Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Vocabulary
Ambulatory – major innovation
ApseArcasde
Archivolt
Axial plan
Baptistery
Bay
Campanil
Cathedral
Clerestory
Embroidery
Jamb
Narthex
Portal
Reliquary
Rib vault
Tapestry
Transept
Triforium
Trumeau
Tympanum
Voussoir
Webpage that helphttp://www.pitt.edu/~medart/menuglossary/INDEX.HTM
Saint Sernin (aerial view)
Aerial view (looking northwest)
of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse,
France, ca. 1070–1120.
Pilgrimages were a major
economic catalyst for the art
and architecture of the
Romanesque period. The clergy
vied with one another to
provide magnificent settings for
the display of holy relics.
Increased traffic led to changes
in church design. “Pilgrimage
churches” have longer and
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
wider naves and aisles, as well
as transepts and ambulatories
with radiating chapeSaintSernin’s stone vaults helped
retard fire. The groin-vaulted
tribune galleries also
buttressed the nave’s barrel
vault whose transverse arches
continue the lines of the
compound piers.ls for viewing
relics. Spires are Gothic feature
added later.
Goin Vault- Interior of
Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy,
late 11th to early 12th century
Ribbed vaults
Bay – picture not in book but is
mentioned top part clerestory
Middle tiforium and bottom
arches
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Barrel vaults-Restored cutaway
view of the third abbey church
(Cluny III), Cluny, France, 10881130 (John Burge).
Cluny III was the largest church
in Europe for 500 years. It had a
500-foot-long, three-story
(arcade-tribune-clerestory)
nave, four aisles, radiating
chapels, and slightly pointed
stone barrel vaults.
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Saint-Sernin, c 1070-1120,
Toulouse, France
*Pilgrimage church
containing ambulatory
around transepts and apse
with radiating chapels for
relics
*Strip buttress on exterior
mark the internal structure of
the bays
*Transepts have both an
arcade and gallery
*Barrel-vaulted nave with
transverse rib and double side
aisles
*Square schematism: a
church plan in which the
crossing square is used as a
module for all parts of the
design- each nave bay is ½ the
crossing square and each aisle
bay is ¼ the crossing square
*Very dark interior due to the
lack of clerestory
12-6Plan of Saint–Sernin,
Toulouse, France, ca. 1070–
1120 (After Kenneth John
Conant)
Increased traffic led to changes
in church design. “Pilgrimage
churches” have longer and
wider naves and aisles, as well
as transepts and ambulatories
with radiating chapels for
viewing relics.
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Aerial view of Sant'Ambrogio
Figure 12-21 Aerial view of
Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy,
late 11th to early 12th century.
Interior of Sant'Ambrogio
Fig 12-22
Fig 12-30 west facade of Saintt
Etienne, Caen, France
Saint-Etienne, 1067 CE, Caen,
France
*Developed from the
westwork of the Carolingian
period
*Façade looks forward to
verticality of Gothic period
*Buttressing piers are
uniform
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
fig 12-31interior of Saint
Etienne, Caen, France
Durham Cathedral- picture not
in book- but important to work
Durham Cathedral fig 12-33
Durham Cathedral, c 1093 CE,
Durham, England
*First use of rib vaults which
help to lighten the load of the
roof
*Ribs built first with the space
between filled with smaller stone
*Each bay consists of piers and
column that support the weight
of the rib vault
*Crown of the ribs are the same
height of the transverse arch
*Indicative of English design the
nave is very long
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Durham Cathedral fig 12-34
Lateral section of Durham
Cathedral fig 12-33 right
Portal diagram fig 12-12
Cathedral complex, Pisa, Italy
Fig 12-26
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Cathedral complex, Pisa, Italy
not in book but of 12-26 area
Pisa Cathedral, 1063 CE, Pisa
Italy
*Complex includes a cathedral,
baptistery, and campanile
*Blind arcades and galleries
blind arches on the façade of
both the baptistery and cathedral
*Campanile repeats tiers of
circular colonnade over its height
*Wooden roof with a dome over
the crossing shows the influence
of Byzantine, Early Christian,
and Roman Art
*Exterior marble facing typical
of Romanesque architecture in
Tuscany
*Groin vaults over side aisles
*Inspired by classical
architecture in the use of arches,
columns, and capitals
*Transept is actually a second
basilica with apses intersecting
the nave at the crossing
St. Pierre, cloister fig 12-10 left
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Old Testament Prophet fig12-13 (Jeremiah or Isaiah?),
Right Side of the Trumeau of
the South Portal of SaintPierre, Moissac, France, ca.
1115–1130Unusually elongated
anatomical proportions, the
zigzagging of the folds in
drapery, the hand pushed
back on the body and figure
having a dance like posture
In fig- 12-11 top
Lions from trumeau of St. Pierre
at Moissac
Fig 12-28
Wilgelmo, creation and
temptations of adam and eve
Wiligelmo, Creation and
Temptation of Adam and Eve,
c 1110 CE, marble, Modena
Cathedral, Modena, Italy
Inscription: "Among sculptor,
your work shines forth,
Wiligelmo" illustrates the pride
the donors felt in having such a
significant artist work for them
*Inspired by Early Christian
sarcophagi
*Figures are in high relief and
dominate architectural settings
*Faithful enter the church with a
reminder of Original Sin
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
South portal of St. Pierre fig 1211
Gislebertus, Last Judgment,
1120-1135 CE, marble,
St. Lazare, Autun, France
*Scene of the Last Judgment:
Jesus at the second coming,
with those saved in his right
and those damned on his left
*To enter the church, people
walk through the door on the
right below the scene of
condemnation and exit under
the depiction of the saved
*Figures are depicted in
hierarchy of scale and have
linear, twisted, and writhing;
they have an emaciated
appearance
Autun Cathedral, The Last
Judgement
Gislebetus Last Judgment
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
12-19 Virgin and child in
Majesty or The Morgan
Madonna
Virgin and Child in
Majesty 1150-1200,
wood, Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New
York
*Mary appears as the
Throne of Wisdom,
holding Jesus on her lap
*Jesus appears with an
adult head on a small
body to show his great
wisdom
*Chambers in the back
of the two figures would
have held relics
*The sit emotionless and
erect
Wooden sculpture are
one time brilliantly
painted
12-14 Ascention of Christ at the
Pilgrimage church at Vezelay
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Initial R 12-16
Hildegard von Bingen’s vision
12-23
Hildegard von Bingen's
Vision, 1050-1079,
original destroyed,
*Bingen's divine visions
come from heaven and
pour down as flames
*She sits recording her
visions
*Her scribe Volmar
waits by her side
*Heavy black outline to
the forms with
expressive drapery that
indicate legs and arms
but nothing of the body
*Figures set in and
dominate an
architectural setting
Study Guide for Romanesque Chapt 11- Name___________________________________________
Moses expounding the law
12-35
Edwin the Scribe 12-36
12-37
Bayeux Tapestry, 1070-1080 CE,
embroidery, wool on linen,
Bayeux
Battle of Hastings, Bayeux
Tapestry
*Likely designed by man
and executed by women
*Commissioned by Bishop
Odo, half-brother of
William the Conqueror
*Tells the story of Williams
conquest of England at the
Battle of Hastings in 1066
*Fanciful beast in the
upper and power registers
230 feet long