What are the two basic categories of cells and
how do they differ?
Living cells are divided into two major classifications—prokaryotic and
eukaryotic. This division is based on internal complexity.
Eukaryotic: The cells of protozoa, higher plants and animals are highly
structures. The eukaryotes have a nucleus and comprise all plant and
animal cells. These cells tend to be larger than the cells of bacteria,
and have developed specialized packaging and transport mechanisms
that may be necessary to support their larger size.
Prokaryotic: These cells are simple in structure, with no recognizable
organelles. The prokaryotes lack a nucleus and include cells like
bacteria. They have an outer cell wall that gives them shape. Just
under the rigid cell wall is the more fluid cell membrane. The cytoplasm
enclosed within the cell membrane does not exhibit much structure.
ALL CELLS HAVE - - CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM, & DNA !!!
One major difference in cells occurs between plant cells and
animal cells. Plant cells have some additional specialized
structures. Many animals have skeletons to give their body
structure and support. Plants do not have a skeleton for
support because they have a unique cellular structure called
the cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure outside of the
cell membrane composed mainly of cellulose. The cell wall
gives the plant cell a defined shape which helps support
individual parts of plants. In addition to the cell wall, plant cells contain an organelle called the
chloroplast. The chloroplasts allow plants to harvest
energy from sunlight. Specialized pigments in the
chloroplast (including the common green pigment
chlorophyll) absorb sunlight and use this energy to
complete the chemical reaction. In this way, plant
cells manufacture glucose and other carbohydrates
that they can store for later use.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (from sunlight)
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Prokaryote: cell without a nucleus  Bacteria
Eukaryote: cell with a nucleus  Plant and Animal
Producer (Autotroph): an organism that makes its own food  Plants
Consumer (Heterotroph): cannot make its own food  Animals
CELL
NUCLEUS
CELL
CELL
TYPE
(P or E)
WALL (Y/N)
MEMBRANE (Y/N)
BACTERIA
PLANT
ANIMAL
ALL CELLS HAVE - - -
CELL MEMBRANE,
CYTOPLASM, & DNA !!!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/