Biology 1500
Final Exam Review
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What phylum of animals lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs?
What key evolutionary development of animals was first seen in sponges?
How do Cnidarians differ from other metazoans?
Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to muscles and bones?
What group of animals has a water vascular system, moves with two feet, and
has an endoskeleton?
What are the four characteristics that all chordates have in common?
Which animal phylum has an exoskeleton and jointed appendages?
What does the notochord develop into in vertebrates?
Why haven’t arthropods been able to reach great sizes?
What does the ectoderm develop into?
Define cephalization.
Give 3 examples of mollusks.
What is the significance of a notochord in chordates?
What is the biggest animal phylum?
What other phylum are chordates most closely related to?
How long ago was the Cambrian explosion?
What single event most likely caused the demise of dinosaurs?
What group of animal dominates the Cenozoic Era?
What is the advantage of having jaws?
List some characteristics that allowed amphibians to successfully invade
land.
List characteristics that allow reptiles to dominate land.
List a characteristic that both birds and reptiles share?
What are monotremes?
What is the closest primate relative of humans?
Why is it not yet possible to identify with certainty, the first hominoid
ancestor?
List the characteristics of humans that allows for bipedalism.
Where did the human lineage first appear?
What is the biggest difference between the genus Australopithecine and
homo?
Do all chordates have a vertebral column?
Do deuterostomes or protostomes form an anus before they form a mouth?
List three ways adult frogs breathe.
What type of circulatory system is present in all vertebrates?
What direction do arteries carry blood? Veins?
What are the primary organs of respiration in humans and what cavity of the
body are they found in?
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
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Define alimentary canal.
Where does chemical digestion begin in a vertebrate?
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
What phylum of animals lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs?
What key evolutionary development of animals was first seen in sponges?
Cnidarians differ from other metazoans in their symmetry. What type of
symmetry do cnidarians possess?
What are the two body forms seen in the Phylum Cnidaria? How do they
differ?
Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to muscles and bones?
How do flatworms respire?
What phylum do flatworms belong to?
Describe organisms within the phylum Nematoda.
What are the three body regions of a mollusk?
What kind of organisms is in the group of mollusks known as cephalopods?
Describe the body of an Annelid.
How many body segments do insects have?
What is the exoskeleton of an arthropod composed of?
What group of animals has a water vascular system, moves with tube feet,
and has an endoskeleton?
What are the four characteristics that all chordates have in common?
Which animal phylum has an exoskeleton and jointed appendages?
What does the notochord develop into in vertebrates?
Why haven’t arthropods been able to reach great sizes?
What does the ectoderm develop into?
Give and example of a Cnidarian with a medusa body form.
Define cephalization.
Give 3 examples of mollusks.
Distinguish between a protostomes and a deuterostomes.
What is the significance of a notochord in chordates?
What is the biggest animal phylum?
What other phylum are chordates most closely related to?
Which of the following includes the biggest block of time? Epoch, Era, Age, or
Period
How long ago was the Cambrian explosion?
What single event most likely caused the demise of dinosaurs?
What do you call a rapid decline in species diversity?
List the three periods that the Mesozoic Era is divided into.
What group of animal dominates the Cenozoic Era?
What structure do fish possess that enable them to regulate buoyancy?
What is the advantage of having jaws?
List some characteristics that allowed amphibians to successfully invade
land.
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Place the following in the correct sequence according to the appearance in
the fossil record. Amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds, mammals
List characteristics that allow reptiles to dominate land.
List a characteristic that both birds and reptiles share?
Define endotherm.
What is the function of the placenta in mammals?
What are monotremes?
List some functions of the mammalian circulatory system.
List the three components of the human circulatory system.
Name three types of circulatory systems found in the animal kingdom.
What blood vessels are the smallest in diameter?
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
What types of cells make up the cellular component of blood?
What type of cells are involved in delivering oxygen?
What structure separates the left and right sides of the heart?
What are the primary organs or respiration in mammals?
What muscle aids in respiration?
What types of feeders are present in the kingdom Animalia?
What structure closes off the trachea so food and water will not reach the
lungs?
Define peristalsis.
What organ of the digestive system is responsible for nutrient absorption?
What is absorbed by the large intestines?
Where are feces stored before they exit the body?
What is the pH of the gastric juices in the stomach?
What is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder?
List the three regions of the small intestines.
List the three accessory organs of the digestive system.