Key Terms
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Anterior translation – forward (anterior) movement of a limb, relative to the joint on
which it acts
Anteversion – a forward bending or angulation of a bone or organ (1)
Articulation – a joint in the body (2)
Closed Chain – weight bearing activity, such as squats or push-ups
Extension – the stretching or straightening out of a joint (2)
External Rotation – movement of a ball and socket joint so the limb moves outward (2)
Flexion – the act of bending a joint (2)
Genu recurvatum – knees bowed back, hyperextension (1)
Genu varum – “bow legged”, laterally angled displacement of the tibia and femur at the
knee (1)
Internal Rotation – movement of a ball and socket joint so the limb moves inward (2)
Lateral – further away from the midline of the body (2)
Ligament – a thick band of fibrous tissue that connects the bones at a joint and forms
the joint capsule (2)
Medial - nearer to the central midline of the body or center of origin (2)
Open Chain – non-weight bearing activity, such as leg extension or triceps extension
Tendon – a strong band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone (2)
Valgus Force/Stress – a lateral force applied toward the body’s midline (medially) (1)
Varus Force/Stress – a medial force applied from the body’s midline outward (laterally)
(1)