Session: 2007-2008
Examination: 2008
DEPARTMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

GEB-501
GEB -502
GEB -503
GEB -504
GEB -505
GEB -506
GEB -507
GEB -508
GEB -509
GEB -510
GEB -511
GEB- 512
a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b.
Cytogenetics and Molecular Breeding
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Microbial Genetics
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Biology of Immune System and Human Genetics
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Enzyme Technology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Plant Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Animal Cell Science and Technology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100
G.T. 600
Advanced Molecular Biology and Bioinfromatics
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Finger
Printing
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
Biometrical Genetics and Data Analysis
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
Environmental and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
Food Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
Industrial and Fuel Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment /Tutorial
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
G.T. 600
100
100
100
100
Thesis
Seminar
Viva-voce
Marks
200
50
50

a. b.
a. b.
a. b.
a. b.
a. b.
a. b.
Cytogenetics and Molecular Breeding
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Microbial Genetics
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Biology of Immune System and Human
Genetics
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Enzyme Technology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Plant Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
Animal Cell Science and Technology
Class attendance /Class assignment /Tutorial
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
G.T. 600
100
100
100
100
100
100

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Sources and cytology of monosomic, nullisomic and trisomic.
2 Breeding behavior and morphology of monosomic, nullisomic and transonic.
3. Meiotic behavior of auto and allopolyploids.
4. Cytogenetics of substitutions lines.
5. Cytogenetics of alien additions and substitutions.
6. Aneuploidy in Animals and Man.
7. Aliens gene transfer through chromosomae manipulations.
1. Plant Genome – Nuclear and cytoplasmic; Significance of organelle genomes; Genome size and sequence components; Modern gene concept - Gene structure, structural and functional genes.
RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, SNP etc. Development of SCAR and SSR markers.
3. Gene flow in plants – Development of mapping population – Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), screening and validation; Trait related markers and characterization of genes involved; Mapping genes on specific chromosomes; QTL mapping; Gene pyramiding; Transcript mapping techniques. Development of ESTs issues; Marker Assisted Breeding in transgenics – herbicide resistance; Pest and disease resistance; Quality enhancement etc.
Qualitative/Real Time assays; DNA Chip and its technology.
Book References:
Cytogenetics of Aneuploids by Gurdev S. Khusn. Academic press. New York & London.
Cytogenetics by P.K. Gupta. Rastogi and company, Subasn Bazar, Meerut. India.
Genetics by P.S. Verma and V. K. Agarwal, S. Chand and company, Ramnagen. New Delhi.
Genetics by C.Y. Avers Revised Edition.
Cytogology and Genetics VR dnyanzagan. Tota meGraw Publishing. Company Ltd. New Delhi.
Glick. BR. and Pastenak. J. J. 1988, Molecular Biotechnology. ASM Press. USA.
Giover. D.M and Hames. B.D. 1995, DNA Cloning 1 and 2 IRL press USA.
Sambrook. J. Fritsch. E.F. Mariatis. 1999, Molecular Cloning. Aulaboratory. Manual. Cold.
Watson. 1992, Recombinant DNA.
Molecular Biotechnology, Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. 2003, ASM Press, USA.
DNA cloning 1 and 2 Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995, IRL. Press (Oxford University Press, USA)
Molecular Cloning, A laboratory Manual, Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Mariatis 3 edition, 2001, Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, U.S.A.
Recombinant DNA, Waston, 1992.
Molecular Biology of the Cell (4 th edition.) Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Water.
Molecular Cell Biology (5 th edition). Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipersky and Darnell.
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4 th edition) Nelson and Cox.
Molecular Biology of the Gene, Watson, Baker, Bell.
Molecular Biotechnology. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. 2003. ASM Press, USA
Istavari Rasko and C. Stephen Downes (1995):.Genes in Medicine.
Strachan, T.A. and Read A.P. (1996): Human molecular genetics
Anolles, G. C. and Gresshoff, P.M., 1997DNA markers – protocols, applications and overviews. Wiley – Liss, New
York.
Clark, D. P.,2005, Molecular Biology, Elsevier, USA.
Henry R. J., Plant Genotyping: The DNA fingerprinting of plants.
CABI, New Delhi, 2005. M.Sc. (Agricultural Biotechnology) BCIL 34.
Patterson. 1998, Molecular dissection of complex traits, CRC Publications, Washington.
Purohit, S. S. 2007, Biotechnology – Fundamentals and Applications, 8 th Edition, Agrobios, India.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Introduction: The evolution of microbial genetics: Adaptation, mutation and selection, multinuclear conditions, dominance and recessive ness of characters. Early concept of bacterial variation.
2. Bacteriological media, physical condition required for growth, normal growth cycle of bacteria. Quantitative measurement of growth, direct microscopic count, the plate count method, membrane filter count, electronic enumeration of cell numbers, turbid metric method.
3. Spectrophotometer method; isolation and identification of bacteria. Methods of maintenance and preservation of bacteria, periodic transfer, freeze-drying (lyophilization) and storage at low temperature. Coram sensing of bacteria.
4. Genetics of Bacteria: Genetic transfer of characters; Bacterial conjugation, conjugation mating type. Recognition of factors. Chromosomal transfer, interrupted mating experiments, chromosome mapping.
5. Bacterial transformation- transformation of pneumococcal capsular types, cellular competence and environmental conditions required for transformation, molecular mechanism of transformation, gene mapping by transformation linkages: Transformation-general, restored and abortive transformation; Fine structure study through transformation.
6. Vectors: Plastids as vector, pBR322 and other plasmid vectors, Bacteriaphase vectors, Cosmid,
Phonemes; YAC and BAC vectors; Selectable markers in vectors.
7. Genetics of fungi: Alteration of generation study of Aspergillus nidulus, Neurospora crassa and yeast.
8. The dynamic genome: Mobile genetic elements in covariates (jumping genes)- relevance to plants; studies in maize; generation of antibody diversity.
9. Genetics of Viruses: Genetics of bacteriophage (Lambda) and phage induced mutation. DNA and its gene organization.
10. Site-specific recombination.
11. Reverse genetics. T-DNA insertion mutants. “Gene machines”. Gene silencing.
12. Epigenetic phenomena-transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing. Epigenetic mechanisms in development.
Book References:
Smutted D.P siphons M.J. and Jenkins. J.B. 1997. Principles of Genetics Jacaranda / Wiley publishers.
Stanly R. Maloy, John E. Cronan Jr. David Freifelder. 2006. Microbial Genetics, 2 nd edn. Narosa
Publishing House New Delhi.
Bulock, 1987, Basic Biotechnology.
Gibson. 2002, Microbial degradation of orginic compounds.
Lizuka, 1981, Microbial conversion of steroid and alkaloids.
Laskin, 1985, Enzymes and Immobilized cells in biotechnology.
Smith J. E. 2009, Biotechnlogy, 5 th ed, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Glick B.R., Pasternak J.J. 2003, Molecular Biotechnology, 3 rd ed, ASM Press, Washingoton D.C.
Davis 1976, Single Cell Protein.
Laskin 1985, Enzymes and Immobilized Cells in Biotechnology.
Gibson 1994, Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 1
1. Introduction.
2. The Immune System: Its Organization and its Cells.
3. The Molecular Components of an Immune Response.
4. Effecter Components of an Immune Response.
5. Induction and Regulation of the Immune Response.
6. Immunity in Health and Diseases.
Human Genetics
1. Human X and Y chromosome X-inactivation, karyotype.
2. Familial hypercholesterolemia, syndroms: Multi X females, Fragile X syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.
3. Transmission pattern of single genedisorders: Auto somal dominontdisorders, Auto somalrecessive disorders, X-unked disordes.
4. Genomic imprinting: Prader-willi and Angelman syndromes.
5. Genetic Disease: Metabolic disorder, Genetics of the disease of the Gastro-intestinal system,
Genetic aspect of diseases of aging.
6. Heredity methaemoglobinaemia: Genetics of Blood group antigen, Genetics of hemoglobin,
Disease of coagulation of blood. Hereditary hemolytic Anemia, disease Affecting thyroid hormone.
7. Cancer Genetics: Cell Biology and moleculer basis of cancer, types of tumors, characteristics of cancer cells how a cell becomes cancerous, origin of cancer.
8. Applying DNA Science to human Genetics: Use of Molecular markers in Mapping and identification, Sis ease Gene, RFLP Diagnosis of Sickle cell Anemic, Cloning the Cystic
Fibrosis Gene, Direct gene diagnosis, Gene-tracking.
9. Use of Human Genetics in Medical Science: (i) Genetic counseling (ii) Antenatal diagnosis
(iii) gene therapy (iv) Making choice of baby’s sex (v) DNA fingerprinting in forensic
Science.
Book References:
Snustad, D.P., Simmons, K.J. John Wiley & Sons.Inc.Principles of Genetics.
Lewin. Genes VIII, B. Oxford University Press, U.K.
Watson. 1992, Recombinant DNA.
Hart. 1998, Human Genetics.
Lee, T.F. 1992, Human Genome Project, Plenum Press, New York.
Http:/www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat(hgn/v 10nl/06snps. html.Human Genome News
Micktos, Davod A. and Freyer, Greg a. 2003, DAN Science. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press and
Carolina Biological Supply company.
Bruce R. Korf. 2000, Human Genetics-A Problem Based Approach.
Hartwell Hood, Goldberg.Genetics From Genes to Genomics.
Strachan & Read. 3 rd Edition.Human Molecular Genetics.
Ivan Roitt Jonathan Brostoff and Devid Male. 1998, Immunology 4 th ed, Moshby. New York.
Ian R. Tizard. 1996, Verterinary Immunology an introduction. 5 th ed, W. B. Saunders Company.
Danald M. wein. and John Stewart. 1997, Immunology. 8 th ed, Churchill Lingstone. Longman Singapor publishers (Pvt) Ltd.
John Macloed: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, 24 th ed.
Gillham. B. Despo. K. P. Thomas. J.H: Will’s Biochemical Basis of Medicine.
Harper’s Review of Biochemistry. 24 th ed.
Jains Kuby, Immunology, W.H. Freeman & Co. NY.
Alberts, B. Bray, D. Lewis. 1989, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland publishing, Inc. New York.
Roitt, Brostoff, Nale. 1999, Immunology.
Roitt. 1998, Essential Immunology.
Robbins. Pathologie basis of disease, 5 th ed, Ramzi S. Cotron, Vinay Kumar, Stanley L. Robbins.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment/
Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Introduction: Brief history, Classification, nomenclature, enzyme assay, specific activity, enzyme activity units, enzymes as biological catalysts.
2. Factors affecting the rate of enzymatic reactions: Substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, pH, temperature, coenzyme and cofactor.
3. Enzyme kinetics: Mono-substrate reactions, Michaelis-Menten equation and its linear transformations. K m
and V max
: definition, determination, significance.
4. Enzyme inhibition: Reversible inhibition - competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition; Irreversible inhibition. Michaelis-Menten equation.
5. Functional groups: Identification of functional groups essential for catalysis, ribonuclease and chymotrypsin as specific examples.
6. Factors affecting the efficiency of enzyme as catalysis: Proximity and orientation, covalent catalysis, acid base catalysis, metal ion catalysis.
7. Bisubstrate reactions: Single and double displacement reactions - random and ordered mechanisms.
8. Specificity of enzyme: Absolute specificity, broad specificity, intermediate specificity, and stereo specificity.
9. Active site of enzyme: Common features, enzyme substrate complex formation, and evidences.
10
.
Enzyme regulation: Allosteric enzymes, co-operativity special characteristics. Monod and
Koshland Models, covalent modification of enzymes, specific examples to be studied: ATCase,
Glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase.
11
.
Mechanism of enzyme action: specific examples - chymotrypsin, lysozyme, ribonuclease and carboxipeptidase.
12
.
Isoenzymes: Characteristics and importance.
Book References:
A. C. Dev. Fundamentals of Biochemistry.
Thomas M. Devlin. Text Book of Biochemistry.
Lehninger. A.L. 1987, Biochemistry.
Stryer L. Biochemistry.
Voet & Voet. 1991, Biochemistry.
Ian D. K. Halkerston. Biochemistry.
Robert. Enzyme Kinetics.
Dixon. Enzymes.
Fersht. 1985, Enzymatic Reaction Mechanism.
Boyer. 1970, The enzymes.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Defination, history, scope and importance of biotechnology.
2. Cell and tissue culture, tissue culture media, culture initiation.
3. Isolation and maintenance of callus and suspension cultures.
4. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.
5. Shoot-tip culture, meristem culture, embryo culture and embryo rescue.
6. Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion, importance of protoplast culture.
7. Anther, pollen and ovary culture for production of haploid and homozygous lines.
8. Somaclonal variation, causes of variation, steps involved for production of somaclonal variants, and importance in agriculture.
9. Cryopreservation and germplasm conservation, importance.
10. Recombinant DNA Technology: Defination, restriction endonucleage, steps involved in recombinant DNA technology, DNA library, plasmid and vectors.
11. Plant transformation technology, methods, advantages limitations and application of plant transformation technology.
12. Metabolic engineering and industrial products.
13. Molecular marker-aided breeding.
Book References:
Waston, J, D. Tooze, J. and Kurtz D.T. 1983, Recombinant DNA: A short course, scientific American
Books, New york.
Drlica, K. 1984, Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning A Guide for the Curious, John Wiely & Sons, New
York.
Steven, P., 1984, Biotechnology-A New Industrial Revolution, George Braziller Inc. USA.
Antebi, E. and Fishiock, D. 1986, Biotechnology, The Mit Press, USA.
Marx, J.L. 1989, A Revolution in Biotechnology. Cambridge Univ. Press, UK.
Old, Principles of Gene Manipulation and Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 3 rd Ed, Koshland,
Biotechnology.
Smith, 1996, Biotechnology.
Rehm, 1986, Biotechnology.
Brown, 1987, Introduction to Biotechnology.
Kingsman and Kingsman 1988, Genetic Engineering.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Introduction of Animal Cell, Tissue and Organ culture.
2. Structure and organization of Animal Cell.
3. Primary Culture and Established Cell Line Cultures.
4. Equipments and Materials for Animal Cell Culture Technology.
5. Basic Techniques of Mammalian Cell Culture.
6. Growth Media.
7. Biology and Characterization of Cultured Cells.
8. Stem Cell Culture.
9. Manipulation of Cultured cells and Tissues.
10. Manipulation of Reproduction and Transgenic animals.
11. Animal Tissue Culture and Hybridoma Technology.
12. Application of Animal Cell Culture.
13. The cell cycle: An overview of the cell cycle, components of the cell cycle control system.
14. Cell death: Necrosis, autophagy and programmed cell death (apoptosis), caspases and apoptosis cell death receptors, regulators of cell death program, etc.
15. Cell growth and survival signaling.
Book References:
Hairston, N. G. 1994, Vertibrate Zoology- An Experimental Field approach. CUP.
Jardan, E. I. and Verma, P. S. Invertibrate Zoology. S. Chand and Com. Ltd. New Dilhi.
Jardan, E. I. and Verma, P. S. Chordate Zoology. S. Chand and Com. Ltd. New Dilhi.
Parker T. J. and Haswell, W. A. 1990, A Text Book of Zoology. Vol. I and II. Low Price Publication
India.
Storer T. I. General Zoology, Tata – Megraw Hill Pub. Co. Ltd. India.
Young, J. 1981, Life of Vertebrate. OUP, USA.
Frost, S.W., Economic Zoology.
Srivastava, P.D. Economic Zoology.
Sukhla et.al. Economic Zoology.
Benerji, Animal Husbandry, India.
Hafez, Animal Husbandry.
Deb et.al
., Higher Practical Zoology (in Bangali-Uccatar Bayboharic Pranibijnan).Mullick Brothers,
Dhaka.
Ghosh, Veterynary Anatomy, India.

GEB -507 a. b.
GEB -508
GEB -509
GEB -510
GEB -511
GEB- 512 a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b.
Advanced Molecular Biology and
Bioinformatics
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA
Finger Printing
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
Biometrical Genetics and Data Analysis
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
Environmental and Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
Food Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
Industrial and Fuel Biotechnology
Class attendance /Class assessment
/Tutorial
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
100
100
100
100
100
100

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Modern definition of gene and its structure.
2. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: Principles of transcriptional regulation. Lac and
Trip operon, inducible and repressible systems, positive and negative control.
3. Regulation of gene expression in Eukaryotes: Transcription factors, regulatory proteins,
Expression of specific genes. Hailstone genes: Globins genes: Heat shock genes: Leg hemoglobin genes: genes for storage proteins of legumes and cereals: possible role of middle repetitive DNA in control of gene expression, Bitten-Davidson model of Genes for ribosomal
RNA, RNAS in gene regulation.
4. Mutation and repair of DNA: Type of mutation: spontaneous and Induced mutation. Physical and chemical mutagens. Molecular basis of mutation, in vitro autogenesis, site-directed autogenesis, detection of mutation, transposes and insert ional elements.
5. Alteration and repair of DNA: Mechanism, rate and its measurement.
6. Molecular biology of organelles: Genomes of mitochondria and plastid-interaction with nucleus.
Robison-a case study of duel control of its synthesis by nucleus as well as playtime.
7. Restriction modification enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology.
8. Basic techniques in Molecular Biology (i) Extraction of DNA, RNA and protein, Visualization of DNA using Gel electrophoresis.
(ii) Polymerease chain reaction, Key considerations for designing primers. Optimization of different steps
(iii) Basic aspects of plasmid cloning vector, processing of PCR product and cloning vector, using restriction enzymes, ligation of PCR product into cloning vector.
(iv) Transformation: Transferring recombinant DNA into E-coli, Chemical induction and
Electro oration.
(v) Application of molecular biology in Forensic medicine and Agriculture.
1. Information Retrieval from Biological Databases: Retrieving database entries,Integrated information retrieval: The entrez system, sequence databases beyond NCBI,
TIGR, TAIR.
2. Sequence-alignment related problems: Sequence databases; Similarity matrices; Pair wise alignment; BLAST; Statistical significance of alignment; Sequence assembly; Multiple sequence alignment; Clustal; Phylogenetics: distance based approaches, maximum parsimony.
3. Pattern analysis in sequences: Motif representation: consensus, regular expressions; PSSMs;
Markov models; Regulatory sequence identification using Meme; Gene finding: composition based finding, sequence motif-based finding.
4. Submitting DNA Sequences to the Databases: Introduction, Where to submit, What to submit,
How to submit on the world wide web, How to submit with sequin.

Book References:
Lowing B. Genes Vii. Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition.
Darn ell J. Lodi’s. H. And Baltimore. D. 1986, Molecular Cell Biology. W.H. Freeman and Company,
New York.
Albert’s B. Bray. D. Lewis. J. 1989, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cleo.
Garland Publishing. Inc. New York. Wolfe. S. L. Farnsworth. Belmont C.A.
Adams, R.L.P., Burden, R.H., Camphel, L.D.P., Smelline,R.M.S. 1981, The Biochemistry of the Nucleic acids. 9 th edition, Campbell and Hall.
De Robertis, E.D.P. and De robertis Jr. E.M.E. 1988, Molecular Biology.8
th edition , Cell and Info-Med.
Albert, L., Nelson David, L., Cox, Michael.1993, Biochemistry, 1 st
Edition, CBS Publisher’s and Distibutors.
Lehninger, M. Principles of Indian
Strayer, Lubert. 1988, Biochemistry, 3 rd Edition, Q. H. Freeman and company, NewYork.
Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Rodwell, V. W. 1988, Biochemistry. 2 nd edition, Harper’s
Prentice Hall International.
Conn, E. E., Stumpt, P. K., 1994, Outlines of Biochemistry, 4 th Edition, Wiley Eastem Limited, new age
International Limited.
A. C. Dev, Fundamentals of Biochemistry.
S. Ignacimuthu S.J. 2005, Basic Bioinformatics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi
A.D. Baxevanis and B.F.F. 2002, Bioinformatics. A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins
Ouellette. Eds. John Wiley and Sons.
David W. Mount. 2004, Bioinformatics. Sequence and Genome Analysis 2nd Edition, CSHL Press,
Baxevanis and F. B. F 2001, Bioinformatics. A practical guide to the analysis of genes and proteins, 2 nd
Edition, A. Ouellette, John Wiley.
Jonathan Pevsner, Wiley-Liss, 2003.Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, 1 st Edition.
P. E. Bourne and H. Weissig, Wiley. 2003, Structural Bioinformatics.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Defination of recombinant DNA technology and DNA fingerprinting, fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology.
2. Enzymes used in molecular cloning.
3. Gene constructs and cloning vectors.
4. Gene library : Construction of DNA library. Screening of gene libraries screening by DNA hybridization immunological assay and protein activity.
5. Molecular biology of gene transfer systems of DNA fingerpriting.
6. DNA/RNA probe for different molecular biology techniques : Southern Blotting. Northern blotting: Western Blotting.
7. DNA sequencing methods, genetic maps and marker analysis.
8. Recombinant protein production in E. coli : Vectors for protein expression in E. coli Over expression of recombinant proteins; Metabolic load. Fusion proteins. Purification of fusion protein.
9. Gene targeting.
10. Monoclonal and polyclinic antibodies.
1. Introduction; Basic genetic principle.
2. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) minisatellite sequences.
3. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) minisatellite sequences.
4. Applications of DNA fingerprinting: Criminal investigation (Personal identification),
Immigration, Paternity dispute, Identification of missing children, bodies found in plane crash road accident etc, Parietal identification of plants.
5. Hybridization based DNA fingerprinting (RFLP): Radioactive method, Fluorescent method,
Chemiluminsescent method.
6. PCR-based DNA fingerprinting..
7. Single locus and multi-locus DNA fingerprinting
8. Polymorphism: Polymorphism of some genetic locus in relation to disease (HLA, APO and
ACE gene).
Book References:
Micklos, Davod A and Freyer. Greg A. 1990. DNA Science. Cold spring harbor Laboratory press and Carolina Biological Supply Company.
Rob Reed, David Holmes, Jonathan, Practical Skills in Bomolecular Sciences., Weyers and Allan
Jones. 1998, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd..
Williams and Fleming, 1980, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry.
Walker. 1987, Techniques in Molecular Biology.
Hamilton and Sewell. 1982, Introduction to HPLC.
Ausubel. 1995, Short Protocols in Molecular Biology.
Glick. BR. and Pastime. J. J. 1988, Molecular Biotechnology. ASM Press. USA.
Giver. D.M and Homes. B.D. 1995, DNA Cloning 1 and 2 IRL press USA.
Sam brook. J. Fritch. E.F. Mariachis. 1999, Molecular Cloning. A laboratory. Manual. Cold.
Watson. 1992, Recombinant DNA

sis
Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Hierarchic analysis of variance.
2. Fixed and random effect, biological basis of interaction.
3. Model fitting: Additive-dominance mode. Non-allelic interaction model.
4. Concept of combining ability and its analysis.
5. G × E interaction, stability and different models.
6. Plant Characters association: a) Simple and multiple correlation and regression analysis. b) Path coefficient analysis.
7. Discriminate function and construction of selection index.
8. Effective factors and its estimation.
9. Refreshes course for field layout designing and data analysis.
10. Analysis of problem data (Estimation of missing data and transformation of data)
Book References:
Robert G.D. Steil & James H. Torre Principles and Procedures of Statistics A Biometrical approach,
International student edition.
George. W. Snedecor, William G. Cochran. Ames. 1982, Statistical Methods, Tth edu, Lowa. U.S.A
Kenneth Mather. 1972, Statistical Analysis in Biology by: Chapman & Hall ,Science Paper back.
Stanton a. Glaubj. Biostatistics , 4 th ed, The McGraw Hill Inc.
Wayne W. Daniel. Biostatistics. A foundation for analysis in the welth science, John Wiley & Sons.
Inc.
W.G. Cochran & G. M. Cox. A Wiley 2 nd ed. intn ed.Experimental Designs.
K. A. Gomez. A. A. Gomez. 1976, Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research with emphasis on rice. The Inter. rice Reseech Inst.
Munor R. Spiegel Statistics, Schanms outline series. McGraw-Hill Book company.
Kwanchai A. Gomez. 1972, Techniques for field experiments with rice. The International rice research institute. Los Banos: Laguna. Philippines.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Environment and environmental pollution
2. Air Pollution and its Control Through Biotechnology
3. Global Water Distribution and Need for Its Management
4. Microbiology of Wastewater Treatment: Aerobic Processes
5. Microbiology of Wastewater Treatment: Anaerobic Processes
6. Treatment Schemes for Wastewaters
7. Microbiology of Degradation of Xenobiotics in Environment
8. Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils and Wasteland
9. Biopesticides in Integrated Pest Management
11. Solid Waste
12. Global Environmental Problems
1. Introduction to pharmaceutical products; Biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical biotechnology; History of the pharmaceutical industry; The age of biopharmaceuticals; current status and future prospects Biopharmaceuticals
2. The drug development process: The developmental Pipeline; The impact of genomics and related technologies upon drug discovery; Rational drug design; Combinatorial approaches to drug discovery; Pre-clinical trials: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; Toxicity studies; Reproductive toxicity and teratogenicity; Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and other tests; Clinical trials: Clinical trial design; Trial size and study population; Randomized control studies; Additional trial designs; The role and remit of regulatory authorities
3. The drug manufacturing process: Guides to good manufacturing practice
4. Manufacturing of some important pharmaceutical products:
(i) Insulin: Diabetes mellitus; The insulin molecule; The insulin receptor and signal transduction; Insulin production; Enzymatic conversion of porcine insulin; Production of human insulin by recombinant DNA technology; Formulation of insulin products;
Engineered insulins; Additional means of insulin administration; Treating diabetics with insulin-producing cells
(ii) Blood products and therapeutic enzymes
(iii) Monoclonal Antibodies
Book References:
Atlas RM and Bartha R. Microbial Ecology.
Klung and Reddy. Current prospects in microbial ecology.
R.Mitchell. Introduction to environmental Microbiology.
Glazer AN & Nikaido H. Microbial Biotechnology.
Wiley GB. Waste Water Microbiology, 2 nd edition.
Wise DL. Biotreatment systems: vol.2.
Pickup RW and Saunders IJR. Molecular approaches to Environmental Microbiology.
I. Foin. Ecological systems and the environment.
J.M. Lynch and Poole. Microbial ecology- A conceptual approach.
Raina Maier. et. al : Environmental Microbiology, Elsevier –2006.
Agrawal. 2008, Industrial Microbiology.
SS. Purohit. et al. 2004, Pharmaceutical Biology.
D.P. Singh et al. 2005, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Biswarup Mukherjee. 1996, Environmental Biology.
Metcalf Eddy. 1991, Third Edition, Wasdewater Engineering.
RN Tridevi. 1997, A text book of Environmental Science.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1. Sources, Types, Incidence and Behavior of Microorganisms in Food:
The Role and Significance of Microorganisms, Synopsis of Common Food-borne bacteria,
Synopsis of Genera of Molds Common to Foods, Synopsis of Genera of Yeasts Common to
Food.
2. Intrinsic and Extrinsic parameters of foods that affect microbial growth.
3. Determining Microorganisms and their Products in Foods:
Culture, Microscopic and sampling Methods, Conventional; SPC, Membrane Filters,
Microscope colony Counts, Agar droplets, Dry Films, Most Probable Numbers (MPN), dye reduction, Roll Tubes, Direct, Microscopic Count (DMC). Modern methods for rapid detection of microorganisms: (a) impedance, (b) DNA probes, (c) immunochemical techniques (ELISA etc,) and (d) fluorescence microscopy (DEFT) advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
Applications in detection of food poisoning bacteria.
4. Microbial spoilage of food:
Indicator and Food-borne Pathogens, Other Proven and Suspected Food-born Pathogens,
Psychrotrophs, Thermopiles and Radiation-resistant Microorganisms, Bacterial infections and intoxications. Incidence of bacterial food poisoning in the U.K. Salmonella food poisoning: poultry Processing, s. enteritidis. Campylobacter food poisoning: growth and physiology of C.
jejuni and C. Coli.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning.
5. Food preservation and microbial physiology:
Techniques of food preservation: heat, preservatives including acids, refrigeration and freezing, irradiation, smoking and curing. Response of bacteria to pH stress, Arguments for and against the use of irradiation as a method of food preservation. Definition and measurement of water activity (aw ).
Mechanisms of osmotolerance in microorganisms. Preservation by control of water activity. Nitrite in foods: sources, potential hazards and role of antioxidants.
6. Use of biotechnology in food production:
The role of biotechnology in the production of cheese, beer, yoghurt, sauerkraut and tenderised meat production, the production of novel genomes by the isolation of a desired gene from one species of organism, followed by its insertion usually into a different species of host organism.
7. Biosafety concerns of food:
The potential social, economic, ethical and environmental implications of biotechnology and genetic modification of foods and plants.
Book References:
C.J. Lever, Genome. Organization and Expression in Plants, plenum press.
D. Grierson & S.N. Covey Blackie, Plant Molecular biology, London.
R.A. Dixon & Gonzales. Plant Cell Culture, A Practical Approach, IRL Press.
K. Lindsey . 1991, Plant Tissue culture Manual. Kluwer Academic Publ. Dordrecht.
S-d. Kung and R. Wu (1993), Transgenic Plants Vol. 1 & 2 , Academic Press, San Diego.
S.S. Bhojwani. 1990, Plant Tissue Culture. Applications and Limitations. Elsevierm Amsterdam.
P.C. Debergh and R.H. Zimmerman.1990, Micropropagation. Kluwer Academic Publ.

Credit: 4 (Final examination 50 + Class attendance /Class assignment
/Tutorial 50) = Total marks 100
1 Industrial Microorganisms: Isolation, screening and strain improvement of industrially useful microorganisms. Culture preservation.
2. Fermentation Technology & Bioprocessing: Definition, objectives and scopes; characteristic and comparison of bioprocessing with chemical processing design of media, strategies for seed culture maintenance and build up for inoculation of large scale processes. Process engineering and instrumentation.
3. Alcoholic beverages: The brewing process; biochemical and microbiological aspects; importance of quality in malting. Comparison of brewing with the production of cider, wine and sake; industrial production of alcohol; applications of modern biotechnology to the traditional process.
4. Industrial enzymes: Microbial production of industrial enzymes-glucose isomerase, protease etc.
5. Biopolymers (Microbial hydrocolloids): Structure/function relationships in microbial polysaccharides; properties of xanthan, bacterial cellulose and hyaluronic acid. Applications of microbially-produced hydrocolloids (gums) in food and other industries including dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteroids.
Introduction to Bioplastics and PHAs.
6. Biofilms: Microbial activity in aqueous environments occured in solid-liquid of air-liquid interfaces. The nature and composition of biofilms. Development of Biofilm, beneficial applications in trickling bed filters, natural water purification and vinegar fermentation problems of bacterial biofilms in heat exchangers, aqueous fluid transport lines, dental surfaces etc, role of biofilms in the natural environment.
Book References:
M.Y. Young Comprenhensive Biotechnology Vol. 1-4. Eds., Pergamon Press.
T.D. Brock, 1990, Smaeur Associates, Biotechnology. A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology.
L.E. Casida. 1989, Industrial Microbiology , Willey Eastern Ltd.
Prescott & Dunn. 1987, Industrial Microbiology. CBS Publishers.
S O Enfors & L Hagstrom. 1992, Bioprocess Technology-fundamentals and applications, RIT, stockholm.
E.J .Dasilva, C . Ratledge & A sasson, Biotechnology, Economic & Social Aspects, Cambridge Univ.
Press, Cambridge.
W. Cruger and A. Crueger. Biotechnology- a hand book of industrial microbiology.
A. N. Glazer and H. Nikaids.Microbial Biotechnology.
A. H. Patel .
Industrial Microbiology
Smith.Industrial Microbiology