Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 1
EXAM FOCUS:
1. GRAMMAR – stress: chh. 43-52. Go through the checklist below when reviewing.
2. CULTURE: from the reports and the book.
3. TRANSLATION – either open book or multiple choice
 Put especial emphasis on these chapters (39-52). The culture sections are marked below
with an earth icon ().
Chapter 39:
 Indirect Questions (page 143)
 The use of the periphrastic future
subjunctive in an indirect question (page
143)
 The Perfect Active Subjunctive (page
143)
 The use of num to introduce an indirect
question (page 143)
 Double questions introduced by (1)
utrum…an, (2) utrum…necne (page 144)
 Sequence of Tenses for indirect
questions explained (page 144)
 Miscellanea: Latin Phrases in common
use today (page 145)
 The confiscations (page 39)
Chapter 40:
 Ablative with verbs utor and fruor
(page 146)
 Ablative of Comparison (page 146) –
what is the joke about the Abl. of
comparison?
 Ablative of measure of difference (aka –
Abl. of degree of difference (page 146)
 Ablative of Price (page 146)
 Genitive of Value (page 146)
 Ablative of Origin (page 146)
 Chart of the subjunctives for the
irregular verbs: esse, posse, velle, malle,
nolle, ferre, and ire (see chart on page 147)
 Semi-Deponent Verbs (page 147)
 The verb fio, fieri, factus sum: its
meaning and frequent use as passive of
facere (page 147)
 Adverbs expressing Place or Motion
(see chart on page 148)
 Latin Poetry (page 46)
Chapter 41:
 Indirect Statement!!! Accusative +
infinitive (page 148-150)
 All forms of the infinitives per
conjugation (see list on page 149)
 Alternate future infinitive of sum: fore
= futūrus/a/um esse (page 149 & 164)
 Note the infinitives of deponent verbs
and, as always, their passive forms, but
active meanings (page 149)
 Verbs which introduce indirect
statement, e.g., “Verbs of the Head” (page
149)
 The use of the reflexive pronoun and
reflexive possessive adjective in I.S. (page
149)
 Agreement of the participle with the
accusative subject in I.S. (page 150)
 Translation examples of I.S., when main
verb is past!!! (page 150)
 Adjectives formed from the endings (1)
–ilis, (2) –bilis (page 151)
 Horace (page 52)
Chapter 42:
 No new grammar, because of the
humungous importance of indirect
statement in Ch. 41
 Adjectives ending is –ax, -ācis denoting
a tendency or habit (page 153)
 Books (page 57)
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Chapter 43:
 RESULT CLAUSES (aka consecutive
clauses) – ut / ut + negative word (page
153)
 Trigger Words listed on page 153: tam,
tantus/a/um, tot, totiens, ita, adeo, sic
 Sequence of tenses is not necessarily
followed in result clauses (page 154)
 The perfect subjunctive is used to stress
the actuality of the event (page 154)
 Inscriptions (page 154-155)
 Maecenas (page 62)
Chapter 44:
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (page
155), notes: protasis = if clause; apodosis =
conclusion
 1. Present Simple/General/Open
conditions (page 155)
 1. Past Simple/General/Open conditions
(page 155)
 2. Present Contrary To Fact conditions
(page 156)
 2. Past Contrary To Fact conditions
(page 156)
 The imperfect subjunctive (“would
verb”) is used to refer to present time; the
pluperfect subjunctive (“would have
verbed”) is used to refer to past time (page
156)
 3.a. Future More Vivid conditions (page
156)
 3.a. Future More Vivid conditions with
emphatic protasis (page 156)
 3.b. Future Less Vivid conditions (page
156) – aka “should-would” clauses
 Note words ending in –cumque
denoting indefiniteness (page 157)
 Travel (page 68)
Chapter 45:
 INDEPENDENT SUBJUNCTIVES (page
158)
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 2
 1. Jussive/Hortatory Subjunctives…
“Let…” (page 158) – for negative, use ne
 2. Deliberative Questions (page 158)
 use of utrum…an in double questions
(page 158)
 3. Optative Subjunctive – utinam +
present subjunctive (subsequent), or
imperfect subjunctive (present contrary to
fact), or pluperfect subjunctive (past
contrary to fact)…for the negative, use ne
(page 158)
 4. Potential subjunctive with velim,
ausim, nolim (page 159)…the negative is
non
 Two doctors – funerary inscriptions
(page 160)
 Patrons and Clients (page 75)
Chapter 46:
 Review Chapter – remember we
translated 46.3?
 Prepositions/Adverbs turned into
comparatives and superlatives (page 161)
 Houses (page 81)
Chapter 47:
 USES OF CUM – CUM CLAUSES (page
161-2)
 1. Conjunction cum means “when”
most often (page 161)
 1. a. If the cum clause follows the main
clause, the indicative is used (page 162)
 1.b. If cum means “whenever”, then the
indicative is used (page 162)
 2. Primary Sequence: cum means
“when” with a present or future idea, the
indicative is used (page 162)
 3. When conjunction cum means
“since,” the subjunctive is always used
(page 162)
 4. When conjunction cum means
“athough,” the subjunctive is always used,
and tamen (but still, even so) is usually
found in the main clause (page 162)
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
 USES OF DUM – DUM CLAUSES (page
163)
 1. Most commonly, dum means “while”
and is followed by a present indicative
(page 163)
 1.a. But, if the action of the dum clause
goes on throughout the action of the main
clause, the imperfect is used (page 163)
 2. dum can mean “until” and is usually
followed by the indicative (page 163)
 2.a. If the dum clause expresses
purpose, it takes the subjunctive (page
163)
 The CONNECTING RELATIVE (page
163-4)
 P.S. 1.: Shortened 3rd person plural
perfect, where –ērunt is shortened to –ēre
(page 164)
 P.S. 2.: Alternate Verb forms, where a –
v- or –vi- is omitted (page 164)
 P.S. 3.: Alternate future infinitive of
sum: fore = futūrus/a/um esse (page 149
and 164)
 P.S. 4.: Alternate forms of the
imperative (page 164)
 P.S. 5.: Alternate 2nd person singular,
from –ris  -re (page 164)
 P.S. 6.: (1) Alternate ablative singular
for –i-stem nouns: -ī; (2) Alternate
accusative plural for –i-stem nouns: -īs
(page 164)
 Divorce (page 87)
Chapter 48:
 Clauses of Fearing (page 165) –1.
introduced by nē
 2. negative feat clauses use nē+ a
negative, e.g., nōn or numquam (page 165)
 3. If there is no change in subject, use
an infinitive and not a nē-clause (page
165)
 NB 1: the use of the reflexives – sē and
suus/a/um in fear clauses (page 165)
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 3
 NB 2: the translation of perfect
participles of deponent verbs (page 165)
 Inscription on a triumphal arch (page
166)
 Cleopatra (page 92)
Chapter 49:
I. IMPERSONAL VERBS (page 167)
 To translate most impersonal verbs, use
“it” to translate into English. Ex.: ningit =
it is snowing
 Many Latin impersonal verbs are not
used impersonally in English: me oportet =
I ought
 most commonly govern the accusative
or dative case of the person. mihi licet = I
may
 impersonal verbs often take a
complementary infinitive.
II. Intransitive verbs in the passive (page
168)
 Intransitive verbs must be used
impersonally in the passive
 Verbs of motion in the passive
impersonal  you must supply a subject
from the context
 Verbs which take the dative are used
impersonally in the passive: mihi
persuadetur = I am persuaded.
 P.S. The genders of 3rd Declension
nouns (page 169)
 Caesar Augustus (page 97)
Chapter 50:
 GERUNDS (page 169-170)
 Gerunds decline like 2nd Declension
neuter nouns, only in the singular (page
169)
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
 If the gerund is the subject or direct
object, the infinitive is used instead of an –
nd- form.
 Use of the gerund with ad to show
purpose (page 170)
 Use of the gerund in the genitive case
preceding causā to show purpose (page
170)
 The gerund in the ablative case usually
expresses cause or means (page 170)
 NB 1: The gerund of eo is ire, eundi,
eundo, eundum, eundo (page 170)
 NB 2: Be sure to distinguish between
the English gerund and the present
participle, which both end in “-ing” in
English (page 170)
 P.S. Funerary Inscription for a Vestal
Virgin, and one for a British lady (page
171)
 Vixi puellis (page 102)
Chapter 51:
 GERUNDIVES (page 172) – which
decline like any –us, -a, -um adjective
 Gerundives are more commonly used,
instead of a gerund when the there is an
object – keep in mind the case needed 1st,
then gender and number of the noun (page
172)
 Use of the gerundive with ad to show
purpose (page 172)
 Use of the gerundive in the genitive
case preceding causā to show purpose (p.
172, sentence # 2)
 The gerundive in the ablative case
usually expresses cause or means (p. 172,
sentence # 7)
 NB 1: The gerundive of deponent verbs
is translated passively. (page 172)
 P.S. Two epigrams (page 173)
 The Roman Empire (page 107)
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 4
Chapter 52:
 GERUNDIVES of Obligation – aka the
“passive periphrastic” (page 174)
 Gerundives with the helping verb
(form of sum, esse) show necessity,
obligation (p. 174)
 The Dative of Agent with gerundives of
obligation (page 174)
 The gerundive of intransitive verbs is
often used impersonally (page 174)
 The gerundive showing purpose as the
object of curo, mitto & do (page 174)
 P.S. Memorabilia – famous lines from
Vergil (page 175)
 Some glimpses of Augustus (page 114)
Chapter 53:
 The Double Dative
 Predicative Dative (aka, Dative of
Purpose)
 Expressions that take the Double Dative
 Relative Clauses of Purpose (subjunctive)
 quō Purpose Clauses (with a comparative
adjective or adverb)
 The town mouse and the country
mouse (page 120)
Chapter 54:
 Summary of the Uses of ut
 ut + indicative (“as”, “when”, “since”)
 ut + subjunctive:
a.  in purpose clauses (see ch. 34)
b.  in indirect commands (see ch. 35)
c.  in result clauses (see ch. 43)
 other uses of ut not in this book (see
grammar cards)
 Death (page 125)
Reference Grammar:
 Forms for Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs,
Numerals, Pronouns (page 191-196)
 Forms for regular verbs (page 197- 201)
 Forms for deponent verbs (page 201) –
but also review the passive forms
 Forms for irregular verbs (page 201202)
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
 Principal Parts for verbs (page 203-206)
 Forms for Prepositions (page 207)
 Forms for Conjunctions (page 207)
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 5
 I have completely reviewed vocabulary,
especially for chapters 39-54.
Fill out a verb synopsis for one of the following deponent verbs in the 3rd person PLURAL,
feminine. Choose one for which you remember the meaning AND you may (carefully) bucket
only the English translations:
a. fruor, fruī, frūctus sum
(3rd conjugation)
b. cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1st conjugation)
c. lābor, lābī, lāpsus sum
(3rd conjugation)
INDICATIVE
PRESENT
INDICATIVE
IMPERFECT
INDICATIVE
FUTURE
INDICATIVE
PERFECT
INDICATIVE
PLUPERFECT
INDICATIVE
LATIN FORMS
OR
OR
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
FUTURE PERF.
INDICATIVE
Present Active
PARTICIPLE
Perfect
PARTICIPLE
Future Active**
PARTICIPLE
Future Passive
Participle
TENSE/VOICE LATIN FORMS
Present
INFINITIVE
Perfect
INFINITIVE
Future**
INFINITIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE LATIN FORMS
PRESENT
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERFECT
SUBJUNCTIVE
PERFECT**
SUBJUNCTIVE
PLUPERFECT**
SUBJUNCTIVE
IMPERATIVES
SINGULAR IMPERATIVE
PLURAL IMPERATIVE
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
ENGLISH TRANSLATION2
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 6
MATCHING
Match the meaning to the verb by putting a letter in the left hand column.
secūtus/a/um
a. about to follow
sequēbātur
b. by doing
sequerentur
c. they will follow
sequāmur
d. they had followed (subjunctive)
sequēns, sequentis
e. they might follow (imperf. Subj.)
hīs actīs
f. following (present active participle)
secūtī eritis
g. having followed, following (perfect participle)
sequuntur
h. must be done
sequere
i. the girls must follow
secūtī essent
j. let us follow
sequentur
k. you all will have followed
secūtūrus/a/um
l. we followed
sequantur
m. do, drive! (plural), come on!
secūtī sumus
n. with these things (having been) done
secūta erat
o. let them drive the cows to the forum/market.
puellīs secundum est
p. she had followed
agendus, a, um
q. Follow!
agendō
r. let them follow
agite
s. they are following
agant vaccās ad forum.
t. she was following
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 7
Synopsis of a Normal Verb with 4 principal parts
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses,
moods, etc. ↓
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect Passive
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Future Passive
Participle =
Gerundive
Person:
LATIN ACTIVE FORMS
Number:
Gender:
LATIN PASSIVE FORMS
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 8
Synopsis of a Deponent Verb with Translations
1. Principal parts + meaning:
Conjugation #:
tenses,
moods, etc. ↓
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Gerundive –
Translate
Passively
Person:
LATIN FORMS
Number:
Gender:
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 9
Synopsis of a Normal Verb with 4 principal parts
1. Principal parts + meaning:
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstus/a/um = to feed
rd
Conjugation #: 3
Person: 3rd
Number: Singular
Gender: Masc
tenses, moods, etc.
LATIN ACTIVE FORMS
LATIN PASSIVE FORMS
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect Passive
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Future Passive Participle =
Gerundive
Latin 3 H –Woo-Hoo!
Dr. McGay
Nōmen
Final Review Checklist, page 10
2. Principal parts + meaning: hortor, hortārī, hortātus/a/um sum = to encourage, urge
Conjugation #: 1st Deponent
Person: 2nd
Number: Plural
Gender: Fem
LATIN FORMS
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Present
Indicative
Present
Subjunctive
Imperfect
Indicative
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Future
Indicative
Perfect
Indicative
Perfect
Subjunctive
Pluperfect
Indicative
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Future Perfect
Indicative
Present
Infinitive
Present Command
Imperative Singular
Present Command
Imperative Plural
Present Active
Participle
Perfect
Infinitive
Perfect
Participle
Future Active
Participle
Future Active
Infinitive
Gerundive