for
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the interference of Hermes. However, ultimately Typhon was defeated and the Olympian reign
remained unchallenged.xxiii
Years passed and the Olympians grew accustomed to their powers. Olympians began to
squabble amongst themselves, arguing over domain and power. Additionally, Zeus now displays
characteristics of Chronos before he was deposed by Zeus. The Olympian ruler is now power
hungry and is quite tyrannical, abusing his power and scaring gods and mortals alike. Many of
the previous Titans who had supported Zeus are now turning against him. The defeated Titans
are recovering very fast due to an unknown force and many have escaped the confines of the
Olympians.
The New Government of the Titans
Past Mistakes, Power Struggles, and Punishment
In forming a council of Titans, it is important for the Titans to address the issues of the
past. Many mistakes were made by Chronos, including his abuse of power and paranoia.
Chronos would become a tyrant, punishing anyone he wants without just reason. This caused
him to become alienated from the other Titans and their allies. Additionally, the Titans
themselves could be considered never united. It was mostly Chronos and his four constellation
siblings that would lead the Titans: Iapetus, Hyperion, Coeus, and Krios. The six female elder
Titans remained relatively passive and did not really support the Titans, as seen in the rebellion
against Ouranus and the Great Titanomachy. Even Oceanus, the last of the six male elder Titans,
did not really support Chronos and remained neutral throughout. This was in direct contrast with
the twelve Olympians, who remained somewhat united as an entity and governing body.xxiv
Despite being gods, divine beings are constantly in conflict with each other for
supremacy and more power. A god’s power is ultimately derived from his or her authority and
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domain. It is very difficult for two gods to share the same domains; essentially there is only so
much power and one will try to dominate the other. Recently, this became a problem with
Oceanus and Poseidon, who control similar but separate realms, and even other gods. For
example, Pontus, the primordial god of the seas, is constantly in a deep slumber and as a result
Oceanus inherited the sea powers. Poseidon would later come into power with Zeus after the
Olympians’ victory over the Great Titanomachy and Poseidon became ruler of the seas. Even
though Tethys and Oceanus were Titans who remained neutral and were spared by the
Olympians, they lost some of their domain and powers to Poseidon and are slowly weakening
with the passage of time. Several other Olympians took over the domains of the former Titans
after outing and imprisoning them. For example, Apollo is the god of light even though
Hyperion was previously the Titan of light. Inevitably, there will be conflicts over these popular
domains. The Titans themselves will either have to make do with untaken, less popular domains
or confront the Olympians for a part of their domain.xxv
Another issue that needs to be addressed is punishing the Titans that betrayed Chronos or
remained neutral during the Great Titanomachy. There needs to be debate whether punishment is
necessary for these Titans, as it was their betrayal that led to the defeat and imprisonment of
many of the original Titans. Many became traitors for supporting Zeus, betraying their fellow
Titans. On the other hand, some such as Rhea remained neutral in order to test Chronos’s
abilities as a leader; if he were to be defeated by the Olympians, then perhaps he was not fit to
rule. Others detested Chronos and the elder constellation Titans’ tyranny and felt that these five
did not deserve to be in power. Thus, the question remains whether it is truly appropriate to
punish the Titans. Many of the younger Titans would argue against punishment; they did nothing
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wrong and it was Chronos’s mistakes that made them side against him. Additionally, punishing
these Titans would only drive the Titans apart and not promote unity.
The Need for New Leadership?
An important factor that needs to be decided is the new leadership of the Titans. As a
ruler, Chronos was very competent but at the same time his excessive cruelty led to the defeat of
the Titans. Many Titans did not support Chronos and his siblings as a means to test his
leadership and obviously he failed, despite being faced by significantly less experienced and
arguably weaker enemies. It can be argued that Chronos’s leadership resulted in the defeat of the
Titans. However on the other hand, it can also be argued that Chronos, despite being power
hungry, was a very capable leader who was able to usurp Ouranus and maintain the Titan reign
for some time. Chronos was also key in maintaining relationships with other monsters and divine
beings and promoting Titan supremacy.
The debate is whether Chronos should be replaced, and with who (not necessarily one
leader). It is also important to consider what becomes of Chronos if he is replaced. Additionally,
the committee faces the repercussion of electing a leader that is worse than Chronos. Many of
the Titans, both old and new, are clamouring for change and for Chronos to be replaced by
someone who cares more about the Titans and is not as selfish as Chronos. As the Titans are
very divided, many delegates believe that it would be most wise to have a triumvirate of sorts,
and have the division be represented in the leadership to be made for future choices.
Revival and Rescuing of Titan Allies
Even though some Titans have escaped their confinements from the Olympians in
Tartarus, many more are still trapped and imprisoned by the gods. The Titan council must decide
if it is willing to rescue its Titan allies that have opposed Olympus. Although these are the Titans
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who remained loyal to Chronos and the four constellation Titans, it is important to note that
rescuing them from the Olympian punishment will most likely severely anger the gods and strain
the Titan-Olympian relationship. On the other hand, not rescuing these Titans would greatly
draw the spite of the more radical figures in the Titan alliances. Many of the allies that need to
be rescued are monsters that have been imprisoned. Furthermore, younger Titans such as the
children of the four constellations (Hyperion, Iapetus, Coeus, and Krios) are still trapped in
Tartarus as well as the Giants. It will be a long and difficult journey into Tartarus, filled with
multiple crises that will no doubt challenge even the powerful Titans. An option that the Titans
may consider is negotiating with the Olympians for the release of their brethren.
Diplomacy with other Factions
Neutral and Olympian Allied Titans
Obviously, the Titans are divided. There is Rhea, Oceanus, and the other elder female
Titans who remained neutral during the Great Titanomachy. Then there are the younger Titans
who are children of Hyperion such as Eos, Selene, and Helios who actually supported the
Olympians and still do to this point despite Zeus’s tyranny (although they are more hesitant now).
The committee must think of ways to win over these groups, but keeping in mind that many of
their wishes would anger the more belligerent Titan allies. In the past, the Titan leadership has
been those with the most power and ambition such as Chronos, the four constellation Titans
(Hyperion, Iapetus, Krios, and Coeus), and supporters of Chronos such as Atlas and monsters.
This in turn isolated those who were pacifists or did not have political allegiances to Chronos.
The committee should consider ways to integrate the Titans who do not support the majority
opinion or possibly change the majority opinion to include those who were not previously
included to increase the Titan support.xxvi
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Heroes and Monsters
Demigod heroes, children of Olympians have oftentimes been on the side of the
Olympians whereas monsters have a stronger relation with the Titan army. The allegiance
between the two (heroes and monster) was exacerbated with the hostile relation they have
against each other; because heroes were the enemies of monsters, they opposed the Titans who
were their sponsors and vice versa. Notable monsters in the committee include Kampe, Typhon,
and Echidna. All three have significant influence over monsters, especially Typhon and Echidna
who were the parents of many monsters. As such, the Titans have gained important and powerful
allies that may prove useful in a battle with Olympus. At the same time, by accepting monsters
into the Titan army, they risk drawing the ire of heroes and other mortals who have a very
antagonistic relationship with monsters. It is up to the committee whether they will ally
themselves with one faction at the expense of another or remain impartial to both groups. Some
members of the committee may argue that the relations the Titans have with monsters sacrifices
their values and isolates many potential supporters. Monsters by their nature are very chaotic and
could be classified as evil due to their attacks on humans; many Titans may not wish to be
associated with these villainous monsters.xxvii
Giants
The Titans share a very close relationship with the Giants, who can prove to be useful
allies. Gaea created the Giants to serve as the antithesis of the Olympian gods and as such,
Giants are very powerful. However, it is unknown whether the Giants themselves would
cooperate with the Titans, despite sharing similarities and origins. The Giants may want to seize
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supremacy themselves after defeating the Olympians, and they would create an obstacle for the
Titans. However, the addition of Gaea to the committee makes it significantly easier to control
the Giants, who are her children. The Giants are currently scattered throughout the world, with
many of them being imprisoned in Tartarus. The Olympians will under no circumstance
negotiate for the release of these Giants, as they were created to destroy the Olympians. If the
Titans wish to rescue the Giants, then they will need to have already decided that their
relationship with the Olympians is an antagonistic one, as releasing the Giants will instantly
draw the ire of the Olympians and maybe propagate both sides into war.xxviii
Recent Action
With the escape of several prominent Titans, the Olympians have become extremely
worried, although many are currently concerned with internal affairs. Zeus has become a
tyrannical figure, very similar to Chronos in the past, and is rubbing many Olympian gods the
wrong way. Due to this, the gods are distracted and their negligence has allowed the Titans to
grow more powerful for the time being. The imprisoned Titans also continue to grow stronger
and move towards escape. However, it is important to know that once Olympus realizes what has
happened, they will use full force to destroy the Titans if they deem the Titans a threat.
Shortly after escaping, many of the Titans are weakened and Chronos is no exception. A
once extremely powerful supreme being, Chronos is no stronger than the average Titan and
many are on the same level. However, Chronos has made talks that he wishes to seize back his
throne with the help of the four constellation Titans.
Bloc Positions
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The committee is split between three different groups. First are the belligerent elder
Titans, such as Chronos and the four constellations, along with the monsters, who wish to attack
the Olympians and continue on the path the Titans were on before being overthrown. Next are
the neutral Titans, who wish not to be involved, but rather remain unified and not act on
vengeance or play favourites with any faction. Finally, there are the pro-Olympus delegates, who,
despite Zeus’s shortcomings right now, believe that a positive relationship can be achieved with
the Olympians and their many allies. There also exists a separate question on the unity of the
Titans- should these Titans, who are so different, be united or should they remain separate?
Questions a Resolution Must Answer
1. Has Chronos been an effective leader or must he be replaced?
2. What roles will each Titan or Titan ally play, seeing as domains are available to be changed
at this moment?
3. Who or which group of Titans should replace Chronos as the leader of the committee?
4. What will happen to Chronos?
5. How will the committee address disagreements within the Titan community?
6. What will the Titan council decide in regards to how they view the younger, neutral Titans?
7. What will be the Titan council’s action in regards to the still imprisoned Titans?
8. What relationship will this committee develop with heroes, mortals, monsters, and Giants?
Conclusion
These Titans and their allies are a very eclectic group with many differences and little
solidarity. In order to focus on internal issues and address the mistakes of the past, the Titan
community must first unite and collectively decide on the future decisions. They will need to
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make decisions in regards to the relationship with other factions. Additionally, how the
committee will be led is also an important question. An important debate will be whether
Chronos is the rightful ruler of the Titans or if someone else would be better suited for his role.
Topic B: Olympian-Titan Struggle for Power
Introduction
Now that the Titans have escaped, there will be two important issues they must consider.
First, they must undergo internal reform, as suggested by the first topic. Subsequently, they must
determine what sort of relationship they want to have with the Olympians. Will the Titans seek
to enact revenge and regain their supremacy by attacking the Olympians? Or will the Titans
instead seek peace with the Olympians, using negotiation to coexist? This topic will deal with
the logistics of each option and how the committee will approach their direct relationship with
the other Joint Crisis Committee: Olympians. It will also be important for the delegates of this
committee to keep in mind that the Olympians will also be reacting to our committee and our
decisions.
Historical Background
Much of the relationship the Titans have with the Olympians has been mentioned,
scattered in areas throughout this background guide. This section will provide a comprehensive
history of the relationship that the Titans share with the Olympians. The Titans are the offspring
of Gaea and Ouranus, ancestors and the first deities of the Olympians. Chronos and Rhea are the
parents of the first six Olympians: Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hera, and Hestia. Chronos, attempting
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to avoid a prophecy, wanted to consume Zeus and his siblings because the prophecy predicted
that they would overthrow Chronos. Rhea prevented Chronos from eating Zeus. Gaea, who was
angry with Chronos for imprisoning her children, the Elder Cyclopes, and Hecatonchires, helped
Zeus avoid Chronos until his maturation and assisted Zeus with freeing his siblings. Together the
six Olympians recruited many divine beings to aid them, including freeing the Elder Cyclopes
and Hecatonchires.
The Great Titanomachy was the battle between Olympians and Titans. At first, the Titans
were badly beating the Olympians due to their strength in numbers, abilities, and battle
experience. As the war progressed and the Olympians gained newfound powers, experience, and
allies, the Olympians ultimately defeated the Titans. The Titans and their allies were killed or
defeated, and this greatly angered Gaea. During the war however, many of the Titan forces chose
not to participate, such as Oceanus, the elder Titanesses, or the younger Titans. Gaea would
strike back at Zeus, creating Typhon and the Giants. These entities would prove great challenges
to the Olympians. However, the Olympians triumphed over these entities and reinstated their
rule over the world. The Titans who did not participate in the Titanomachy would either stay on
Mt. Olympus, becoming allies and mates of the Olympians, or disappear from the public.xxix
Contemporary Conditions
The Olympian Gods, Preoccupied
It is unknown how many of the Titans and their allies have been able to escape from
Tartarus and the various confinements that the Olympians subjected them to. It is suspected that
there is the influence of an outside force, but now is not the time to dwell on the objective or
mechanics of the outside force.
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At the current moment, the Olympians do not know that the Titans have escaped from
their confinement. Those who the Olympians have placed to watch over the Titans have either
been defeated or defected from the Olympians. This creates an invaluable resource for the
Titans: time. The Titans now have time to quickly assemble and deal with how they will interact
with the Olympians. Time is very valuable, as it allows the Titans a one-sided handicap during
which the Olympians are not able to attack or react to the Titans. Thus, it is a race against time
for the Titans to set up their new governance and decide what to do with the Olympians.
Peace and Diplomacy
The decision for peace and diplomacy seems to be a popular one for the Titans who are
pacifists and do not harbour any real resentment against the Olympians. These include the elder
Titanesses and the younger Titans who all have developed close bonds with the Olympians. To
them, they will push for an option to coexist with the gods and argue for diplomacy. The
arguments for diplomacy and barriers for coexistence are included in this topic of the
background guide.
What appealed to many of the Titans was that the Olympians had a trait the Titans did
not: sympathy. Whereas the Titans (especially Chronos and the four constellation Titans) were
power hungry and brutal, the Olympians spared the Titans who were not fighting against them
during the Great Titanomachy. They actually offered these Titans a place in Mt. Olympus and
continue to coexist with these Titans to this day. The Titans who sided with Zeus did keep some
of their divine powers and realms, at least for a good amount of time. It can be argued that the
Titans were the ones in the wrong during the Great Titanomachy with Chronos’ tyranny and
cruelty. It can also be argued that the Olympians were representative of justice and that the
Titans should seek to live in harmony with their younger descendants.
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It is possible that if the Titans will extend the olive branch to the Olympians, they would
indeed make peace with the Titans. However, this will be particularly hard to convince the
committee of. The Olympians do not have that many grievances towards the Titans, as they were
the winners. However, the Titans will most definitely have anger towards the Olympians, due to
their loss and subsequent imprisonment.
If peace and coexistence are to be pursued, then there needs to be negotiation and
diplomacy over the sharing of realms that will be divided by both the Titans and Olympians. For
example, both Oceanus and Poseidon control the seas, so an agreement between the two must be
made. However, such an agreement may leave one side supreme, most likely the Olympians, and
keep the other side weak and there will be risk of war or similar power struggles. There will need
to be a good way to decide the splitting of domains where both parties will have sufficient
opportunity to communicate with the other, preferably a meeting between the two committees.
One thing to consider is what if the Olympians do not want to share?xxx
Defeating the Olympians will not be an easy matter for the Titans. During the Great
Titanomachy, the Olympians were a lot weaker than they currently are. The Olympians also
survived great challenges, such as Typhon and the Giants, and have been through many battles,
making them veterans of combat. Additionally, many new Olympians have joined their ranks
since the last time they clashed with Titans. There are some that contribute greatly to the combat
abilities of the gods, such as Ares, who is the embodiment of war, Athena, whose war
intelligence and wisdom matches that of Krios, Hermes, who serves as the god of
communication (very important for war), Hephaestus, who is a god of the forge and has created
powerful weapons, Apollo, who is the god of healing, Artemis, the goddess of the hunt and
powerful with a bow, Nike, the goddesss of victory, Hecate, the goddess of sorcery, and many
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more. To attack the Olympians would mean attacking these new gods and the many minor gods
that have sided with the Olympians since the Titans have been imprisoned.
Additionally, the Titans will have to deal with the many heroes. Although heroes may
have died, Hades is the ruler of the Underworld and can revive these heroes to protect Olympus.
Many valiant heroes such as Odysseus, Jason, Aeneas, Heracles, Dionysus and many others will
serve to protect the Olympians and destroy the Titans and their allied forces. Although they are
mortal, they should not be underestimated; some mortals have even gained divinity after their
deaths such as Heracles and Dionysus and joined the Olympians in their ranks.
War with the Olympians
There are those in the committee who desire war with the Olympians, be it need for
revenge or for supremacy. Perhaps even a crisis or altercation between the two committees will
push for them to become enemies with each other. To declare war will not be easy and winning
the war will be another problem.
The Detestable Gods
Although the gods may be different from the Titans, are they really merciful? Sure, those
traitorous Titans that sided with the Olympians were spared from punishment, but those who
defied the Olympians were given literal hell in Tartarus where they were imprisoned and
tortured. For example, Atlas, who fought with the Titans during the Great Titanomachy, was
made to hold up the sky for all of eternity. Additionally, taking a look at how the Olympians
treated the Titans who remained neutral or supported the Olympians during the war shows that
even though the gods did not punish these Titans initially, they still suffered at the hands of the
gods. For example, Oceanus and many of the female Titanesses lost their domains and became
mere puppets of the Olympians. Prometheus and Epimetheus are prime examples. Even though
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they supported the Olympians during the war, Zeus still punished them. Zeus did not like how
Prometheus gave the humans fire, allowing mankind to progress. As such, Epimetheus was
cursed with Pandora as a wife, who would eventually open Pandora’s jar and bring suffering to
mankind. Prometheus was chained to a rock and had to suffer for all of eternity.xxxi
Even more, the story of the Olympians’ cruelty can be shown in the stories of mortals.
For example, many heroes had Olympians who posed as enemies towards them, trying to kill or
thwart their actions. Hera was known to oppose any child of Zeus, as they were signs of her
husband’s infidelity. As such, she actively tried to kill Heracles many times. The Olympians
were also shown to be very petty; Athena turned Arachne, a moral who was able to beat Athena
in weaving, into a spider for all of eternity due to embarrassment and hatred. Poseidon is known
to create earthquakes and storms when he is angry, endangering the lives of many mortals. The
Trojan War was launched as a result of the gods’ interference. In a beauty contest between
Aphrodite, Hera, and Athena, Paris from Troy became the judge and judged Aphrodite to be the
most beautiful. As a gift, Aphrodite made Helen fall in love with Paris who took her to Troy.
The problem was, Helen was already married and this caused a war between Troy and the
Greeks, which resulted in massive casualties for both sides. The war was fuelled by the division
of the gods- they took either the side of the Trojans or the Greeks. To them, the Trojan War was
perhaps a form of entertainment, but this greatly exacerbated the war and led to even more death
and suffering.xxxii
From the perspective of the Titans, the Titans have long suffered at the hands of the
Olympians. They want to enact revenge against the Olympians and are joined by their allies, the
monsters, and potentially the Giants, parties who completely loathe the Olympians.
The Desire for Supremacy
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To reiterate, a divine being gets their power from a domain they have authority over.
Olympians and Titans all have domains that they act as a god over, which gives them powers.
However, many of these domains are concurrently held by an Olympian and a Titan, which
makes it difficult as the two entities would need to share or compete for power. Titans by their
nature want to be the best and many are not complacent with sharing or bowing down to the
Olympians. To cooperate is to be second to the gods, and to many, this does not sit well. The
Titans miss their supremacy and power they had at Mt. Orthrys before the Olympians came and
overthrew them. Many are willing to wage war for the potential ability to regain their powers.
Potential Allies and Enemies
The Titans must be honest with themselves. They will be completely outmatched by the
Olympians if they do not seek allies and mitigate their enemies.
The main enemy they will anticipate is demigod heroes. Many have allegiances to their
parents who are Olympians and they will oppose the Titans and monsters. But to be fair, family
bonds are not as strong in Greek mythology, evident by the fact that the Titans are usually
parents of the Olympians. These heroes can be motivated to oppose their parents, the Olympians
who oftentimes neglect or use them to do their bidding. There are fallen heroes, especially those
who have renounced the gods because of their merciless ways and are willing to help the Titans.
Finding them will be an objective for this committee. Convincing those heroes who have doubts
with the Olympians will be another productive move for the Titans.
Monsters will undoubtedly play a large role in helping the Titans due to the inclusion of
many prominent monsters in this committee such as Echidna, Typhon, and Kampe. Monsters and
Titans have historically had a close relationship. However, it is important to realize that many
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monsters may have sided with the Olympians. For example, Hades employs monsters such as
Cerberus, the Furies, and others who are loyal to him. Other Olympians may have tamed
monsters or divine creatures to be supportive of the Olympian side.xxxiii
Perhaps one very useful potential ally would be the Olympians themselves. Rumour has
it that Zeus has become a tyrannical and negligent figure, often not spending his time doing his
duty but rather seeking to enjoy his life on Earth. Many Olympians may be against Zeus’ rein
and support the Titans, similar to how many Titans supported the Olympians over Chronos
during the fall of the Titans. In regards to other divine beings, perhaps the Primordial deities
would be powerful allies for the Titans. Gaea is part of the Titan alliance and she will ultimately
be a deciding factor. However, there are many other Primordials, such as Nyx, Chaos, Pontus,
and even Ouranus, who may be valuable allies to the Titans. However, finding them or getting
them to agree with the Titans is another matter....
The Ophiotaurus is a creature that is part bull and part serpent. During the last
Titanomachy, it was said that whoever burned it received the power to destroy the gods. The
Olympians sacrificed the Ophiotaurus and ultimately were granted the powers from this creature
to overthrow the Titans. However, there are tales that the Ophiotaurus may revive in the coming
months.... The Titans should seek out this creature as it will play a key element in the upcoming
war.xxxiv
Perhaps one of the most important allies to the Titans would be the Giants (or Gigantes).
The Giants are children of Gaea who were created as part of her revenge scheme against the
Olympians. The Giants each were created to oppose an Olympian, having similar abilities and
being the opposite of each. What is fearsome about these Giants is not only their combat abilities
but also the fact that they would have to be defeated by an Olympian and a mortal/demigod
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concurrently. Notable Giants include Alcyoneus, Porphyrion, Polybotes, Enceladus, and many
others.xxxv
Recent Action
The Olympians are dealing with internal issues, focusing on the wrongdoings of Zeus
and many of those in power. They currently plan to address leadership and internal structural
changes. As a result, they have not noticed that the Titans have revived and escaped. Many
monsters have started gathering in anticipation of the Titan revival. Additionally, it is said that
some of the other forces such as the Primordial entities and the Giants are waking up as well.
More news will be given at the start of conference.
Bloc Positions
The bloc positions for this committee is pretty simple in terms of their relationship with
the Olympians. There are those who are peaceful and seek to coexist with the Olympians and
therefore opt for diplomacy and peaceful negotiations. These include the younger Titans, the
older female Titanesses, and the pacifists. Then there are the belligerents who wish to wage war
against the Olympians; these individuals would be the older Titans, the monsters, and those who
are ambitious for power or have been wronged by the Olympians. Finally, there are a few who
are wary and may be convinced by either side to support their cause.
Questions a Resolution Must Answer
1. Should the Titans fight against the Olympians or seek peace and coexistence?
2. How should the Titans utilize their advantage of time and of the Olympians not knowing of
their escape to their best advantage?
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3. Are the Olympians symbols of justice or are they to be overthrown?
4. How will the committee compromise with separate factions wanting peace vs. violence,
especially the monsters vs. the younger Titans?
5. How will the Olympians and Titans share their domains, or will they have to fight for
supremacy?
6. What strategies can the Titans use to increase their chances of success in diplomacy?
7. What allies or methods can the Titans enlist to help win the war against the Olympians?
Conclusion
One of the most important steps in revival for the Titans is to decide their relationship
with the Olympians. The Titans are divided in their position with the Olympians: some have a
very strained relationship while others are coexisting. The Titans most as a whole decide what to
do, whether it is to peacefully negotiate or to wage war. If diplomacy is decided, then the steps
and measures to ensure that both parties are satisfied must be met. If war is decided, then the
Titans must prepare for battle and start finding useful allies. Regardless, for this topic it is
imperative for committee members to be able to adapt to any new crises as they happen and
work with the other committee, JCC: Olympians.
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i
Evans, Hestia, Dugald Steer, Nick Harris, and Nicki Palin. Mythology: The Gods, Heroes and Monsters
of Ancient Greece. Rowville, Vic.: Five Mile, 2007. Print.
ii
"Greek Titans." Greekmythology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015; Greekgods.org. "The Titans."
Mythology of Ancient Greece. N.p., n.d. Web; Hamilton, Edith. Mythology: Timeless Tales of
Gods and Heroes. New York, NY Warner,1999. Print.
iii
Ibid; Homer, and Richmond Lattimore. The Odyssey of Homer. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Print.
iv
Gill, N.S. "The Two Types of Titans in Greek Mythology." N.p., n.d. Web. "Greek Gods."
Greekmythology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015; Virgil, and Robert Fitzgerald. The Aeneid.
New York: Random House, 1983. Print.
v
"The Major Titans." Titans of Greek Mythology THEOI.COM. N.p., n.d.
vi
Gill, N.S. "The Two Types of Titans in Greek Mythology." N.p., n.d. Web. "Greek Gods."
Greekmythology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015.
vii
Ibid.
Ibid.
ix
Ibid.
x
Ibid; "Iliad | Epic Poem by Homer." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica,
n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2015; Hamilton, Edith. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods and Heroes. New
York, NY: Warner, 1999. Print.
viii
xi
"Prometheus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web; "First Greek Gods »The Titans of Ancient
Greece." First Gods in Greek Mythology. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015.
xii
"Greek Monsters." List25. N.p., 05 June 2013. Web. 15 July 2015; The Major Titans." Titans of Greek
Mythology THEOI.COM. N.p., n.d.
xiii
Meister, Cari, and Rich Pellegrino. The Battle of the Olympians and the Titans: A Retelling. Mankato,
MN: Picture Window, 2012. Print.
xiv
xv
"Prometheus." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web.
Napoli, Donna Jo, and Christina Balit. Treasury of Greek Mythology: Classic Stories of Gods,
Goddesses, Heroes & Monsters. Washington: National Geographic Society, 2011. Print.
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JHUMUNC
xvi
"Titan." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web.
xvii
Virgil, and Robert Fitzgerald. The Aeneid. New York: Random House, 1983. Print.
xviii
"The Major Titans." Titans of Greek Mythology THEOI.COM. N.p., n.d.
xix
"Greek Monsters." List25. N.p., 05 June 2013. Web. 15 July 2015.
xx
"Titans." Greekmythology.com.
xxi
"Trojan War, the Greatest Conflict in Classical Mythology." Trojan War, the Greatest Conflict in
Classical Mythology. N.p., n.d. Web.
xxii
"Greek Titans." Greekmythology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015; "The Major Titans." Titans of
Greek Mythology THEOI.COM. N.p.,n.d.
xxiii
"Greek Monsters." List25. N.p., 05 June 2013. Web. 15 July 2015.
xxiv
Evans, Hestia, Dugald Steer, Nick Harris, and Nicki Palin. Mythology: The Gods, Heroes and
Monsters of Ancient Greece. Rowville, Vic.: Five Mile, 2007. Print.
xxv
Greekgods.org. "The Titans." Mythology of Ancient Greece. N.p., n.d. Web.
xxvi
"Titan." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web.
xxvii
xxviii
Ibid.
"Gigantes." Greekmythology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015.
xxix
"Titan." Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web; Napoli, Donna Jo, and Christina Balit.
Treasury of Greek Mythology: Classic Stories of Gods, Goddesses, Heroes & Monsters.
Washington: National Geographic Society, 2011. Print; "First Greek Gods »The Titans of
Ancient Greece." First Gods in Greek Mythology. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 July 2015.
xxx
Greekgods.org. "The Titans." Mythology of Ancient Greece. N.p., n.d. Web.
xxxi
"Trojan War, the Greatest Conflict in Classical Mythology." Trojan War, the Greatest Conflict in
Classical Mythology.
xxxii
Virgil, and Robert Fitzgerald. The Aeneid. New York: Random House, 1983. Print; "Titan."
Infoplease. N.p., n.d. Web..
xxxiii
xxxiv
Ibid.
Evans, Hestia, Dugald Steer, Nick Harris, and Nicki Palin. Mythology: The Gods, Heroes and
Monsters of Ancient Greece. Rowville, Vic.: Five Mile, 2007. Print.
xxxv
Riordan, Rick. Percy Jackson and the Heroes of Olympus; "Gigantes." Greekmythology.com.
N.p., n.d.
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