HISTOLOGY WRITTEN EXAM I
1. Of the basolateral membrane specializations which is involved in cell to cell communication?
A. Hemidesmosome
B. Tight junction
C. Gap junction
D. Centriole
E. Desmosome
2. During a heated game of volleyball, a faculty member (NOT Dr. Hartwell since she is
quite agile) fell sideways and tore one of the tendons in her foot. Surgery immediately
ensued and a small piece of damaged tendon was removed. Being an eager student
(and getting lost on the way to the cafeteria), you find your way into the Surgical
Pathology suite where the aforementioned fragment of tendon is being examined under
the microscope. Before you even put your eyes to the oculars, you know that you can
expect to see:
A. Type III collagen fibers oriented in two directions.
B. An abundance of loose connective tissue filled with plasma cells.
C. Type I collagen fibers all arranged in one direction.
D. Elastic fibers interwoven with Type 11 collagen fibers.
E. Significant amounts of extracellular matrix.
3. From 6 weeks to birth where does blood develop?
A. Small intestine
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Long bones
E. Dermis
4. A 37-year-old woman with persistent thrombocytopenia has a bone marrow biopsy as
part of her evaluation. Which of the following would be of greatest interest in the
examination of her bone marrow biopsy?
A. Plasma cells
B. Macrophages
C. Pronormoblasts
D. Megakaryocytes
E. Stromal cells
5. Which of the following is not an intermediate filament protein?
A. Actin
B. Desmin
C. Vimentin
D. GFAP
E. Keratin
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6. A muscle fascicle is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called a:
A. Perimysium
B. Sarcomysiurn
C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Epimysium
E. Endomysium
7. A 5-year-old boy has extensive bleeding from his gums during a dental procedure.
Abnormalities of which of the following would most likely explain this bleeding?
A. Monocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Platelets
D. Neutrophils
E. Plasma cells
8. True vocal cords.
A. Have numerous serous glands below the epithelium
B. Lie above the false vocal cords.
C. Are covered by a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
D. Have large bundles of elastic fibers below the epithelium
E. Contain bundles of smooth muscle below the epithelium
9. Smooth muscle is found in all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Lining the gut
B. Myo-tendonal junctions
C. Supporting the tracheal
D. The skin
E. The walls of arteries
10. Pulmonary surfactant:
A. Is not responsible for mounting an immune response
B. Does not lower alveolar surface tension
C. Is not synthesized by Type II pneumocytes
D. Is not synthesized continuously in the adult.
E. Is not composed of lipid, glycosaminoglycans and protein
11. A 64-year-old woman is found to have bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following
types of cells would most likely be increased in her peripheral blood as a result of this
infection?
A. Neutrophils
B, Platelets
C. Erythrocytes
D. Eosinophils
E. Lymphocytes
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12. Spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes at:
A. Kinetochores
B. Barr bodies
C. centrioles
D. Midbodies
E. Basal bodies
13. Each of the following can be found in the cytoplasmic granules of the mast cell EXCEPT:
A. Leukotrienes
B. Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
C. Histamine
D. Major basic protein
E. Heparin
14. Small organelles and proteins are transported from the nerve cell body in an
anterograde fashion by which of the following proteins?
A. Myosin
B. Tropomyosin
C. Dynein
D. Troponin
E. Kinesin
15. Osteoid is comprised primarily of:
A. Type II Collagen
B, Type I Collagen
C. Glycosaminoglycans
D. Mg2+
E. Ca2+
16. Which statement regarding cartilage is FALSE:
A. Contain chondrocytes in lacunae
B. All types of cartilage contain Type II collagen fibres in the matrix
C. Cartilage can enlarge by appositional growth only
D. Capsular matrix is rich in glycosaminoglycans
E. Fibrocartilage never has a perichondrium
17. Which of the intercellular junctions is most apically located?
A. Zonula adherens
B. Zonula occludens
C. Hemidesmosome
D. Desmosome
E. Terminal web
18. All of the following are true of brown adipose tissue EXCEPT:
A. Is derived from mesenchymal cells
B. Cytoplasmic lysosomes impart the brown color
C. Has a rich vascular supply
D. Is widely distributed in the newborn
E. Has thermogenic properties
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19. In an EM you observe cells with abundant smooth endopiasmic reticulum. They are
most likely involved in?
A. Motion of surface mucus.
B. Synthesis of lipids
C. Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus
D. Formation of zymogen granules
E. Secretion of nonsteroidal hormones.
20. Your 5 year old neighbor falls from a tree and sustains a tibial fracture. Damage to
which part of the bone is of most concern when considering risk to further growth of this
bone?
A. Spongy bone
B. Epiphyseal plate
C. Compact bone
D. Diaphysis
E. Primary ossification center
21. What process occurs in the pathogenesis of baldness?
A. decrease in number and activity of melanocytes in follicular bulbs
B. conversion of catagen to anagen hairs
C. conversion of telogen to catagen hairs
D. decrease in tyrosinase activity
E. conversion of terminal to vellus hairs
Regarding peripheral blood:
A. T-lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells.
B. Half life of neutrophils is 10 - 12 days
C. Eosinophils contain high levels of pepsin
D. 80% of circulating lymphocytes are B cells
E. It has 25% monocytes.
23. The type of capillary you would expect to find coursing around a fast twitch muscle fiber
would be?
A. Reticulated
B. Continuous
C. Discontinuous
D. Sinusoidal
E. Fenestrated
24. All of the following are part of an Haversian system EXCEPT:
A. Blood vessels
B. Lacunae
C. Canaliculi
D. Concentric lamellae
E. Circumferential lamellae
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25. The length of cilia is approximately?
A. 5-10 µm
B. 100 nm
C. 5 mm
D. 0.1 µm
E. 0.1 cm
26. Which of the following muscles is the only striated muscle, not containing intercalated
discs, that exhibits involuntary contraction-relaxation?
A. Gluteus Maximus
B. Heart
C. Soleus
D. Diaphragm
E. Bicep
27. An aged mitochondrion needs to be "recycled" by the cell. Its final remnants show up
in the cytoplasm as?
A. Transitional vesicle
B. Peroxisome
C. Lipofuscin granule
D. Autophagic vacuole
E. Primary lysosome
28. In which of the following would you find a cleavage furrow?
A. Bipolar neuron
B. Chondrocyte
C. Mature erythrocyte
D. Osteocyte
E. Myocardial cell
29. Marfan syndrome is a congenital disease characterized by the defective formation of
elastic fibers. Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most affected by
this disorder?
A. Choroid plexus
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Nails
D. Aorta
E. Lymphatic vessels
30. Cells which line the brain ventricles are called:
A. Microglia
B. Ependymal dells
C. Satellite cells
D. Unipolar neurons
E. Oligodendroglia
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31. Which statement regarding both unilocular and multilocular fat is FALSE:
BOTH
A. Are highly vascular
B. Are derived from mesenchymal cells
C. Function in heat production
D. Are present in the newborn human
E. Are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
32. Which of the following has the shortest half-life in the peripheral blood circulation?
A. Erythrocyte
B. Neutrophil
C. Platelet
D. Lymphocyte
E. Monocyte
33. Which of the following is not a component of the blood-air barrier:
A. The plasma membrane of Type 1 pneumocytes
B. Clara cell cytoplasm
C. Endothelial cell cytoplasm
D. Cytoplasm of alveolar cells
E. The plasma membrane of endothelial Cells
34. Which of the following is found in compact bone:
A. Elastic fibres
B. Type II collagen
C. Osteocytes
D. Lacunar capsules
E. Canaliculi containing osteoclasts
35. A researcher studying muscular hypertrophy tells his MS1 Summer Research student
to dissect some mixed muscle samples. By this he means which of the following:
A. Tissue that is a mixture of both slow and fast striated muscle
B. Muscle that has been excised and put in a blender for 2 minutes
C. White, fast, glycolytic muscle
D. An area in the upper thorax where smooth muscle caps the heart
E. Smooth muscle and striated muscle mixed together, such as is found in the mid
portion of the trachea
36. While spending a quiet Saturday afternoon in the Histology lab reviewing your slides,
you inadvertently grab a slide from the Pathology slide set (covered with dust due to its
lack of use by the MSII). When you place it under the microscope, you notice an
overwhelming number of eosinophils in the connective tissue. Even though you have
NO idea exactly what the tissue is, you are able to deduce that it is most likely from an
area of the body where:
A. Osteoid is being laid down.
B. Seromucous glands are present.
C. Interstitial lamellae are forming.
D. Wharton's jelly is being produced.
E. An allergic response is occurring.
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37. The apical surface of a certain epithelium is comprised of multitudinous small folds to
aid in surface fluid retention. These are:
A. Microplicae
B. Glycocalyx
C. Residual bodies
D. Tonofilaments
E. Hemidesmosomes
38. Which of the following pairs of characteristics is true for White, fast skeletal muscle?
A. Uses glycogen as a substrate and possesses diads
B. Uses fatty acids as an energy substrate and contains many mitochondria
C. Uses glycogen as an energy substrate and has nuclei in the center of the muscle
fibers
D. Uses fatty acids as an energy substrate and contains much myoglobin
E. Uses glycogen as an energy substrate and has few mitochondria
39. Cell membrane phospholipids stain dark or black in the transmission electron
microscope due to which chemical used in the protocol?
A. OsO4
B. Eosin
C. Hematoxylin
D. Formalin
E. Glutaraldehyde
40. A 1 -year-old boy is found to have a severe deficiency of immunoglobulins. Which of the
following cell types is most likely to be decreased in this patient?
A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. T lymphocytes
D. Monocytes
E. Plasma cells
41. Myelin is primarily comprised of:
A. integral proteins
B. tubulin
C. carbohydrate
D. lipid
E. glycoproteins
42. In which portion of the circulatory system does the greatest majority of transmural
activity take place?
A. Arterioles
B. Capillaries
C. Elastic arteries
D. Venules
E. Large veins
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43. Which statement regarding bone is TRUE:
A. It is surrounded by a perichondrium
B. Osteoclasts produce bone matrix
C. Lacunae contain osteocytes
D. Osteoid is calcified cartilage
E. It can enlarge by appositional and interstitial growth
44. A patient suffers a heart attack and one of the tests recommended by the cardiologist is
measurement of serum myoglobin levels. This test is for:
A. Ascertaining the degree of both cardiac and slow skeletal muscle damage
B. Determining the degree of liver damage
C. Generating revenue for the physician via'an expensive laboratory test
D. Ascertaining the degree of white skeletal muscle damage
E. Ascertaining the degree of heart muscle damage
45. The stratum Malpighii is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. multiple cell layers
B. a row of mitotically-active cells
C. keratohyaline granules in some cells
D. keratinization
E. desmosomal attachments
46. You decide to get the auricle of your ear pierced. Thanks to your histology
background you now know that the type of tissue you have pierced is:
A. Brown adipose tissue
B. Bone
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Hyaline cartilage
E. Elastic cartilage
47. You look at a blood smear from a normal female. Several of the neutrophils have small
drumstick-like attachments to one lobe of the multilobed nucleus. What is this structure?
A. Heterochromatin of an X chromosome
B. Lamin aggregate
C. Nuclear pore complex
D. Centriolar complex
E. Inactive autosome
48. Which of the following is NOT associated with smooth muscle?
A. Dense bodies
B. Intermediate filaments
C. Actin
D. T-tubules
E. Calmodulin mediated excitation-contraction
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49. A mature erythrocyte in the heart, lungs and peripheral circulation comes in contact
with only:
A. Loose connective tissue
B. Simple squamous epithelium
C. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
D. Microvilli
E. Terminal web
50. A muscle FASCICLE is a bundle of:
A. Myosin chains
B. Myofibrils
C. F-actin filaments
D. Myofilaments
E. Muscle fibers
51. You have prepared a sample of striated muscle for electron microscopy. Upon
examination of a cross section the protein pattern shown in the diagram is revealed.
You have cut through which of the following:
A. The Z-Line
B. The A band
C. The M-Line
D. The H band
E. The I band
52. Which statement regarding osteoclasts is TRUE:
A. Are located in Haversian canals
B. Arise from marrow-derived monocytes
C. Activity is increased by calcitonin
D. Activity is decreased by parathyroid hormone
E. Are responsible for osteoid production
53. Centrioles divide during which stage of mitosis?
A. Prophase
B. Interphase
C. Telophase
D. Metaphase
E. Anaphase
54. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The pia mater is responsible for synthesis of cerebrospinal fluid
B. Multipolar neurons have many dendrites.
C.. Multipolar neurons have multiple axons .
D. The major cytoskeletal element in multipolar neurons is actin
E. Axons diminish in diameter with distance from the soma
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55. Which of the following would not be found in epithelial tissue?
A. Secretory granules
B. Cells in late telophase
C. Blood vessels
Q. Minimal intercellular material
E. Basement membrane
56. The bronchial tree is associated with:
A. Bronchioles, which are responsible for gas exchange.
B. Increasing numbers of Goblet cells as one proceeds towards the alveoli
C. Cilia present throughout the entire length
D. Primary bronchi which give rise to lobar bronchi
E. Abundant cartilage at all levels
57. The hydrophilic nature of ground substance:
A. Leads to a low viscosity of the extracellular matrix.
B. Can be attributed to the presence of macrophages.
C. Leads to formation of a gel that provides support to surrounding tissues.
D. Provides for easy passage of bacteria through tissues.
E. Is attributable to the presence of large amounts of sulfated hyaluronic acid.
58. Stratified columnar epithelium is easily demonstrated in:
A. small intestine.
B. large ducts of salivary glands
C. trachea
D. esophagus
E. urinary bladder
59. Which of the following is true about the duct portion of eccrine glands?
A. It does not contain a myoepithelial cell layer
B. It contains two different types of secretory cells
C. It is not found in thick skin
D. It has a portion called the acrotrichium
E. It is confined to the deep dermis or upper subcutis
60. Small contractile cells around capillaries are called:
A. Pericytes
B. Vasa vasorum
C. Myoendothelia
D. Sinusoids
E. Myoepithelial cells
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HISTOLOGY PRACTICAL EXAM I
1. Contractile-activating depolarization in this tissue passes from cell to cell via:
A. Gap junctions
B. There is no cell to cell communication
C. Tonofilaments
D. Intermediate filaments
E. Macula adherens
2. Which of the following is i cor t concerning the illustrated epithelium?
A. Any cilia present are considered non-motile
B. Goblet cells produce polysaccharide rich droplets
C. Cells with microvilli are sensory receptors
D. Cells lying on the basal lamina give rise to other cell types
E. Contains some cells that are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system
3. All of the following are true EXCEPT:
A. Each Haversian system has a central canal
B. Osteocytes occupy the lacunae in living bone
C. The canaliculi contain osteoprogenitor cells
D. Volkmann's canals connect adjacent Haversian canals
E. The bone matrix contains Type I collagen fibres
4. This structure is composed of:
A. Type I collagen
B. Osteonectin
C. Elastin
D. Type II collagen
E. Mesenchymal cells
5. The major protein inside the boxed region is:
A. Actin
B. Myosin
C. Desmin
D. Tubulin
E. Argulin
6. All of the following are true concerning this tissue EXCEPT:
A. Uses fatty acids as a source for energy
B. Has centrally located nuclei
C. Undergoes hyperplasia
D. Contains very few mitochondria
E. Is involuntary
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7. The dark band just inside the cell is comprised of?
A. Actin filaments
B. Troponin C and I
C. A and B microtubules
D. Striated myosin
E. Tonofilaments
8. The structure indicated contains:
A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein
B. Tubulin
C. Myelin
D. Nissl substance
E. Type II collagen
9. Which of the following is true about this layer of the epidermis?
A. it contains blood vessels
B. it has no organelles
C. it contains melanocytes
D. it is mitotically active
E. it is not present in thin skin
10. The peripheral blood cell indicated is a:
A. Eosinophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Platelet
E. Erythrocyte
11. Choose the correct answer:
A. The cartilage matrix contains Type I collagen fibres
B. The cartilage matrix contains elastic fibres
C. The cartilage matrix capsules surround chondroclasts
D. The lacunae contain chondroblasts
E. This type of cartilage comprises the fetal skeleton
12. The most common chemical that initiates depolarization, and where it occurs, in this
tissue is which of the following pairs:
A. Dopamine at the intercalated discs
B. Acetylcholine at the motor end plate
C. Adrenaline at the T-tubule
D. Acetylcholine at the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
E. Catecholamines at the Sarcolemma
13. The eosinophilic spherical particles are:
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B. Pars granulosa
C. Basal bodies
D. Secretory granules
E. Lipid droplets
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14 Choose the correct answer:
A. This is an example of loose cellular connective tissue
B. This tissue is avascular
C. These cells are derived from osteoprogenitor cells
D. These cells are rich in mitochondria
E. Cartilage develops from these cells
15. Identify this type of tissue.
A. Mucous connective tissue.
B. Lamina propria.
C. Dense irregular connective tissue.
D. Elastic lamellae.
E. Dense regular connective tissue.
16. The tissue outlined by the pointer is which type of connective tissue?
A. dense irregular
B. mucous tissue
C. loose irregular
D. dense regular
E. mesenchyme,
17. The bone marrow cell indicated gives rise to a(an):
A. Megakaryocyte
B. Macrophage
C. Erythrocyte
D. Plasma cell
E. Fat cell
18. Secretion in this tissue takes place in which manner?
A. Holocrine
B. Merocrine
C. Endocrine
D. Paracrine
E. Apocrine
19. The structure shown represents:
A. A primary bronchus
B. The trachea
C. Terminal bronchiole
D. Alveolar duct
E. A bronchus
20. The wavy, birefringent line is a(n):
A. Basement membrane of the intima
B. Internal elastic lamina of an artery
C. Condensation of the tunica adventitia
D. Venous internal lamina
E. Medial arterial lamina
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HISTOLOGY 2002
EXAM I
1. C
21. E
2. C
22. D
3. B
23. B
4. D
24. E
5. A
25. A
6. A
26. D
7. C
27. C
8. D
28. B
9. B
29. D
10. A
30. B
11. A
31. C
12. A
32. B
13. D
33. B
14. E
34. C
15. B
35. A
16. C
36. E
17. B
37. A
18. B
38. E
19. B
39. A
20. B
40. E
41. D
42. B.
43. C
44. A
45. D
46. E.
47. A
48. D
49. B
50. E
51. C
52. B
53. A
54. B
55. C
56. D
57. C
58. B
59. A
60. A
HISTOLOGY
EXAM I - PRACTICAL
1 A
2 A
3 C
4 A
5 D
6 C
7 A
8 A
9 B
10 C
11 E
12 B
13 D
14 D
15 C
16 C
17 C
18 A
19 E
20 B
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