Name: _________________________________________
Date: ___________________________
Chapter 20: DNA Technology and Genomics
1.
Define:
a. Recombinant DNA
b. Genetic engineering
c. Biotechnology
d. Gene cloning
2. Explain two purposes for cloning genes. Provide and example for each purpose.
3. Define:
a. Restriction enzymes
b. Restriction site
c. Restriction fragments
d. Sticky ends
e. DNA ligase
4. Label the diagram and explain the steps involved in cloning a human gene in a bacterial plasmid.
5. What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? When is it used instead of DNA cloning?
6. Use the following diagram to explain the PCR procedure.
7. Explain four applications of PCR in recent years.
8. What is restriction fragment analysis? Give two examples of the usefulness of restriction fragment analysis.
9. What is gel electrophoresis? Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules by size.
10. What is the significance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)?
11. Discuss each of the following practical applications of DNA technology.
a. Medical applications, including diagnosis of disease and human gene therapy
b. Pharmaceutical products
c. Forensic evidence
d. Environmental cleanup
e. Agricultural Applications, including transgenic animals and genetic engineering in plants
12. Discuss several safety and ethical questions raised by DNA technology. Explain your views on each of these
issues.