AP Biology
Ch20 Study Guide
DNA Technology
Name ___________________________________
Date _______________ Period ________
1. Define the following
a. Recombinant DNA
b. Genetic engineering
c.
Biotechnology
d. Gene cloning
2. What are two basic purposes of gene cloning? Describe an example for each.
3. What do restriction enzymes do for bacteria in “nature”?
4. Define the following terms
a. Restriction site
b. Restriction fragments
c.
Sticky end
5. Label the following diagram. Describe what is happening at each step.
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6. Using the diagram below – describe the steps to cloning a human gene in a bacterial plasmid
7. Explain how antibiotics such as ampicillin can be used to help us determinine how we know the cell clones carry
the recombinant plasmids?
8. Why is PCR – polymerase chain reaction important in many aspects of biotechnology?
9. Label the diagram of PCR below. Describe what is happening at each step.
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10. What is the purpose and general process of gel electrophoresis?
11. Label the diagram below – focus on the charge, molecule size and results.
12. Label the diagram below – focus on identifying the fragments. Explain how gel electrophoresis can be used to
distinguish between two alleles of a gene.
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13. Define and explain the significance of RFLP’s – restriction length polymorphisms.
14. What was the purpose of the Human Genome Project?
15. Explain how RNA interference can help researchers to discover the the functions of some genes.
16. What are some of the examples of the applications of biotechnology? Describe an example for each of the
following:
a. Pharmaceuticals, such as human insulin:
b. Forensics and DNA fingerprinting
c.
Transgenic organisms
d. Genetically modified foods
17. Discuss the safety and ethical questions related to recombinant DNA studies and the biotechnology industry.
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