Chapter 10
Section 1
Wkbk p.173 Reasons for European Immigration
 Looking for jobs
 To avoid forced military service
 To avoid religious persecution
Steerage – the cheapest and most basic accommodation on a ship
Ethnic Cities – areas of a bigger city where immigrants from the same
country live – if they lived in one of these they adjusted well
James Riis – pretended to be an immigrant to write a story of life in the
slums “How the Other Half Lives”
Wkbk #174 Many of the immigrants who went through Ellis Island in the late
1800s generally lived in cities into neighborhoods that were separated into
ethnic groups.
Wkbk 173 Reasons for Chinese Immigration
 Escape poverty and famine
 Escape the rebellion and fighting in China
 Jobs helping to build the transcontinental railroad
Wkbk P 175 #8 Chinese immigrants to the US generally worked as servants,
laborers, skilled trades and as merchants.
Chinese Immigrants


Go through Angel Island in California
o Often takes months to get through
Mainly settle in Western cities
Nativism – the preference for native-born people
 Wanted to limit immigration
o Feared the Catholics would take over and have too much
power
o Unions feared they would work for low wages and as
strikebreakers
o American Protective Association – anti-immigrant
organization
o Chinese Immigration Act – barred immigration from China
for 10 years and kept those here from becoming citizens
Wkbk 175 #9 Nativists feared immigration from Europe because they
thought too many Catholics would mean a take over of the government and
that immigrant workers would take less pay and or as strikebreakers.
Section 3 The Gilded Age
Individualism – belief that no matter the humble origins, one can rise in
society and go as far as talents and commitment will take them
 Horatio Alger – minister who wrote over 100 “rags to riches” novels
– poor man goes to the city and becomes rich
Henry Spencer – takes theory of Darwin’s of evolution to society
 Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest – society progresses
through competition and only the strongest will succeed or survive
Gospel of Wealth
 Andrew Carnegie comes up with this
 Idea that the rich owe philanthropy – using their fortune to help
others – to the poor
 He will push others to do this as well
Realism – idea of showing people in real life rather then romanticizing
things
 Twain – Huck Finn – life of poor and slaves
 Edith Wharton – Age of Innocence – showing what upper class
society in 1870s is really like
Popular Culture starts to change – people have more time and money for
leisure or fun
 Saloons increase – offer free lunches
 Amusements parks go up – Coney Island is built
 People start going to professional sports
o Pro Baseball Cincinnati Red Stockings – 1st pro baseball team
o Pro boxing comes about
 Vaudeville – adapted from French theater – a little bit of
everything animal acts, magicians, acrobats etc
 Ragtime – form of music that is fast paced like life in the city
Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
Naturalism – idea that people failed in life simply because they were caught
up in circumstances they could not control
The Social Gospel
 Reform movement


o Worked to make life in cities better based on ideas of the
bible of charity and justice
The Salvation Army came in 1878
o Offered practical aid and religious counseling to the urban
poor
The YMCA also founded
o Includes gyms, bible studies and low cost hotel rooms
The Settlement House Movement


Started by Jane Addams with Hull House in Chicago
Settlement houses - Established poor neighborhoods where
middle-class residents lived and helped the poor residents
o Provide hot meals for factory workers, recreation activities,
English Classes things to hopefully increase success
Spread of Education
 More schools are built to education the future population

Americanization of immigrant children – teaching them English,
how to be a good citizen and to have a strong work ethic
o Felt these things were necessary to help the nation grow and
succeed
Chapter 10
Section 1
In the 1890s more the half of all immigrants to the US were from Eastern
and Southern Europe.
Wkbk p#173 Reasons for European Immigration
 To find jobs
 Avoid forced military service
 Avoid religious persecution
Steerage – the most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship
Ethnic cities – areas of larger cities with neighborhoods that are made
largely up of an ethnic group – the immigrants that settle in this
neighborhoods tend to adjust easier to life in the US
Wkbk p#174 Many immigrants who came through Ellis Island in the late
1800s settled in larger cities in neighborhoods that were separated into
ethnic groups.
Jacob Riis – writer who documented life in these “slums” in his book How the
Other Half Lives
Wkbk p#173 Reasons for Chinese Immigration
 Escape the rebellion and fighting
 Escape famine and poverty

Fill jobs on the transcontinental railroad
Wkbk P 175 #8 Chinese immigrants to the US generally worked as servants,
laborers, skilled trades and as merchants.
Chinese Immigrants
 Go through Angel Island in California
 Often takes months to get through



Mainly settle in Western cities
Work as servants, on the railroad as laborers, merchants and skilled
trades people
Chinese Exclusion Act – limited immigration from China to the US
for 10 years and those that were here couldn’t be citizens
Nativism – the preference for native-born people
 Wanted to limit immigration
 Feared the Catholics would take over and have too much power
 Unions feared they would work for low wages and as strikebreakers


American Protective Association – anti-immigrant organization
Chinese Immigration Act – barred immigration from China for 10
years and kept those here from becoming citizens
Wkbk 175 #9 Nativists feared immigration from Europe because they
thought too many Catholics would mean a take over of the government and
that immigrant workers would take less pay and or as strikebreakers.
Section 3 The Gilded Age
Individualism – belief that no matter the humble origins, one can rise in
society and go as far as talents and commitment will take them
 Horatio Alger – minister leaves ministry and moves to New York
where he wrote over 100 “rags to riches” novels – poor man goes
to the city and becomes rich
Henry Spencer – takes theory of Darwin’s of evolution to society
 Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest – society progresses
through competition and only the strongest will succeed or survive
 Rockefeller is firm believer in this theory
Gospel of Wealth
 Andrew Carnegie comes up with this


Idea that the rich owe philanthropy – using their fortune to help
others – to the poor
He will push others to do this as well
Realism – idea of showing people in real life rather then romanticizing
things
 Twain – Huck Finn – life of poor and slaves
 Edith Wharton – Age of Innocence – showing what upper class
society in 1870s is really like
Popular Culture starts to change – people have more time and money for
leisure or fun
 Saloons increase – offer free lunches
 Amusements parks go up – Coney Island is built
 People start going to professional sports
o Pro Baseball Cincinnati Red Stockings – 1st pro baseball team
o Pro boxing comes about
 Vaudeville – adapted from French theater – a little bit of
everything animal acts, magicians, acrobats etc

Ragtime – form of music that is fast paced like life in the city
Section 4 The Rebirth of Reform
Naturalism – idea that people failed in life simply because they were caught
up in circumstances they could not control
The Social Gospel
 Reform movement
o Worked to make life in cities better based on ideas of
the bible of charity and justice
o The Salvation Army came in 1878
 Offered practical aid and religious counseling to
the urban poor
o The YMCA also founded
 Includes gyms, bible studies and low cost hotel
rooms
The Settlement House Movement
 Started by Jane Addams with Hull House in Chicago
o Settlement houses - Established poor
neighborhoods where middle-class residents lived
and helped the poor residents
 Provide hot meals for factory workers,
recreation activities, English Classes things to
hopefully increase success
Spread of Education
 More schools are built to education the future population
 Americanization of immigrant children – teaching them
English, how to be a good citizen and to have a strong
work ethic
o Felt these things were necessary to help the nation
grow
11/5/2012 9:27:00 AM