SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
1. The generation of receptor potentials in cochlear hair cells depends upon
(A) a rapidly inactivating K+ current
(B) an inward Na+ current
(C) a delayed outward Ca2+ current
(D) an inward K+ current
(E) an inward Ca2+ -dependent K+ current
2. Transection of the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve would
(A) affect taste sensations on the anterior part of the tongue
(B) produce degeneration of cells in the petrosal ganglion
(C) only affect the innervation of taste cells in the circumvallate papillae
(D) eliminate the ability to detect bitter substances
(E) eliminate direct projections to the parabrachial nuclei
3. Which nucleus exists only between spinal cord segments C8 and L3.
(A) nucleus proprius
(B) substantia gelatinosa
(C) dorsal nucleus of Clarke
(D) nucleus posteromarginalis
(E) intermediolateral nucleus
4. General visceral efferent (GVE) nuclei include
(A) dorsal motor nuclei of X
(B) hypoglossal nuclei
(C) branchiomeric motor nuclei
(D) mesencephalic nuclei of V
(E) solitary nuclei
5. Basal plate derivatives in the telencephalon include
(A) hypothalamus
(B) motor cortex
(C) basal ganglia
(D) sensory cortex
(E) none of the above
6. Hydranencephaly is associated with
(A) status thymolymphaticus
(B) cadmium
(C) Ashkenazi Jews
(D) toxoplasmosis
(E) holoprosencephaly
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7. Hydromyelia is an abnormal
(A) accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the gray matter of the spinal cord
(B) dilation of the central canal of the spinal cord
(C) protrusion of gray matter outside the skull
(D) arrangement of gray and white matter in the cord
(E) obstruction of the flow of CSF in the brain
8. The manifestation of hydrocephalus, posterior fossa cyst, as well complete or partial absence
of the vermis is consistent with a diagnosis of:
(A) Hirschsprungs disease
(B) Arnold Chiari malformation
(C) Klippel-Feil syndrome
(D) Dandy-Walker malformation
(E) none of the above
9. Dermatomes are
(A) skin areas innervated by individual mechanoreceptors
(B) individual points in a two point discrimination test
(C) receptive fields of individual cells in the primary somatosensory cortex
(D) skin areas innervated by individual dorsal roots
(E) raised areas of skin where groups of Merkel's disks are clustered
10. Slowly adapting mechanoreceptors
(A) include both pacinian corpuscles and Merkel's discs
(B) provide information about stimulus duration
(C) innervate area 1 of the primary somatosensory cortex
(D) are quite poor at discriminating fine surface details of objects
(E) transmit information via the neospinothalamic pathway
11. The somatosensory receptor neurons with the longest axons are
(A) sharp pain receptors
(B) slow, burning pain receptors
(C) fine touch receptors
(D) temperature receptors
(E) crude touch receptors
12. The lateral vestibular nucleus
A. plays an important role in the vestibulo-ocular reflex
B. has bilateral projections to the spinal cord
C. projects to the extraocular motor nuclei
D. mediates postural adjustments of the body to head tilts and movements
E. has no prominent role in decerebrate rigidity
13. Destruction of the anterior white commissure
(A) produces loss of pain and temperature sensation throughout the body below the lesion
(B) gives rise to the Brown-Sequard syndrome
(C) disrupts fine tactile discrimination throughout the body below the lesion
(D) typically produces a discoordination of gait (ataxia)
(E) has no effect on conscious proprioception of limb movement
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SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COMPLETION
14. The macula of the utricle
(A) contains a gelatinous cupula
(B) contains hair cells which are all aligned with the same axis of orientation
(C) senses linear acceleration of the head in the horizontal plane
(D) is aligned along the vertical plane
(E) is semicircular in structure
15. The most superior portion of the postcentral gyrus receives input which
passes through the
(A) spinal trigeminal nucleus
(B) principal trigeminal nucleus
(C) mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
(D) gracile nucleus
(E) cuneate nucleus
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. If only 4 is correct
E. if all are correct
16. An auditory nerve fiber with a characteristic frequency of 2 KHz
(1) responds only to sound frequencies between 1.5 and 2.5 KHz
(2) innervates hair cells at both the base and apex of the cochlea
(3) will respond to all frequencies over 100 decibels
(4) is most sensitive to a sound frequency of 2 KHz
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. If only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. If only 4 is correct
E. If all are correct
17. Afferent fibers in the auditory nerve exhibit
(1) different characteristic frequencies
(2) an increase in their discharge rate in response to an auditory stimulus
(3) adaptation
(4) intensity coding
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18. Hair cell stereocilia
(1) generate action potentials in hair cells when they bend
(2) bend when the basilar membrane is displaced near the base but not at the apex
(3) are attached to the spiral limbus
(4) bend when the tectorial membrane slides past the organ of corti
19. The lateral lemniscus contains
(1) third-order fibers from the superior olivary nucleus
(2) first-order fibers from the spiral ganglion
(3) second-order fibers from the ventral cochlear nucleus
(4) fourth-order fibers from the trapezoid body
20. Which of the following is/are characteristic of the tonotopic organization of the
auditory nerve?
(1) Labeled lines exist only for sound frequencies between 5 and 8 KHz
(2) Fibers that respond to both high and low frequencies are located in the central core
(3) High frequency acoustic stimuli activate large spherical cells
(4) Fibers responding to high frequencies tend to be located near the periphery
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. If only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. If only 4 is correct
E. If all are correct
21. The olfactory epithelium contains
(1) bipolar neurons
(2) supporting cells
(3) basal cells
(4) mitral cells
22. Primary olfactory receptors
(1) respond to only one primary odor
(2) support the generation of action potentials
(3) are inhibited by periglomerular cells
(4) exhibit depolarizing generator potentials
23. Spinal neurons classified as column cells are
(1) visceral efferent
(2) associate intersegmental
(3) somatic efferent
(4) central type
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24. Which ascending fibers do not decussate in the spinal cord?
(1) fasciculus gracilis
(2) dorsal spinocerebellar tract
(3) fasciculus cuneatus
(4) spinothalamic tract
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. If only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. If only 4 is correct
E. If all are correct
25. Axons which originate in Rexed lamina I (nucleus posteromarginalis) ascend in
(1) fasciculus cuneatus
(2) dorsal spinocerebellar tract
(3) fasciculus gracilis
(4) neospinothalamic tract
26. Nociceptive information is carried by
(1) gamma A fibers
(2) delta A fibers
(3) B fibers
(4) C fibers
27. Double pain sensation occurs because of two different
(1) neurotransmitters
(2) thresholds
(3) fiber types
(4) pain receptor types
28. Tracts that carry pain information include
(1) propriospinal
(2) mediallemniscus
(3) lateral spinothalamic
(4) dorsal spinocerebellar
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FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
If only 1 and 3 are correct
If only 2 and 4 are correct
If only 4 is correct
If all are correct
29. Evidence supporting the hypothesis that stimulation-produced analgesia is
mediated by opiate receptors includes
1) Development of cross-tolerance between opiate-produced analgesia and
stimulation-produced analgesia
2) Elimination of pain by bilateral lesions of the spinothalamic tract
3) Blockade of stimulation-produced analgesia by naloxone
4) Suppression of pain by stimulation of descending tracts.
30. The neural plate forms
(1) neural crest
(2) all of the adult spinal cord
(3) neurons of the central nervous system
(4) microglia
31. The dorsal column - medial lemniscal pathway
(1) makes its first synapse in the medulla
(2) crosses in the spinal cord
(3) innervates the ventral posterior lateral nucleus in the contralateral thalamus
(4) conducts action potentials more slowly than the anterolateral pathway
32. The principal sensory trigeminal nucleus
(1) is the cranial homolog of the spinothalamic system
(2) sends its axons ipsilaterally to the thalamus
(3) has slowly conducting, unmyelinated, small diameter axons
(4) receives input from neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. If only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. if only 4 Is correct
E. If all are correct
33. Somatotopic organization of somatosensory input occurs in the
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(1) cortex
(2) dorsal column - medial lemniscal pathway
(3) neospinothalamic pathway
(4) paleospinothalamic pathway
34. The somatotopic maps of the body surface which occur in the cortex
(1) are referred to as "homunculi"
(2) are distorted in their representation of the relative sizes of different body areas
(3) are innervated by different somatosensory modalities
(4) do not change in adult life
35. Vestibular receptor cells
1) release transmitter at rest
2) generate action potentials
3) are contacted by efferent axons from the central nervous system
4) have axons which project to Scarpa's ganglion
36. A constant nystagmus when the head is motionless
(1) may be induced by introduction of warm water into one ear
(2) is one of the components of Meniere's syndrome
(3) may indicate the presence of vestibular disease
(4) occurs normally if the visual field is constantly moving at a slow rate
FOR EACH OF THE NUMBERED ITEMS IN THIS SECTION, ONE OR MORE OF
THE NUMBERED OPTIONS IS CORRECT. ON THE ANSWER SHEET, FILL IN
THE CIRCLE CONTAINING
A. If only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. If only 1 and 3 are correct
C. If only 2 and 4 are correct
D. If only 4 is correct
E. If all are correct
39. Scarpa`s ganglion
1) contains the cell bodies of receptor neurons of the vestibular system
2) sends axons to the vestibular nuclei
3) lies within the cochlea
4) contains the first cells in the vestibular pathway which generate action
potentials
38. The vestibulo-ocular reflex
(1) is mediated by a three-neuron circuit
(2) can be voluntarily suppressed
(3) can be modified over time by visual input
(4) occurs in total darkness
-7-
Neuro #2 practical
spiral ganglion cells VPL
nucleus solitarus paleospinothalamics
central tegmental tract mesencephalic trig. nucleus
dorsal cochlear nucleus
superior olivary complex
lateral lemniscus
brachium of the inf. colliculus
auditory
vpm
both
cerebellum
ipselateral loss of fine touch
nucleus proprius
spinal trig. tract
vpl
viceral sensory from CN Ix and X
loss of pain temp and diff use touch
dorsal nucleus of Clark
substantia gelatinosa
ant. median fissure
fumbar
lissauer's tract
preganglionic sympathetics in the lateral horn
ant. white commisure
loss of hearing
post. lateral sulcus
gracile nucleus
medial vestibular nucleus
medial longitudinal fasiculas (MLF)
VPI
abducens nucleus
cupula
otolithic membrane
medial lemniscus
main trig. nucleus
spinothalamic tract
reticular formation
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ANSWERS:
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. E
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. D
13. E
14. C
15. D
16. D
17. E
18. D
19. B
20. D
21. A
22. C
23. C
24. A
25. D
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. E
30. B
31. B
32. D
33. A
34. A
35. B
36. E
37. C
38. E
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