Name:
Date:
Period:
Kingdom Eubacteria and Kingdom Protista
Remember the classification:
LIFE
PROKARYOTE –
NO Nucleus in cell
3 DOMAINS
ARCHAEA
EUKARYOTE –
HAS A Nucleus in cells
BACTERIA
EUKARYA
ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
(MONERANS)
ANIMALIA
6 KINGDOMS
PLANTAE
PROTISTS
FUNGI
We will be focusing this unit on the Kingdoms: Eubacteria and Protista
Archaebacteria: the oldest bacteria; found in extreme environments – hot springs, our intestines, bottom of
swamps, sewage
Eubacteria: do not live in extreme environments, but live everywhere else – on us and in our bodies, some are
autotrophs that float on water
I. Characteristics of Eubacteria
Characteristic
My definition
My drawing or
examples
Autotroph
Can make food through ________________________,
like a plant.
Heterotroph
Must get food from outside source. Can not complete
photosynthesis
Unicellular
Made up of _________ cell.
Prokaryote
Does not contain a ______________ in its cell.
II. Two types of Eubacteria
Types of Monerans:
My definitions:
Good bacteria helps make:
1) Bacteria
Bad bacteria can cause:
2) Blue green
algae
Can complete ________________________. We know it commonly as pond
scum.
III. Classification of Bacteria by their shape
Name (suffix)
Shape
My Drawing
Can be in chains:
-coccus
ROUND
Can be in pairs:
Can be in clumps:
-bacillus
ROD
-spirilla
SPIRAL
Write the scientific name of the following bacteria:

Underline the scientific name.
 Genus name is capitalized
 Species name is lower case
Rod
Round
Spiral
IV.
Organelles of a bacteria cell
Organelle
Function
My Drawing
(structure)
1. Capsule
Keeps the cell from drying out.
2. Cell Wall
Maintains the __________ of the
cell. Located just inside the
capsule
3. Ribosomes
7.
5.
Makes __________ for the cell.
1.
6.
4. DNA
Controls the cell – NO NUCLEUS
2.
3.
5. Cilia
6. Flagella
7. Cytoplasm
Hair-like structure for movement
and attachment
Whip-like tail for movement
Jelly-like inside of cell
(environment of the cell)
4.
V. Reproduction of Bacteria
1) Asexual Reproduction:
a. Reproduction of a living organism from only __________ parent.
2) Binary Fission:
a. Process of _________ organism dividing into _______ organisms.
VI.
Draw a picture of
Binary Fission below:
Antibiotics
1) Antibiotics:
a. Chemical substances used to _________ or slow the growth of bacteria.
b. Anti = _____________
c. Bio = ____________
2) What is wrong with overusing antibiotics? _____________________________
KINDOM PROTISTA
What is a protist?

Microscopic ______________organisms that contain a nucleus (_____________)
Characteristics of protists

Most of them are unicellular, and usually do not have a cell wall

Able to move

Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide through cell membrane (__________________)

React to changes in their environments – move to better environmental conditions

Can be Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
WORD BANK FOR THE CELL PARTS:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
8) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
9) Cytoplasm
10) Vacuole
Cell membrane – surround the cell and give it its’ __________.
Nucleus – control center of the cell.
Nuclear membrane – surrounds and protects the _______________.
Chromosomes – the DNA of the cell (information)
Ribosomes – make protein for the cell. (remember, DNA makes RNA, RNA moves out of the
nucleus and carries the message to the ribosomes)
Chloroplasts – ONLY found in PLANT cells or cells that complete PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Make
_____________ for the cell by completing photosynthesis.
Mitochondria - ______________ producers of the cell. This is where RESPIRATION occurs –
the cell takes in the food and breaks it down using oxygen, to release ENERGY!
Endoplasmic Reticulum – the proteins (and other small molecules) are transported by the ER to a
place for packaging (called the Golgi Bodies) to head out of the cell.
Cytoplasm – environment of the cell (jelly-like inside of cell)
Vacuole – many types of vacuoles are found in a cell, mostly used as storage…
a. food vacuoles hold food
b. waste vacuoles hold waste
c. contractile vacuoles excrete excess water from the cell
Cellular Processes:
Cell Transport - MOVEMENT
We talked about making proteins in the cell and nutrients needed, but how do we get them to other
areas of the body?
PASSIVE TRANSPORT: NO ENERGY
1. Diffusion
 Molecules of a substance _____________________________________________________
_________________ to reach an equilibrium.
**Small molecules such as food molecules, oxygen, and water diffuse into the cell (through the
selectively permeable membrane) and Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of the cell.
Example: If you spray perfume in the front of the room, the odor will spread to the rest of the
room.
Example: Oxygen (O2) moving into the cell and CO2 moving out of the cell
Draw a picture of diffusion:
2. Osmosis
 80 % of the cell is made up of water.

Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER into or out of the cell.


Why would it be important that a person not drink salt water? Why do plants have a large vacuole?
Draw a picture of Osmosis in action
ACTIVE TRANSPORT – ENERGY REQUIRED




Active transport __________________________ to “carry” a substance/mineral into that cell OR move
from a low concentration to a high concentration (across the gradient).
Carrier Proteins act like doors to allow molecules to enter and exit cell.
Used to carry minerals such as sodium, calcium, and potassium into the cell.
Used to eliminate substances out of the cell.
A. ENDOCYTOSIS: taking materials into the body by the cell membrane wrapping around
the particles
B. EXOCYTOSIS: releasing materials into the fluid outside of the cell
HOW DO CELLS GET ENERGY?
Through a process called Respiration which occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA.

TWO TYPES OF RESPIRATION:
i. AEROBIC – requires oxygen
1. GLUCOSE (C6H1206) + O2
CO2 + H2O + ATP (ENERGY)
ii. ANAEROBIC – does NOT require oxygen (FERMENTATION)
1. Products: CO2 + H2O + ATP (ENERGY)
Do plants and plant-like protists complete respiration? ____________
Where do plant-like protists get their food? ________________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS : CO2 + H20
SUNLIGHT
O2 + glucose (C6H1206)
Where, in the cell, does photosynthesis occur? __________________
Types of animal-like protozoans:
AMOEBA:
Move by using a _____________ or false foot. An extension of the cell membrane, allows it to eat and
move.
Label:
PARAMECIUM:
Move by using ___________ or tiny hairs.
Label:
CLASS: Sporozoan
All are Parasites that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host animals
Example: plasmodium
How does plasmodium work?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Infected mosquito bites human
Mosquito injects Plasmodium spp. into human
Plasmodium spp. travels to liver and reproduces
Moves into red blood cells and travels throughout body making human sick with high fevers
Types of Plant-Like protists
 Are __________, can make their own food because they contain _____________.
 Most live in the water – aquatic.
 Many algae are considered to be a protist
1. Euglenas:
Move by using a __________or whip-like tail. Variety of shapes, have a pouch that holds two flagella, a
reddish eyespot, and structures used in making food
Label:
2. Diatoms:
Enclosed in a two-part glassy shell, water-dwelling organisms, dead diatoms form diatomaceous Earth (coarse
powdery material)
Important ingredient in car wash and toothpaste
3. Dinoflagellates:
Contain cell walls that look like plates of armor, have two cell walls that propel them through the water, can
produce sparkles or glow in ocean waves
Label:
TYPES OF FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS
SLIME MOLDS: funguslike protists that resemble different organisms throughout their life span.
Resemble an amoeba, a fungus with spores and a flagellate.