Unit 7
Recreation
Section1：Learning Objectives
 Chinese local opera
 Comparing Chinese and Western recreational activities
 Skills on tourism conference
Section 2：Pre-class activities
Lead-in: Read the following introduction to Peking Opera.
China has more than 360 kinds of local operas which are the most ancient forms of
theater that still flourish today. Opera combines acting, singing, poetry, dialogue, and
acrobatics. Peking Opera is regarded as the national opera in China and called “Daxi” (drama
with complicated plots) for it has a long history and a complete system of stage performance.
Other local operas are called “Xiaoxi” (drama with a simple plot), usually developed from
singing and story-telling mixed with folk songs and dances.
Peking Opera is purely Chinese opera form which dates back to the year 1790. At that
year, four local opera troupes of Anhui Province came to Beijing on a performance tour at the
order of the imperial court. The tour was a hit and the troupes stayed. The artists absorbed the
tunes of the Hubei local opera and drew on the best of Kunqu opera, Qinqiang opera and
Hebei Bangzi and other local operas.
Facial Make-ups(脸谱)
For the painted role, the different colors of the faces represent different characters and
personalities. Generally Speaking, red signifies honesty, courage, and bravery. Purple does
the same but to a less degree. Black indicates fairness, faith, wisdom, and sometimes rudeness.
Blue stands for cruelness and fierceness, and sometimes arrogance. Yellow symbolizes the
same negative characters as blue. Green is the colour of an unstable character.
Types of Roles
“Sheng”, “Dan”, “Jing”, and “Chou” are just the terms for four different types of roles.
Sheng is the positive male role, Dan is the positive female role, Jing is a supporting male role
with striking character, and Chou is the clown. Every type has its telltale facial make-up and
decoration.
New Words:
flourish 繁荣 兴旺
acrobatics 杂技
troupe （尤指巡回演出的演员、歌手等组成的）团
hit 成功而风行一时的事物（如电影、歌曲等）
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telltale 泄露内情的
Questions
 What are Daxi and Xiaoxi?
 What do different facial make-ups represent?
 What are the four types of roles in Peking Opera?
Section 3：In-class Learning
Part A: Dialogue
Watching Peking Opera
Peter Sara: a visiting scholar to ABC University.
Miss Zhang: a secretary of the Foreign Affairs Office (FAO) of the university.
Miss Zhang: Good morning, Peter. Guess what I’ve got? I’ve got some tickets of Peking
Opera! Do you want to go with me?
Peter:
Great! My friend told me that Peking Opera is a must if you really want to
know about China.
Miss Zhang: Yes. Peking Opera is also called national opera of China. It is the quintessence of
Chinese culture. Some foreigners call it “Chinese ballet”. It features colorful
costumes, elaborate make-ups, and stylized gestures.
Peter:
What are the main characteristics of its performing art? Can we foreigners
understand it?
Miss Zhang: Basically, there are four elements of the performance: dialogue, singing, acting
and acrobatic fighting.
Peter:
What kind of themes are usually reflected in the opera?
Miss Zhang: It used to draw its themes from historical episodes and figures, or folk legends
and fairytales. Tonight we’re going to watch Monkey King.
Peter
Sounds interesting. It’s quite different from Western operas.
Miss Zhang: You are right. I’ll explain more to you while we’re watching.
Peter:
OK.
( In the theater, the performance does not start yet.)
Miss Zhang: Peter，this opera is being performed by the China Peking Opera Troupe, one of
the best in the country.
Peter
I’m glad that you invite me to watch the opera here. It’s really amazing, and
Peking Opera is a combination of many art forms: traditional amazing, and
Peking Opera is much more than an opera.
Miss Zhang: Yes, Peking Opera is a combination of many art forms: traditional Chinese music,
poetry, pantomime, acrobatics, martial arts, dancing, singing, as well as
elaborate costumes and make-ups.
Peter:
WOW! It really calls for careful study.
Miss Zhang: Peking Opera can be divided into civil plays and military plays. Monkey King
belongs to the military play, and the most attractive part in it is the acrobatic
fighting which shows Peking Opera as one of the most dynamic forms of theater
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in the world.
Peter :
Sure. I have heard that Monkey King is one of the best-known classical Chinese
novels, full of Chinese fables, fairytales, legends, popular belief and monster
stories.
Miss Zhang: Oh, Peter, you really know something about Chinese culture. One day you may
be an expert on it.
Peter:
Ha-ha, I just read the brochure before we entered the theater. Would you please
give me an “orientation” before the show so that I can understand more? What
is the main plot of the story Monkey King?
Miss Zhang: Monkey King includes three plays that draw on the fables of the Journey to the
West, the greatest of all Chinese myth cycles. These three tales follow Monkey
King Sun Wukong, a magically powerful but extremely mischievous
“ superhero”, as he accompanies the Buddhist monk Xuanzang on his journey to
India to seek the Buddhist scriptures.
Peter:
I see. Will the play start soon?
Miss Zhang: I think so. Ah, here it goes.
New words and expressions：
the quintessence of sth 典范 精华 精粹
pantomime 形体动作， 手势
martial art 武术
civil play 文戏
military play 武戏
costume 服装，戏装
elaborate adj. 精心制作的
make-up 化妆
legend 传说 传奇
cycle （叙述某一英雄或表现某一主题的）全套故事
mischievous 淘气的
scripture 经文
fairytale 神话故事
dynamic 有活力的
Buddhist 佛教 佛教徒
Role Play: Make a dialogue with your partner, Taking the role of Miss Lin and DR.
Smith.
Dr. Smith is a foreign expert working in DEF Company. He is very interested in Chinese
culture and wants to watch some Chinese dramas and shows. One day, Miss Lin gets some
tickets of Peking Opera. She invites Dr. Smith to watch Madame White Snake. Before the
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Performance, Miss Lin introduces Peking Opera and the main plot of the story Madame White
Snake to Dr. Smith.
Notes
Madame White Snake is a love story about a female white snake who wants to
experience human affection. She turns into a beautiful woman and descends into the human
world. She meets a handsome young scholar at the West Lake, Falls in love with him and
wants to marry him. Then an evil monk called Fa Hai appears, who stands in the way of the
love between the two young people and finally captures her. He turns her back into a white
snake and put her underneath the pagoda(宝塔)。
Part B: Text
Beijing Opera
Originally a form of local theatre, Peking Opera spread all over the country and then
became the national opera of China1. About 200 years ago, the Qing Emperor Qianlong
toured in southern China and developed an interest in the local operas. On his 80th birthday,
he let local opera troupes come to Beijing to perform for him. Some remained in Beijing after
the celebration. The ones from Anhui and Hubei were incorporated with the palace opera
-Kunqu Opera2, which formed the Peking Opera .Peking Opera combines stylized acting with
singing, dancing, musical dialogues, martial arts, colorful facial make-up and fantastic
costumes3. Female roles are called as“Dan”, Male roles are “Sheng”, Painted faces are
“Jin” and clowns are “Chou”.4 Each role, according to their sex, age and disposition, is
characterized by different designs of facial make-up,5 say, Jing representing a rough, frank
character and Hua Face representing a cruel or sinister character. So the audience can easily
tell what kind of character an actor is performing. Facial make-up, costumes and head dresses are wonderful works of traditional art.
Guangdong opera
It is one of the major categories in Chinese opera, originating in southern China’s
Cantonese culture. It is popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, and
Malaysia. As in all versions of Chinese opera, it is a traditional Chinese art form, involving
music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting. Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and
Macao are jointly trying to get UN recognition of Guangdong opera as intangible World
Heritage6. An official application has been handed in.
Henan Opera :
It is commonly called "Henan bangzi". Henan Opera is popular among the provinces
or regions of Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Ningxia, Xinjing, and so on, making it
one of the most influential operas in China. Instruments such as the banhu, erhu, sanxian, pipa,
dizi, sheng, and suona, and so on always accompany Henan Opera.
Vocabulary
troupe
incorporate
costume
一团、一班
合并的，公司组织的
服装，剧装
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clown
disposition
sinister
category
martial
recognition
intangible
小丑，粗鲁愚昧的人
性情，处置
不吉利的，凶恶的
种类，类别
军事的，战争的
认出，承认
难以明了的，无形的
Notes：
1. Peking Opera spread all over the country and then became the national
opera of
China
京剧风靡全国并成为中国的国剧。京剧是中国的“国粹”，历史上曾有皮黄、
二黄、黄腔、京调、京戏、平剧、国剧等称谓。
2.
The ones from Anhui and Hubei were incorporated with the palace opera –
Kunqu Opera.
来自安徽和湖北的地方戏剧与宫廷剧-昆曲相融合
3. Peking Opera combines stylized acting with singing, dancing, musical
dialogues,
martial arts, colorful facial make-up and fantastic costumes.
京剧表演融合了唱、念、作、打等多种艺术表现形式，辅以五彩缤纷的服装道具
以及化妆。
4. Female roles are called as“Dan”, Male roles are “Sheng”, and clowns
are
“Chou”.
在京剧中，女性的角色被称做“旦”，男性的角色被称做“生”，小丑被称做“丑”
5. Each role, according to their sex, age and disposition, is characterized
by different designs of facial make-up 每个角色都会依照他们的性别、
年龄及个性，在脸上画不同的脸谱
6. to get UN recognition of Guangdong opera as intangible World Heritage
努力促使广东粤剧成为得到联合国认可的世界无形文化遗产
7.
It is commonly called "Henan bangzi.“
豫剧通常被人们称作“河南梆子”
8.
Instruments such as the banhu, erhu, sanxian, pipa, dizi, sheng, and
suona, and so on always accompany Henan Opera.
豫剧的演奏乐器包括板胡、二胡、三弦、琵琶、笛子、笙和唢呐等等
Exercises
1. Answer the following questions, according to the text.
（1） How did the Peking Opera form?
(2) What does Peking Opera combine stylized acting with?
(3) How many major types of character roles in Beijing Opera?
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(4) At present, what are HK and Macau governments trying to do for Cantonese Opera?
(5) What are the major musical instruments accompanied in Henan Opera?
2. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
The Chinese drama mainly include opera and modern Chinese drama (Huaju). Different from
our traditional Chinese opera, Huaju was not introduced into China until the 20th century.
Opera is an important part of Chinese culture. It won fans of all dynasties for its enchanting
form of performance.
3. Translate the following passage into English.
常香玉，豫剧表演艺术家，被誉为“豫剧皇后”。常香玉 1922 年出生, 先是跟着父亲学戏，
13 岁因成功主演《西厢记》开始走红戏剧舞台。她塑造的艺术形象众多，从古代女将军
一直演到人民公社里的老百姓。她最走红的剧目之一《花木兰》，把一个一千五百年前
的传奇女英雄展现在万千观众的眼前。
Part B Text
How to Arrange an effective Meeting?
Effective Meetings - Tips
The following are some tips to help you make your next meeting successful, effective and
maybe even fun.
Before The Meeting
1. Define the purpose of the meeting.
2. Develop an agenda in cooperation with key participants. See a sample agenda.
3. Distribute the agenda and circulate background material, lengthy documents or articles
prior to the meeting so members will be prepared and feel involved and up-to-date.
4. Choose an appropriate meeting time. Set a time limit and stick to it, if possible. Remember,
members have other commitments. They will be more likely to attend meetings if you make
them productive, predictable and as short as possible.
5. If possible, arrange the room so that members face each other, i.e., a circle or semi-circle.
For large groups, try U-shaped rows.
6. Choose a location suitable to your group's size. Small rooms with too many people get
stuffy and create tension. A larger room is more comfortable and encourages individual
expression.
7. Use visual aids for interest (e.g., posters, diagrams, etc.). Post a large agenda up front to
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which members can refer.
8. Vary meeting places if possible to accommodate different members. Be sure everyone
knows where and when the next meeting will be held.
During The Meeting
1. Greet members and make them feel welcome, even late members when appropriate.
2. If possible, serve light refreshments; they are good icebreakers and make your members
feel special and comfortable.
3. Start on time. End on time.
4. Review the agenda and set priorities for the meeting.
5. Stick to the agenda.
6. Encourage group discussion to get all points of view and ideas. You will have better quality
decisions as well as highly motivated members; they will feel that attending meetings is worth
their while.
7. Encourage feedback. Ideas, activities and commitment to the organization improve when
members see their impact on the decision making process.
8. Keep conversation focused on the topic. Feel free to ask for only constructive and nonrepetitive comments. Tactfully end discussions when they are getting nowhere or becoming
destructive or unproductive.
9. Keep minutes of the meeting for future reference in case a question or problem arises.
10. As a leader, be a role model by listening, showing interest, appreciation and confidence in
members. Admit mistakes.
11. Summarize agreements reached and end the meeting on a unifying or positive note. For
example, have members volunteer thoughts of things they feel have been good or successful
or reiterate the organization's mission.
12. Set a date, time and place for the next meeting.
After The Meeting
1. Write up and distribute minutes within 3 or 4 days. Quick action reinforces importance of
meeting and reduces errors of memory.
2. Discuss any problems during the meeting with other officers; come up with ways
improvements can be made.
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3. Follow-up on delegation decisions. See that all members understand and carry-out their
responsibilities.
4. Give recognition and appreciation to excellent and timely progress.
5. Put unfinished business on the agenda for the next meeting.
6. Conduct a periodic evaluation of the meetings. Note any areas that can be analyzed and
improved for more productive meetings. See a sample meeting evaluation.
And remember, effective meetings will keep them coming back!
Snacks for a Business Meeting
Although business meetings are supposed to be about business, providing snacks for the
attendees will keep them from getting restless and help them stay focused. But this only
works if you choose the right foods and arrange the snacks in such a way that they will not be
a distraction.
Things You'll Need:

Fruits and vegetables or cheeses, crackers and pretzels

Eating utensils

Paper plates

Napkins

Glasses or bottles of water
Purchase a few trays of cut fruits and vegetables from the supermarket. Fruits and
vegetables will combat dehydration and prevent the carbohydrate overload that comes with
eating bagels and croissants, according to the Tampa Tribune's website, Tampa Bay Online.
Other snack options include cheese and crackers and unsalted pretzels.
Place the snacks in the center of the table where they are within reach. Avoid putting the
trays on a separate table to minimize the distraction of people getting up and walking around.
Put serving spoons or tongs on each of the trays or pretzel bowls. Allowing people to
touch food with their bare hands is an easy way to spread germs, according to the American
Red Cross.
Place a small paper plate, a napkin and a glass of water at each seat. Again, this will help
keep people seated.
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Treasure House
Huangmei Opera
Huangmei Opera, formerly named Huangmei Melodies, has a history of 200 years. It
originated in the tea-collecting songs in the region of Huangmei , Hubei Province, it
incorporates the folk songs in Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi Province. It takes the best parts of
ancient Qingyang Melody and came into being around the area of Anqing, Anhui Province.
Huangmei Opera excels in expressing people's feelings and various personalities. It is not
only loved by local people, but by international friends as well.
Sichuan opera
Sichuan opera is one of the Chinese oldest local operas and is popular in Sichuan
province and some regions of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. It is the most significant and
most interesting opera form from Southwestern China. As a stage entertainment, it conveys
the idea of time and space to the audience through performances. The opera is characterized
by its unique solo singing, refined acting, and also its unique skills: the changing faces,
spitting fire, and rolling light.
The face changing, or "bianlian" in Chinese, is an important intangible cultural heritage in
China. only a few masters have grasped this skill. they know how to change Sichuan opera
masks in magically quick succession. As they flourish their arms and twist their heads, their
painted masks change again and again and again, which is considered to be a magic .
Vocabulary
incorporate
excel
significant
convey
solo
refined
spit
succession
flourish
magic
[ in'kɔ:pəreit ] a. 合并的,公司组织的
[ ik'sel ] v. 胜过,优于,擅长
[ sig'nifikənt ] a. 有意义的,相当数量的
[ kən'vei ] v. 传达,运输,转移
[ 'səuləu ] a. 单独的
[ ri'faind ] a. 精炼的,优雅的,精细的
[ spit ] n. 唾液,小雨
[ sək'seʃən ] n. 连续
[ 'flʌriʃ ] v. 繁荣,茂盛,活跃
[ 'mædʒik ] n. 魔法,魔术
Notes：
Huangmei Opera, formerly named Huangmei Melodies.
黄梅戏从前也叫黄梅调
2.
It originated in the tea-collecting songs in the region of Huangmei.
它起源于湖北黄梅地区的采茶调
3.
It takes the best parts of ancient Qingyang Melody.
它汲取了古老的青阳唱腔中的精髓。黄梅戏唱腔委婉清新，分花腔和平词两大类。
花腔以演小戏为主，富有浓厚的生活气息和民歌风味，平词是正本戏中最主要的唱腔，
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常用于大段叙述，抒情，听起来委婉悠扬，有"梁祝"、"天仙配"等。
excels in expressing people's feelings and various personalities.
它以擅长抒发人物情感和刻画人物性格而见长。
5. The opera is characterized by its unique solo singing, refined acting,
and also its unique skills： the changing faces, spitting fire, and
rolling light.
这一剧种具有独特的演唱风格和细腻的表演，同时还拥有特殊的表演
技巧，如：变脸、喷火和滚灯等等。变脸是川剧表演艺术的特殊技巧
之一。它是剧中人物内心思想感情的一种浪漫主义表现手法。变脸的
方法大体分为三种--抹脸、吹脸、扯脸。
6. The face changing, or "Bianlian" in Chinese, is an important
intangible cultural heritage in China.
变脸是中国一项重要的非物质文化遗产。2006 年 5 月 20 日，经国务院
批准列入第 一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
7.
…how to change Sichuan opera masks in magically quick succession.
如何在一瞬间连续神奇地变出各种川剧的脸谱
Exercises：
1.
Answer the following questions.
（1） What’s the origin of Huangmei Opera?
(2) What are the famous works of Huangmei Opera? Could you tell who are the most
popular actresses for Huangmei Opera?
(3) What are the typical performing features of Sichuan Opera?
(4) Would you please introduce some unique skills in Sichuan Opera?
(5) Have you ever enjoyed the performance of Face-changing in Sichuan Opera? How many
things do you know about it?
2. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Huangmei opera is a kind of local operas in Anhui province. It is also one of those five main
operas of our nation. It has assimilated many coloratura tunes and ditties such as tea-picking
songs, fishing songs and woodsmen’s songs, and then it was becoming mature. The
representative program is “The Heavenly Maid and the Mortal”. Huangmei opera was named
after the Huangmei hill (Huaining county) where the opera originated and matured.
3.
Translate the following passage into English.
过去人们常常把民间歌曲和舞蹈叫做: 花鼓戏、采茶戏(舞者左手持茶篮，右手持
纸扇表演的民间舞蹈)、花灯戏(地方戏曲) 、秧歌戏(民间舞蹈)和彩调戏(地方戏曲)。这
些歌曲都是在民乐的基础上发展而来的，而戏曲源自地方流传的曲调。
4.
Search online.
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Please search on line for more information about the other Chinese local operas, such as: Kun
opera, shanghai Yue Opera etc. And share your findings with your classmates.
Supplement to the Word Bank
opera fan 戏迷
a national treasure. 国粹
Scene 场景
Drama 戏曲
Plot 情节
Monologue 独角戏
Melody 悦耳的音调
Convey 表达
traditional theatrical pieces 传统剧目
episode 插曲
(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场
rehearsal 排演
chief actress 女主角
chief actor 男主角
to present on the stage 搬上舞台
playwright 剧作家
historical play 历史剧
Useful Expressions
1. Peking opera has the characteristics of “comprehensiveness”,
“formality”, and “symbolism”.
京剧讲究“综合性”、“形式化”、“象征意义”
2. Peking opera has a lot of acrobatic combat.
京剧有很多的打戏
3. Peking opera has its unique performing style.
京剧有其独特的表演风格
4.
Peking opera is the most influential and representative of all operas
in China.
京剧是中国最有影响力和代表性的剧种
5.
Peking opera. has some classical operas, such as: The King Bids
Farewell to his Concubine, The Crossroads, The White Snake, The
Phoenix Returns to its Nest. Etc.
京剧有很多代表性的经典剧目，如：霸王别姬、三岔口、白蛇传、凤
还巢等。
6.
Meilanfang is one of the famous performers who plays the female
lead.
梅兰芳是京剧表演中著名的男扮女装（角色反串）演员
7. there are now Beijing opera fans all over the world.
京剧的爱好者遍及全世界。
8.
Beijing opera can be divided into the military plays and the singing
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。
plays.
京剧分为文戏和武戏。
9. Chinese traditional drama is thought to have come into being in the
Han Dynasty and became a true art form in the Song Dynasty.
通常认为中国传统戏曲产生于元代而在宋代发展成一种真正的艺术形
式
10. present-day Cantonese opera centers on Bangzi and Erhuang tunes
当 今 的 粤 剧 以 梆 子 和 二 黄 的 曲 调 为 主
11. With regard to Cantonese Opera , we know that there are major
vocal tunes in it which includes: Pinghou, Dahou and Zihou.
说到粤剧，众所周知它的发声包括三类：平喉、大喉和子喉
12. Kunqu has a longer history than any other operatic form in China.
在中国，昆曲的产生比其它的剧种历史要更悠久。
Section 4 : After-class Activities
Task 1
Read the following dialogue about Taijiquan and do the exercises.
Peter:
Good morning. What are you practicing?
Miss Zhang: Taijiquan. Some foreigners call it “shadow boxing”.
Peter:
What’s that?
Miss Zhang: Taijiquan is an ancient Chinese physical art. It is deeply rooted in Chinese
philosophy and Taoist wisdom.
Peter:
It seems that Taijiquan is a sport of uncompetetitive nature. The movement is so
slow, smooth and elegant.
Miss Zhang: The main practice in Taijiquan is the form itself, which is a series of movements
excuted slowly and smoothly in a relaxed yet focused manner.
Peter
Is Taijiquan a form of martial art in China, what you call kunfu?
Miss Zhang: Yes, taijiquan is one of the effective and powerful martial arts.
Peter:
But why does it look so different from Bruce Lee’s kunfu?
Miss Zhang: In general, martial arts are speed and physical strength with the objective of
striking as fast as possible. The basic combat strategy in taijiquan is different:
The aim is to flow with the opponent’s movements rather than against. The
striking force is not derived from physical momentum but from the flow of
internal energy built up through the form.
Peter
I assume that taijiquan is good for one’s physical health.
Miss Zhang: Exactly. Practicing taijiquan can prevent illness, lesson one’s stress level and
improve the quality of sleep, Personally, after starting practicing, I have fewer
coughs and colds and when I do, they are less severe.
Peter:
Is taijiquan difficult to learn?
Miss Zhang: Well, at the start one must learn the bare framework of the movements. This
phase is relatively easy. It is only when one has studied a routine sufficiently for
it to be fairly fluid, can one work at the mental aspects of taijiquan. Taijiquan
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emphasizes the creation of emptiness, a state of mind. In such a state the constant
play of thoughts about the past and the future has ceased. This intangible process
is more difficult.
Peter :
It seems to me that taijiquan is quite similar to India’s yoga in that physical
movements are used to free the mind from its normally rigid channels of thought.
Miss Zhang: Yes, exactly.
Notes:
Taoist: adj. 道教的， 道家学说的
BruceLee(1940-1973)：李小龙
yoga：瑜伽
Role play. Make a dialogue with your partner, taking the role of Miss Lin and Dr,
Smith.
Miss lin is surprised to know that Dr. Smith has been practicing taijiquan for two months
since his arrival in China. Being a fan of taijiquan, Miss lin exchange her views with Dr.
Smith about the characteristics of taijiquan, the benefit of practicing taijiquan, and other
forms of Chinese martial arts.
Task 2
Simulation
Work in groups of 3-4. Suppose you are going to make a presentation about a local opera. The
following points should be covered in your presentation:

The type of music and dialect the local opera is based on;

The features of the make-up and customs of the lical opera;

The roles of the local opera;

Well-known plays of the local opera.
Task 3
Unit report
Work out a 2-day plan of recreational activities for your foreign teacher who is going to spend
his/her first weekend in China. Note that your teacher is free on Saturday and Sunday
afternoons and evenings. Give reasons for your arrangements.
Possible recreational activities:

Acrobatic performances
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
Folk song performances

Local opera performances

Karaoke clubs

Disco dancing halls

Bars

Teahouses
Task 4
Try to find some materials. Write a report on the procedure of receiving guests. It mainly
includes the following steps:
1. Collect information;
2. Make hotel, car and dinner reservations;
3. Receive guests at the airport;
4. Help guests with registration at the hotel;
5.
Arrange an initial meeting.
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