Study Guide for 2nd Semester Final Exam for Biology II – May 2012
Final is 10% of semester grade!
Exam will consist of 80 questions pulled from chapters 32, 33, 34, 35, & Nature
Unbound Curriculum (lessons 1–8).
Chapter 32 & 33 - 20 Questions:
- What are the two unique tissues that animals possess for movement and signal conduction?
- Know the definitions for the following: coelomate; acoelomate; and pseudocoelomate.
- Which phylum contains the greatest number of known species?
- What is the most strongly supported hypothesis about the origin of the metazoans which
demonstrates the animal kingdom is monophyletic?
- What characteristics separate sponges as being differ from other animals?
- Of the 9 major characteristics of animals, which is the one most defining characteristic?
- What type of cleavage do protostomes and deuterstome develop through?
- A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying embryonic development, she
observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus. This animal was
categorized as _?_. (protostomes or deuterstome)
- In which phylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve?
- What is the pattern of embryonic development that most animals undergo? (hint: 4 steps)
- What are the three animal phyla that dominate animal life on land?
- What phylum includes deuterostome animals that are exclusively marine and have
radial symmetry as adults?
- Which of the following phyla possess true bilateral symmetry? (Cnidaria, Porifera,
Platyhelminthes, or Ctenophora)
- What is the function of flame cells in a flatworm?
- Be able to identify diseases caused by a nematode?
- What is the common name for animals within the phylum Ctenophora?
- Know the definition for tapeworm’ proglottids.
- Be able to list classes belonging to the phylum Cnidarian.
- What is the proper term for the specialized, larger pore in sponges where water and waste exit?
Chapter 34 - 20 Questions:
- Torsion is a unique characteristic of what animal group?
- What are the chitin-based structures in annelids used for the process of locomotion?
- What is the most successful phylum on the planet in terms of numbers?
- The fact that Arthropods molt means they are placed in what group? (proper term for
this group)
- Be able to give common name examples of Decapods.
- Based upon protostome-deuterostome characteristics, what phyla is the closest relative
to the chordates?
- Know the structural components of the water-vascular system of an echinoderm? (i.e.
sea star)
- What is the definition for a lophophore?
- What phylum includes snails, clams, oysters, and octopuses?
- What is the proper term for the folds of tissue that arise from the dorsal body wall and
enclose a cavity surrounding the visceral mass in mollusks?
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- The organ that is responsible for secreting cocoons in the oligochaetes is known as
the _?_.
- Know examples of mollusks that live on land.
- Squids and octopuses move by means of water movement through which particular
parts of their body?
- How are nitrogenous waste removed in mollusks? (name the structure)
- What is the proper term for the partitions that separate the segments of the annelid
body?
- What is the most successful class of arthropods?
- What is the proper term for the passage of an arthropod through stages from egg to
adult?
- In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against the _?_.
- Air passage into the trachea of most insects is controlled by the closing and opening of
valves, which operate special openings called _?_.
- A sieve-like plate on the echinoderms surface through which water enters the vascular
system and flows to the ring canal through a tube is properly called _?_.
Chapter 35 - 20 Questions:
- A single-loop closed circulatory system is a characteristic of which vertebrate group?
- The _?_ of the body fish evolves to counter the effects of increased bone density.
- From which group of fish did the amphibians originate?
- What was the first group of animals to utilize an amniotic egg?
- What are the nearest relatives of the chordates? (Hint: have deuterostome development)
- What was the most important key evolutionary advance that allowed the reptiles to live
in a variety of habitats?
- Feathers are unique to birds; however, birds also share what feature with reptiles?
- Tunicates are chordates but are very different from the other two subphyla. What
features associated them with the other chordates?
- The defining characteristics of mammals are _?_. (know top three)
- The mucous sheet produced by the endostyle traps the microscopic food particles in the
water. This sheet is located in the pharynx of what animal?
- Small, fishlike marine chordates, pointed at both ends with no distinguishable head, in
which the notochord runs the entire length of the nerve cord, are called _?_.
- Most bony fishes have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called
the _?_.
- Birds, like mammals, can regulate their body temperatures within close limits.
Therefore birds and mammals are called _?_.
- Be able to list the five groups of chordates from most to least diversity of species.
- What group of living reptiles care for their young and have a four-chambered heart, as
birds do?
- The most successful terrestrial vertebrates that invaded the air are _?_.
- Monotremes differ from the other mammals in what trait / characteristic?
- The only marsupial mammal living (natively in the wild) in North America is the _?_.
- In humans one pair of pharyngeal gill slits become the tube-shaped organ called the _?_.
- Our own species, _?_, appears to have evolved in Africa less than 200,000 years ago.
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Nature Unbound - 20 Questions:
- Define ecology.
- Be able to make a statement that best describes conservation’s role in society.
- Ecologist work through the use of scientific method; be able to describe that process.
- Know the reproductive strategies of Mead’s milkweed.
- Be able to explain which type of reproductive strategy would give an organism the
greatest genetic diversity.
- Be able to explain why genetic diversity is so important to a species survival.
- Be able to list and explain limiting factors to a population’s carrying capacity.
- What are the three key measurements of a population that ecologists make?
- What would happen, over time, if two species occupied the exact same niche?
- What would be the impact to an ecosystem if all the large mammalian predators were
eliminated?
- Know the relationship between the size of a population and the size of its home range in
regards to the likelihood of a species to go extinct.
- Know the number one factor causing extinction of most species.
- Why are there usually fewer than five levels in an energy pyramid?
- Be able to explain how the flow of energy in a food web (to the remaining components)
if one component was reduced.
- Know details about how the following abotic cycles operate: water; nitrogen; carbon; &
phosphorus. (Be able to outline and describe a complete cycle for each).
- Know how a community’s stability is related to biodiversity.
- Be able to predict secondary succession stages that would occur to an oak – hickory
forest ecosystem if a F-5 tornado tore a quarter mile path through the forest right down to
bare soil.
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