Black Codes
Border State
Emancipation Proclamation
How did the legal system treat
blacks and whites accused of
crimes against each other?
Integration
Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of
former slaves after the Civil War. Indeed, one of the main goals of
the Civil War, freedoms for enslaved people, was being rolled back.
One by one, southern states met Johnson's Reconstruction
demands and were restored to the Union. The first order of
buisness in these new, white-run governments was to enact black
codes, laws that restricted freedmen's rights. The black codes
established virtual slavery with provisions such as these: Curfews,
Labor Contracts, Limits on women's rights, and land restrictions.
States bordering the North:
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky
and Missouri. They were slave
states, but did not secede.
1863, Lincoln's proclamation made after a crucial
victory at Antietam, allowed Lincoln to push for
something radical; frees all slaves in areas under
rebellion; this excludes the border states, keeping
them on the side of the union, prevents foreign
powers from entering the war for slavery, provides a
rationale for the war, and allows blacks to enlist in
the army.
- Black people were not given a trial by peers (all white jury), often
found guilty. The charges were often the result of not paying rent, local
debts, that were the result of not being able to pay for basic needs due to
low wages paid by white land owners. Put in prison and given fines.
They couldn't pay fines. Business bought up the fines and forced the
black convicts (mostly young men) to work for them for free under
horrible conditions. This work without pay and terrible treatment could
go on for months if not years.
-White people received a trial by their peers (all white jury) rarely
found guilty of horrible crimes against black people, and if found guilty
only had to pay a small fine and served no jail/prison time.
open (a place) to members of all
races and ethnic groups.
Jim Crow
Jim Crow etiquette
Jim Crow Laws
KKK
Lynching
- Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from
whites, , Jim Crow laws were state and local laws passed
from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the mid1950s by which white southerners reasserted their
dominance by denying African Americans basic social,
economic, and civil rights, such as the right to vote.
- A white actor called himself Jim Crow, used black face
make - up and mimicked/ mocked - how freed Southern
Slaves acted. Today this is seen as racist behavior.
A black man could not offer to shake the hand of a
white man. That implied equality; A black person
could not look a white person in they eye because
that also implied equality; A black person would
have to step off the sidewalk if a white person was
walking towards them; A black man could not
speak to a white woman without being spoken to
first.
State laws in the South that legalized segregation.
Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather
clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights. Jim
Crow laws were state and local laws passed from the
end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the mid-1950s
by which white southerners reasserted their
dominance by denying African Americans basic social,
economic, and civil rights, such as the right to vote.
Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the
Civil War in 1866. The Southern establishment
took charge by passing discriminatory laws known
as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited
power. They masked themselves and burned black
churches, schools, and terrorized black people.
They are anti-black and anti-Semitic.
After Reconstruction some white
Southerners began to use violence to keep
blacks from fighting for their civil rights.
One of the most common forms of
violence was___. Illegal execution of a
person by a mob.
Minstrel Show
Mulatto
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Racial Caste System
Red Summer
white actors wearing black face
mimicked and ridiculed African
American culture, became
increasingly popular.
A person mixed African (black) & European (white)
ancestry. A mulatto denotes a person with one white
parent and one black parent. Mulattoes were found
primarily in the South, where White and AfricanAmerican populations were in closer proximity and thus
the odds of having a mixed-race child increased. During
the slave trade, a slave master could have children with a
slave and consider the child a slave or pass for white.
(1896) The Court ruled that segregation
was not discriminatory (did not violate
black civil rights under the Fourteenth
Amendemnt) provide that blacks received
accommodations equal to those of whites.
when slavery ended in the US this
was what replaced it. Whites
considered themselves higher than
blacks.
1919 wave of riots across the US, coined by author James
Weldon Johnson; describes the summer and autumn of
1919. Race riots erupted in several cities in both the North
and South of the United States. The three most violent
episodes happened in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and
Elaine, Arkansas. These were part of a series of 20 or
more race riots occurring in the U.S. where African
Americans were the victims of physical attacks
Segregation
Separate Car Law
Legal separation of people based on
racial, ethnic, or other differences. Keeps
minorities powerless by formally
separating them from the dominant
group and depriving them of access to the
dominant institutions.
A law where whites and black
people had their own cars on a
train. Based on racial
discrimination. An example of
segregation.