University of Nottingham
School of History
2010-11
Full Year
Level One (20 Credits)
INTRODUCTIO
N TO THE
MEDIEVAL
WORLD, 500-1500
V11219
LIST OF CONTENTS
Welcome
Teaching staff and how to contact us
Aims and Learning Outcomes
Teaching methods and module structure
Assessment methods
Lecture and seminar programme
Finding reading and primary sources
Bibliography
Buying books for this module
How to read for seminars, lectures, essays and exam
Abbreviations
Reading by seminar topic
Reference works
Essay questions
Guidance on how to prepare for essays and the examination
2
2-3
3
4
5
6-7
8-9
8
9-10
10
11-27
27-28
28-30
30-32
WELCOME
Most history students, when applying to university, say they want to widen their
knowledge of the past. As a School we take you at your word, teaching history from AD
500 onwards. This module introduces you to Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1500), a
period in which Nottingham University has a distinguished tradition, built up by Jim
Holt, Donald Bullough, Robert Markus, Bernard Hamilton and Michael Jones, and
continued, we hope, by ourselves. The period covered by the module runs from the end
of the Roman Empire in the west to the Renaissance. The legacy of this period is still
with us: disputed notions of what constitutes European ‘unity’; profound divisions
between West and East (and North and South); clashes between Christian and nonChristian cultures, especially Judaism and Islam. The module will introduce you to
current historical debates and to a range of primary sources, in English translation, which
will allow you to test your existing critical skills on unfamiliar and challenging material; in
this respect it links effectively with the Learning History module. We hope that you will
enjoy learning about this distant but formative period of European history, highly
relevant to many of the dramatic changes taking place in Europe and the wider world
today. If you do, remember that you can continue to study it throughout your time here.
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TEACHING STAFF AND HOW TO CONTACT US
The module is taught by Dr Gwilym Dodd (Convenor), Dr Rob Lutton, Dr Julia Barrow,
Dr Claire Taylor and Dr Richard Goddard who are based full-time in the School of
History and who give most of the lectures.
Our seminar tutors are, Dr Morn Capper, Alan Kissane, Dr Anna Rich Abad, Dr Peter
Russell, Matt Ward and Marianne Wilson. You should ask the tutor who takes you for
seminars if you have any questions about the module. Make sure you know their
email address and office hours: you will find these posted on the staff notice board in the
corridor next to the student pigeonholes.
If you have an urgent question contact the module convenor. Please give us plenty of
time to respond to emails, and note that you must use your University Groupwise
account. This is a university guideline, to help stop the spread of viruses. Staff reserve the
right not to read your email otherwise.
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AIMS AND LEARNING OUTCOMES
The module bridges the gap between school/college history, where this period is rarely
studied in depth, and work at university level, where this subject has proved one of the
most dynamic in recent years.
It is arranged around five ‘big’ historical themes: politics, approaches to evidence,
social history, economic history and cultural developments. You will be dealing
with similar themes in other first year history modules. The themes are studied in lectures
and seminars, but you must back these up with a great deal of further reading of your
own.
You will find out why historians research this distant time period, the controversies
they are involved in and what the wider relevance of their research is.
You will read some first hand evidence from the period in English translation, to help
you make up your own mind about the debates.
This module intersects with the Year One module Learning History, which will help
you with writing (essay, exam) and speaking skills (seminars and presentations). You will
develop your skills as a member of a team: in seminars, work together with your classmates while discussing issues, and make sure that you contribute to discussion. Again,
put into practice what you learn on Learning History. It also provides useful preparation
for Year Two modules in medieval history.
The module requires some (very basic) use of IT: essays must be word-processed; you
must be able to use the UNLOC library catalogue and its electronic gateway; you
should be able to use email to contact your tutor; you should be able to make use of
materials on the Web (note: these should be sites attributed to named authors and
providing references to sources).
TEACHING METHODS AND MODULE
STRUCTURE
i. LECTURES Each of the five ‘big’ themes is introduced in lectures, which last about
fifty minutes, beginning on the hour and ending at ten minutes to the hour. These are
targeted at newcomers to the subject. Lectures will be given by Dr Barrow, Dr Dodd, Dr
Goddard, Dr Lutton, and Dr Taylor. You are expected to attend lectures, as they
form the backbone of the module. We certainly expect to see all of you at the first
lecture, at which the module will be introduced.
ii. SEMINARS. Each theme is studied in more depth in seminars. Each student attends
10 fortnightly seminars, each lasting one hour and run by one of the tutors.
Attendance at these is compulsory (see Notes for Guidance, and see also below under
Assessment Methods for further information). Seminar classes consist of about 12/15
students each and are informal discussions. The first seminar will be an introductory
meeting and the remainder will address aspects of the five ‘big’ themes in greater detail.
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The times and places of seminars will be posted on the Year One noticeboard. You
MAY NOT change seminar groups without the permission of the convenor.
NB. The School of History does not tolerate mobile phones being used for calls
or texting during lectures or seminars. You will find that lecturers and tutors react
very strongly indeed to any lack of consideration on the part of students for the
learning and teaching of others.
iii. PERSONAL CONSULTATION. You may wish to ask advice about your choice
of essay title, how to plan your essay, or what reading to do for it. If so, contact your
seminar tutor in their office hours or by email if you prefer.
iv. PERSONAL STUDY. Your own reading is crucial to success in this as in other
modules. For your written work you will be left far more to your own devices than you
have been hitherto. This is part of making you more responsible for your own learning
and more confident with it (the principles of ‘active learning’ introduced to you on the
Learning History module). You are expected to spend about FIVE hours a week
reading to support lecture notes and to prepare for seminars and essays on this
module.
IMPORTANT NOTE
This module is supported by a WebCT site, accessible via the Intranet Portal, which
contains additional reading for lectures and essays, lecture handouts and other resources.
It is essential that you make regular use of this.
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ASSESSMENT METHODS
Two ESSAYS, each 2000 words in length, together accounting for 50% of the overall
module mark. You may choose any two of the essay questions in this handbook. See the
section at the end of the handbook about how to prepare for essays.
One EXAMINATION, lasting TWO hours and requiring you to attempt TWO essay
questions and ONE gobbet exercise, accounting for 40% of the overall module mark.
The examination will take place in May/June. See the section at the end of the handbook
about how to prepare for the examination.
SEMINAR PERFORMANCE, accounting for 10% of the overall module mark. The
10% will be split into two distinct categories: 5% for performance and 5% for attendance.
To achieve full marks for performance, students must prepare effectively for classes,
make excellent and constructive contributions and must give an excellent presentation.
The expectation is that each student should give at least one presentation at some
point in the module. On attendance, either 5% or 0% will be awarded depending on
whether attendance is deemed to be satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Students will be
allowed a maximum of TWO absences for the whole module before their attendance is
deemed unsatisfactory. All absences should be explained by email to the tutor within 24
hours of the missed seminar. If students wish to claim Extenuating Circumstances
for any absences after the first two absences they must do so with documented
evidence, to be supplied to the Year One Examinations Officer: see Notes for
Guidance for advice about claiming Extenuating Circumstances.
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LECTURE AND SEMINAR PROGRAMME
Lecture One – Introduction (RMG, RL, CT, GD)
Lecture Two – Early Medieval Kingdoms (CT)
Seminar One: Introductory seminar (relates to Lecture One);
Lecture Three – Carolingians, Vikings and Ottonians (c.800-c.1000) (JSB)
Lecture Four – Law and war: kings and lords c.1000-1215 (JSB)
Seminar Two:
EITHER Gregory of Tours, Clovis and Early Frankish Kingship (relates to Lecture
Two)
OR Carolingian Politics (relates to Lecture Three);
Lecture Five – Families and Households 500-1500 (JSB)
Lecture Six – Economy I (500-1200) (RMG)
Seminar Three:
EITHER Anglo-Saxon Families (relates to Lecture Five)
OR Vikings and Slaves (relates to Lecture Three and to Lecture Six);
Lecture Seven – Religious Life and Authority 500-1200 (JSB)
Directed Studies Week 15-19 Nov
Lecture Eight – Learning and Writing about the Middle Ages (RL)
Seminar Four:
EITHER Saints’ Cults (relates to Lecture Seven)
OR Abelard and Heloise (relates to Lecture Seven and Lecture Five);
Lecture Nine – Crusades (CT)
Lecture Ten – Medievalism (RL)
Seminar Five:
EITHER Crusaders and their Motives in the First Crusade (links to Lecture Nine)
OR The Fourth Crusade: the Sack of Constantinople (links to Lecture Nine);
Christmas Vacation
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LECTURE AND SEMINAR PROGRAMME CONTINUED
Lecture Eleven – Kingship and Monarchy (GD)
Lecture Twelve – The Later Medieval Church (RL)
Seminar Six:
EITHER Crisis of Authority: Magna Carta (links to Lecture Eleven)
OR Crisis of Authority: Late Medieval Kingship (links to Lecture Eleven);
Lecture Thirteen – The Hundred Years War (GD)
Lecture Fourteen – The Black Death (RMG)
Seminar Seven:
EITHER The Hundred Years War (links to Lecture Thirteen)
OR Chivalry and Medieval Warfare (links to Lecture Thirteen);
Lecture Fifteen – Economy II (1200-1500) (RMG)
Lecture Sixteen – Popular Religion, Heresy and Anti-Clericalism (CT)
Seminar Eight:
EITHER The Impact of the Black Death (relates to Lectures Fourteen and Fifteen)
OR Xenophobia: the Black Death and Intolerance (relates to Lectures Fourteen and
Fifteen);
Lecture Seventeen – The Development of the State (GD)
Lecture Eighteen – Popular Rebellion (RL, RMG GD)
Seminar Nine:
EITHER Anticlericalism and the Lollards (relates to Lectures Sixteen and Seventeen)
OR Popular Rebellion (on one of three case studies: the Jacquerie, the Ciompi or
the Peasants’ Revolt) (relates to Lecture Eighteen);
Lecture Nineteen – Medieval Evidence (500-1500) (JSB, RMG, RL, CT &
GD)
No lecture
Seminar Ten:
The Variety of Sources (relates to Lecture Nineteen);
Easter Vacation 4 April – 1 May
FINDING READING AND PRIMARY SOURCES
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Electronic learning resources: using the Web and e-journals (necessary for ALL
students on this module)
There is a WebCT site for this module, accessible via the Intranet
Portal. It has copies of lecture handouts and other useful information
including general and further reading for lectures, seminars and
essays. It is essential that you make regular use of this site.
Your main information resources are the UNIVERSITY LIBRARY and the
UNIVERSITY INTRANET PORTAL.
On the first page of the website you will see:
LIBRARY ONLINE CATALOGUE – for printed books and journals, but also direct
links to e-journals and e-books.
eLibrary Gateway (for ELECTRONIC JOURNALS – where you will find journal
articles available to be read or downloaded over the Web) and
SUBJECT RESOURCES – links to useful websites.
For this module, the key SEMINAR READING will be accessible electronically as:
ARTICLES FROM VARIOUS ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
(e.g. Early Medieval Europe, History, Past and Present)
Some of the journal titles are abbreviated in this handbook: see the list of abbreviations
below. These journals are also available in hard copy – but only one copy and so you will
have to use on-line resources.
Select ‘Intranet Portal’ from the University web site > Log in with your username and
password > Click the library tab > Search: Journal titles > enter the full name of the
journal > on the results page click on the electronic version. You will be presented with a
choice of systems (e.g. Swetswise, Ingenta, JStor) through which access to the journal is
possible.
SCANNED CHAPTERS FROM BOOKS
In some cases chapters from books have been scanned and can be accessed on-line from
the on-line version of this reading list. These chapters are identified ‘(scanned
chapter/article*)’ in the bibliography below. Select ‘Intranet Portal’ from the University
web site > Log in with your username and password > Click the library tab > select
‘Reading Lists’ > search by module code (V11219) or name (Introduction to the
Medieval World).
KEY PRIMARY SOURCES IN TRANSLATION – accessible via the SUBJECT
RESOURCES pages:
Select ‘Intranet Portal’ from the University web site > Log in with your username and
password > Click the library tab > Click on: Launch eLibrary Gateway> enter university
user name and password> Browse by subject category: select ‘Arts and
Humanities’>select ‘Medieval Studies’ > then scroll for the appropriate link – either
Medieval Sourcesonline (also accessible as http://www.medievalsources.co.uk or the
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Internet Medieval Sourcebook (which is also accessible via Medieval Sourcesonline
and at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html ).
Also useful is the website HISTORY COMPASS, set up by Blackwell Wiley publishers.
Here you will be able to read about new developments in all areas of history:
http://www.history-compass.com
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BUYING BOOKS FOR THIS MODULE
You may find it useful to have two or three of the following books on your desk:
remember around 250 students may be after the library copies! The first two items are
overviews of the whole period of the module; thereafter the books listed cover shorter
periods. The final two items cover the later middle ages, which we will be dealing with in
the New Year.
G. Holmes, The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe (Oxford, 1988, repr. 2001).
Also in Library at D102.O9
B. H. Rosenwein, A Short History of the Middle Ages, 2nd edn (Broadview Press, 2004). Also
in Library at D117.A3.R6
M. Innes, Introduction to Early Medieval Western Europe, 300-900. The Sword, the Plough and the
Book (London, 2007) D121.I6
R. McKitterick, ed. The Early Middle Ages: Europe 400-1000 (Oxford, 2001) D121.M3
D. Power, ed. The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950-1320 (Oxford, 2006) D200.C4
R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950-1350
(London, 1994). D200.B2
D. Waley, Later Medieval Europe, 1250-1520 3rd edn, with Peter Denley, 2001 D202.W2
J. Watts, The Making of Polities, Europe, 1300-1500 (Cambridge, 2009)
M. Barber, The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050-1320 (1993) D117.B2 [NB this has been
ordered for the library as an E-BOOK]
Along with several of the ‘further general books’ listed on the module WebCT site these
can be bought in Blackwell’s Bookshop on the University campus, or from Waterstone’s
in town or on-line
See the module WebCT site for further general books organised by Autumn and
Spring semesters.
HOW TO READ FOR LECTURES, SEMINARS, ESSAYS
AND EXAM
Under each seminar there is at least one primary source that is available to download.
Everyone must read the primary source/s prior to the seminar and bring copies.
Secondary reading (books and journal articles written by historians) is organised as
follows:
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E-Journals: these are articles in journals or scanned chapters from books that are
available on-line via the eLibrary Gateway.
General reading: there is generally one item listed, sometimes two. This provides a
quick overview of the topic. Should you want to read further general items you will need
to consult the ‘General Reading by Lecture’ document on the module WebCT site. Use
the lecture and seminar schedule above (pp. 6-7) to check which lectures are relevant to
the seminar topic.
Further reading: under some seminars further secondary reading is listed to enable you
to dig deeper into the topic for the seminar.
Essay reading: for additional reading for essay questions see ‘Additional Reading by
Essay Question’ on the module WebCT site.
You DO NOT need to read everything. Note that the loan period for library books is
automatically shortened if numerous requests for an item are made, so if an item you
need is out on loan put in a request for it.
ABBREVIATIONS USED HERE:
AHR – American Historical Review Per D; available as e-journal
AJS Review: Association of Jewish Studies Review
EME – Early Medieval Europe Per D; available as e-journal from 1997
G&H – Gender & History; available as e-journal
JEH – Journal of Ecclesiastical History; available as e-journal from 1998
JMH – Journal of Medieval History Per D; available as e-journal
NCMH – New Cambridge Medieval History, vol i, c.500-c.700, ed. P. Fouracre; vol ii, c.700-
c.900, ed. R. McKitterick; vol iii, c.900-c.1024, ed. T. Reuter; vol iv (in two parts, the first
dealing with social and cultural themes and the Crusades and the second dealing with
political history), c.1024-c.1198, ed. D.E. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith; vol v, c.1198c.1300, ed. D. Abulafia; vol vi, c.1300-1415, ed. M.C.E. Jones and vol. vii, c.1415-1500, ed.
C. Allmand (Cambridge, 1995-2005) D117.C3
PP – Past and Present Per D; available as e-journal
SCH – Studies in Church History BR140.S8 (conference proceedings, not a periodical)
TRHS – Transactions of the Royal Historical Society Per D; available as e-journal on J-Stor
down to 2002
Shelfmarks: you will find books by their shelfmark (such as D201.B7: go to the section
‘D’ on Level 4 of the Hallward Library)
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READING BY SEMINAR
Seminar One – Introduction
Everyone should do the following prior to the seminar:
On the UNLOC catalogue, look up <Medieval Sourcesonline>; then find P. Fouracre
and R. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France; then find Vita Domnae Balthildis 1, chapters 23 (pp. 119-21). The Clovis whom Balthild married was Clovis II (died 657), a descendant
of the Clovis discussed in Seminar 2(a).
General reading (also relevant to Lecture One):
Any of the items listed above under ‘Buying Books’ and ‘Further General Books’ (on
WebCT)
You might find the following of particular use:
R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe, chapter 3 (on fortifications)
J. Le Goff, Medieval Civilization, chapter 7 (on material culture)
J.M.H. Smith, Europe after Rome, chapter 1 (on literacy)
[NB - Goff’s Introduction to Medieval Callings (Chicago, 1987), pp. 1-35, available from
Jan 1 2011 as a scanned article
Seminar Two (a) Gregory of Tours, Clovis
and Early Frankish Kingship
Electronic primary source:
Gregory of Tours, Ten Books of Histories (also known as the History of the Franks).
Selections from Book 2 (conversion of Clovis): Internet Medieval Sourcebook>Early
Germans (in green menu on left hand side)>non-Christian Germans>‘the Conversion of
Clovis’.
E-journals:
D. Shanzer, ‘Dating the baptism of Clovis: the bishop of Vienne vs. the bishop of Tours’
EME 7 (1998), 29-57. Hard going but important – think about how Shanzer uses
evidence.
Y. Hen, ‘The uses of the Bible and the perception of kingship in Merovingian Gaul’,
EME 7 (1998), 277-289. Useful overlap with Shanzer on Clovis.
A. Keely, ‘Arians and Jews in the Histories of Gregory of Tours’, JMH 23 (1997), 103115. Think about how this essay relates to Hen’s views.
General reading:
R. McKitterick, ed. The Early Middle Ages D121.M3, pp. 9-14, 21-32 [pp. 21-56 are
available as a scanned chapter* via the Library portal]
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Two in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
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Seminar Two (b) Carolingian politics
Electronic primary sources:
1) J. Nelson, tr. Annals of St Bertin (1991) DC70.A2 Medieval Sourcesonline. Look up
the entries for the years 880-882 (for comparison with Maclean’s article on Boso).
2) T. Reuter, tr. Annals of Fulda. Medieval Sourcesonline. Look up entry for 882 (to
compare with Annals of St. Bertin).
E-journals:
S. MacLean, ‘The Carolingian response to the revolt of Boso, 879–887’, EME 10 (2001),
21-48. Looks at the ‘collapse’ of Carolingian power.
S. MacLean, ‘Queenship, Nunneries and Royal Widowhood in Carolingian Europe’, PP
178 (2003), pp. 3-38. Deals with the power of royal women.
G.V.B. West, ‘Charlemagne’s involvement in central and southern Italy: power and the
limits of authority’, EME 8 (1999), 341-367. Looks at the limits to Charlemagne’s
power in sourthern Italy (including Montecassino and San Vincenzo al Volturno).
E. Screen, ‘The importance of the emperor: Lothar I and the Frankish civil war 840-843’,
EME 12.1 (2003), 25-51.
General reading:
R. McKitterick, ed. The Early Middle Ages D121.M3, pp. 16-19, 36-53 [pp. 21-56 are
available as a scanned chapter* via the library portal]
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Three in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Three (a): Anglo-Saxon Families
Electronic primary source:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook>Sex and gender>Marriage>Law and Marriage>‘Council
Legislation on Marriages’
E-journals:
A. Wareham, ‘The transformation of kinship and the family in late Anglo-Saxon
England’, EME, 10 (2001), 375-99. Looks at how the patronage of monasteries
helped lay families to ‘define themselves’.
H. Moisl, ‘Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies and Germanic oral tradition’, JMH, 7 (1981),
215-48. Looks at an important source for family consciousness among royal families.
General reading:
H. Fichtenau, Living in the Tenth Century D127.F4, ch. 4 (Scanned chapter*) and ch. 5
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Five in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
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Seminar Three (b): Vikings and Slaves
Electronic primary source:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook>10th C Collapse>External Attacks>Ibn Fadlan, Risala
(This should be backed up with the excellent commentary by J. Jesch in her Women in the
Viking Age 1991, 119-23 DL65.J4)
E-journal:
D. Pelteret, ‘The image of the slave in some Anglo-Saxon and Norse sources’, Slavery and
Abolition, 23 (2002), 75-90
Hard copy:
R. M. Karras, Slavery and Society in Medieval Scandinavia 1988 DL33.S5
R. M. Karras, ‘Concubinage and slavery in the Viking age’, Scandinavian Studies, 60 (1990):
available as photocopy in Short Loan
P. Holm, ‘The slave trade of Dublin, ninth to twelfth centuries’, Peritia, 5 (1986): available
as photocopy in Short Loan
D. Pelteret, ‘Slavery in the Danelaw’, in R. Samson, Social Approaches to Viking Studies 1991
HN540.S2
More on early medieval slavery in general:
B. Lewis, Race and Slavery in the Middle East 1990 HT1316.L4
M. McCormick, ‘New Light on the “Dark Ages”: How the Slave Trade Fuelled the
Carolingian Economy’, PP, 177 (2002), 17-54
D. Pelteret, Slavery in Early Medieval England: from the Reign of Alfred until the Twelfth Century
1995 A152.2.P4
D. Pelteret, ‘Slave raiding and slave trading in early England’, Anglo-Saxon England, 9
(1981), 99-114
T. Reuter, ‘Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire’, TRHS, 5th ser., 35 (1985)
R. Samson, ‘The end of early medieval slavery’, in A.J. Frantzen and D. Moffat, ed. The
Work of Work: Servitude, Slavery and Labor in Medieval England 1994, 95-124 DA185.W6
For additional general reading see the lists under Lectures Three and Six in ‘General
Reading by Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Four (a): Saints’ Cults
Electronic primary sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook > Medieval Church> Saints and Relics, especially
Guibert de Nogent, On Saints and Their Relics.
2) P. Fouracre and R. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France, Manchester Medieval Sources
on-line http://www.medievalsources.co.uk/merovingian.htm
E-journals/resoures:
Robert Bartlett, ‘Rewriting saints’ Lives: the case of Gerald of Wales’, Speculum, 58 (1983),
598-613
Catherine Cubitt, ‘Sites and sanctity: revisiting the cult of murdered and martyred AngloSaxon royal saints’, EME, 9 (2000)
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Catherine Cubitt, ‘Memory and narrative in the cult of early Anglo-Saxon saints’, in Y.
Hen and M. Innes, ed. The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages 2002 e-book
A. Thacker and R. Sharpe, ed. Local Saints and Local Churches 2002 BX4659.E85.L6, esp.
ch. by Cubitt, ‘Universal and local saints in Anglo-Saxon England’ (scanned chapter*)
Paul Fouracre, ‘Merovingian history and Merovingian hagiography’, PP, 127 (1990), 3-38
Paul Hayward, ‘An absent father: Eadmer, Goscelin and the cult of St Peter, the first
abbot of St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury’, JMH, 29 (2003)
Paul Hayward, ‘Gregory the Great as “Apostle of the English” in Post-Conquest
Canterbury’, JEH, 55, 2004
Julia Smith, ‘The problem of female sanctity in Carolingian Europe c.780-920’, PP, 146
(1995), 3-37
Julia M.H. Smith, ‘Oral and written: saints, miracles and relics in Brittany, c.850-1250’,
Speculum 60 (1990), 309-43
Alan Thacker, ‘Memorializing Gregory the Great’, EME 1998
Further reading:
S. A. Farmer, Communities of Saint Martin: legend and ritual in medieval Tours (1991)
General reading:
M. De Jong, ‘Religion’ in R. McKitterick, ed. The Early Middle Ages D121.M3
For additional general reading see the lists under Lecture Seven in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Four (b): Abelard and Heloise
Electronic primary source:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Selected Sources > Intellectual life> 11th and 12th
century thought> Abelard and Heloise> Tierney, Abelard, History of My Calamities
E-book:
C. J. Mews, Abelard and Heloise 2005 (also at B765.A24.M4)
E-journal:
M. M. McLaughlin, ‘Abelard as autobiographer: the motives and meaning of his Story of
Calamities’, Speculum, 42 (1967), 463-88
Hard copy:
The Letters of Abelard and Heloise, tr. B. Radice, rev. edn by M. Clanchy 2003 B765.A24.A4.
Excellent introduction and commentary by Clanchy
M. Clanchy, Abelard: a Medieval Life 1997 B765.A2.C5
T. G. Waldman, ‘Abbot Suger and the nuns of Argenteuil’, Traditio, 41 (1985), 239-72
PER D
Abelard and Heloise: the letters and other writings translated by W. Levitan, S. Lombardo and
by B. Thorburn (2007) B765.A21.L4
General reading:
J. Barrow , ‘Religion’ in D. Power, ed. The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320 (2006),
pp. 121–48 (D200.C4) (E-BOOK*)
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A. S. Abulafia, ‘Intellectual and cultural creativity’, in D. Power, ed. The Central Middle
Ages: Europe 950–1320 (2006), pp. 149–77 (D200.C4) (E-BOOK*)
For additional general reading see the lists under Lectures Seven and Five in ‘General
Reading by Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Five (a): Crusaders and their
Motives in the First Crusade
Electronic primary sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Selected Sources > The Crusades> The First
Crusade> ‘Urban II’s Speech’ and ‘Attacks on the Jews’
2) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Selected Sources > Byzantium> Byzantine Imperial
Centuries (843-1204)> The Komnenoi> The Alexiad Books 10 and 11 on the
crusades> ‘The Arrival of the Crusaders’ and ‘Bad Manners of a Crusading Prince’
Complete text of The Alexiad of Anna Comnena also on Internet Medieval Sourcebook
at: The Alexiad of Anna Comnena
E-journals:
T. N. Bisson, ‘The Organized Peace in Southern France and Catalonia, ca. 1140-ca.1233’,
AHR 82: 2 (1977): 290-311
P. Charanis, ‘A Greek Source on the Origin of the First Crusade’, Speculum 24:1.
(1949): 93-94
J. A. Brundage, ‘Adhemar of Puy. The Bishop and his Critics’, Speculum 34 (1959)
C. Cahen, ‘An Introduction to the First Crusade’, PP 6 (1954): 6-30
H. E. J. Cowdrey, ‘The Peace and Truce of God in the Eleventh Century’, PP 46 (1970),
42-67
F. Duncalf, ‘The Peasants Crusade’ AHR, 26 (1921): 440-53
T. Head, ‘The Development of the Peace of God in Aquitaine (970-1006)’, Speculum 74
(1999): 656-86
A. C. Krey, ‘Urban's Crusade: Success or Failure?’, AHR 53 (1948): 235-50
D. C. Munro, ‘The Speech of Urban II at Clermont’, AHR 11 (1906), 231-40
D. C. Munro, ‘Did the Emperor Alexius Ask for Aid at the Council of Piacenza 1095?’,
AHR 27 (1922)
D. Malkiel, ‘The underclass in the first crusade: a historiographical trend’, JMH 28 (2002),
169-197
C.T. Maier, ‘The role of women in the crusade movement, a survey’, JMH 30, 2004, pp.
61-82
Further reading:
M. G. Bull, Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade BR844.B8
M. G. Bull, ‘The pilgrimage origins of the First Crusade’, History Today, 47, no. 3 (March
1997) Per D
N. Cohn, The Pursuit of the Millennium; Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the
Middle Ages. Rev. and expanded ed. (1970) BR253.C6
H. E. J. Cowdrey, Popes, Monks and Crusaders 1984 BR162.2.C6
15
A. C. Krey, The First Crusade. Accounts of Eye-Witnesses 1958 D161.1.K7
J. Phillips, ‘Who were the First Crusaders?’, History Today, 47, no. 3 (March, 1997)
J. Riley-Smith, ‘The First Crusade and the Persecution of the Jews’, SCH 21 (1984)
J. and L. Riley-Smith, The Crusades. Ideal and Reality 1981 D151.R4
G. Rodgers, ‘Peter Bartholomew and the role of “the poor” in the First Crusade’ in T.
Reuter, ed. Warriors and Churchmen in the High Middle Ages 1992 D133.W2.
K. M. Setton, gen. ed., A History of the Crusades, vol. i, The First Hundred Years 2nd ed. 1969
D157.S4
D. Malkiel, Reconstructing Askenaz. The human face of Franco-German Jewry, 1000-1250 (2009)
[copy ordered for the library]
General reading:
N. Berend, ‘The expansion of Latin Christendom’, in D. Power, ed. The Central Middle Ages
D200.C4 at pp. 194-206 (E-BOOK*)
C. Tyerman, God’s War (2007) [2 copies on order for library and should also be available
as an e-Book]
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Eight in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Five (b): The Fourth Crusade: the
Sack of Constantinople
Electronic primary source:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Selected Sources> The Crusades> The Fourth Crusade
1204: Collected Sources> III: The Diversion to Constantinople> Texts by Robert of
Clari and Geoffrey of Villehardouin
Additional electronic primary source:
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/1204.html (this includes a source by Nicetas Chroniates
which provides a Byzantine perspective)
E. Peters, Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229: Sources in Translation (1971) [NB this
has been ordered for the library as an E-BOOK]
Other Sources to look at:
Geoffrey of Villehardouin, ‘The Conquest of Constantinople’, in M. Shaw, ed. and trans.
Joinville and Villehardouin, 1963 D151.S4
Robert of Clari, The Conquest of Constantinople, 1966 PQ1516.R2
E-journals:
M. Angold, ‘The road to 1204: the Byzantine background to the Fourth Crusade’, JMH
25 (1999), 257-278
D. E. Queller, T. K. Compton and D. A. Campbell, ‘The Fourth Crusade: the neglected
majority’, Speculum, 49 (1974)
E-book:
Wolff, R. L. and Hazard, H. W., The Later Crusades, which is vol. 2 of Setton, K. M. et al.,
A History of the Crusades, 2nd edn, 5 vols, 1955, DA157.S4, chs. 4, 5 & 6, and at
http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/History/subcollections/HistCrusadesAbout.html
16
Further reading:
J. Harris, Byzantium and the Crusades, 2003 D157.H2
N. Housley, The Crusaders, 2002 D157.H6
D. Jacoby, ‘The Latin Empire of Constantinople’ in NCMH, v
D. M. Nicol, ‘The Fourth Crusade and the Greek and Latin Empires’, in NCMH, iv
D. E. Queller, Medieval diplomacy and the Fourth Crusade, 1980 D131.Q4
J. Burrow, A History of Histories (2007), material on Geoffrey of Villehardouin.
T. E. Gregory, A History of Byzantium (2005).
Hendy, ‘Byzantium, 1081-1204’, in Jotischky (ed.) The Crusades, vol. 1.
J. Longnon, ‘The Frankish States in Greece’, in Setton, Crusades, II, 235-74.
T. Madden, (ed.), The Fourth Crusade: Events, Aftermath and Perceptions (2008).
E. H. McNeal, and R. L. Wolff, ‘The Fourth Crusade’, Setton, Crusades, II, 153-185.
D. E. Queller, The Fourth Crusade: the Conquest of Constantinople, 1201-1204 (1978)
D. E. Queller, and T. F. Madden, The Fourth Crusade 2nd edn (1999) [4 copies ordered for
library]
Jotischky (ed.) The Crusades: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies (2008), vol. 3.
M. Angold, The Byzantine Empire, 1025-1204: a political history 2nd edn (1997)
General reading:
N. Berend, ‘The expansion of Latin Christendom’, in D. Power, ed. The Central Middle Ages
D200.C4 at pp. 194-206 (scanned chapter*)
C. Tyerman, God’s War (2007) [2 copies on order for library and should also be available
as an e-Book]
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Eight in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Six (a): Crisis of Authority: Magna
Carta
Electronic primary source:
1) http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/translation/mc_trans.html
E-journals/resources:
R. H. Helmholz, 'Magna Carta and the ius commune'. University of Chicago Law Review, 66:2
(1999), 297-371
J. Holt, ‘The barons and the Great Charter’ English Historical Review, 70 (1955), 1-24
J. R. Maddicott, ‘Magna Carta and the local community 1215-1259’ Past & Present, 102
(1984), 25-65
E. Miller, ‘The background of Magna Carta’, Past & Present, 23 (1962), 72-83
R. Turner, ‘King John's concept of royal authority’ History of Political Thought, 17 (1996),
157-78
C. Valente, The Theory and Practice of Revolt in Medieval England (Aldershot,
2003), ch. 3 DA175.V2 (scanned chapter*)
K. Faulkner, 'The knights in the Magna Carta civil war'. In M. Prestwich R. Britnell and R.
Frame (ed.), Thirteenth Century England VIII (Proceedings of the Durham Conference, 1999)
(Woodbridge: Boydell, 2001), 1-12. DA225.T4 (scanned chapter*)
17
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: entry on King John. Available as an online
source via the Intranet Portal.
Further reading:
C. Breay, Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths (London, 2002) JN147.B7
J. Holt, Magna Carta and medieval government (London, 1985) JN147.H6
J. Holt, Magna Carta (Cambridge, 1992) JN147.H6
J. Holt, The Northerners: a Study in the Reign of King John (Oxford, 1961) DA208.H6
J. A. P. Jones, King John and Magna Carta (Harlow, 1971), DA208.J6
F. Thompson, Magna Carta : its role in the making of the English constitution
1300-1629 (Minneapolis, 1948) JN147.T4
R. V. Turner, King John (1994), chs 7 & 8
W. L. Warren, King John (1961), chs 7 & 8
General reading:
F. Barlow, The Feudal Kingdom of England (1988), ch. 10 (scanned chapter*)
M. T. Clanchy, England and its Rulers (1998), ch. 8 (scanned chapter*)
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Eleven in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Six (b): Crisis of Authority: Late
Medieval Kingship
Electronic primary source:
Medieval sources online> Chronicles of the Revolution, ed. C. Given-Wilson> 17. The
Record and the Process> pp. 172-84; see also ibid., Introduction, pp. 32-52 for
commentary.
Hard copy:
Chronicles of the Revolution, ed. C. Given-Wilson, 1993, 32-52 and 172-84 DA235.C4
E-journal/resoures:
C. Barron, ‘The tyranny of Richard II’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 41 (1968),
1-18
C. Given-Wilson, ‘Richard II, Edward II, and the Lancastrian Inheritance’, EHR 109
(1994)
C. Barron, ‘The deposition of Richard II’, in J. Taylor and W. Childs, ed. Politics and Crisis
in Fourteenth Century England 1990 (scanned chapter*)
B. Wilkinson, ‘The deposition of Richard II and the Accession of Henry IV’, in Historical
Studies of the English Parliament, I: Origins to 1399, ed. E.B. Fryde and E. Miller, 1970,
329-53 JN508.F7 (scanned chapter*)
N. Saul, ‘The Kingship of Richard II’, in Richard II: the art of kingship, ed. A. Goodman
and J. Gillespie (1999) DA235.R4 (scanned chapter*)
C. Barron, ‘The Reign of Richard II’, in M. Jones, ed. The New Cambridge Medieval
History VI: 1300-c. 1415 D117.C3 (scanned chapter*)
Further reading:
18
C. Barron, ‘The art of kingship: Richard II 1377-99’, History Today, 35 (June, 1985), 30-7
M. Bennett, Richard II and the Revolution of 1399 1999, ch. 8 DA235.B4
J. Sumption, Hundred Years War III; Divided Houses (2009) [3 copies ordered for library]
General reading:
B. Guenée, States and Rulers in Later Medieval Europe 1985 D202G8 12
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Eleven in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Seven (a): The Hundred Years War
Electronic primary sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> France> Hundred Years War> Froissart, On the
Hundred Years War
2) http://www.deremilitari.org > Resources> Hundred Years War> Letter of Edward
the Black Prince about the Battle of Poitiers 1356
E-journals/resources:
J. Le Patourel, ‘Edward III and the kingdom of France’, History, 43 (1958)
H. Angsar Kelly, ‘The right to remain silent. Before and after Joan of Arc’, Speculum 68,
num 4. 1993. pp. 992-1026
P. Contamine, ‘The French nobility and the war’ in K. Fowler, ed. The Hundred Years War,
1971, 135-62 DC96.F6 (scanned article*)
W.M. Ormrod, ‘The domestic response to the Hundred Years War’, in A. Curry and M.
Hughes, ed. Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War, 1994, 83-102
DC96.A7 (scanned chapter*)
M. Vale, ‘England, France and the origins of the Hundred Years War’, in M. Jones and
M. Vale, ed. England and her Neighbours, 1066-1453, 1989 DA176.E6 (scanned article*)
Further reading: see the list under Lecture Thirteen in ‘General Reading by Lecture’ on
the module WebCT site.
General reading:
A. Curry, The Hundred Years War, 1993 DC96.C8
Seminar Seven (b): Chivalry and Medieval
Warfare
Electronic primary sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> France> Hundred Years War> Froissart, On the
Hundred Years War
2) http://www.deremilitari.org > Resources> Hundred Years War> Life of Edward the
Black Prince by the Chandos Herald, tr. M. Pope and E.C. Lodge, pp. 1-8 (also as
hard copy at DA234.C4)
Further sources:
The Letters, Orders and Musters of Bertrand du Guesclin, 1357-1380, ed. M.C.E. Jones, 2004
DC97.D8.D8
19
E-journal/resources:
J.B. Henneman, ‘The military class and the French monarchy in the late middle ages’,
AHR, 83 (1978)
P. Contamine, ‘The French nobility and the war’ in K. Fowler, ed. The Hundred Years War,
1971, 135-62 DC96.F6 (Scanned article*)
M. Keen, Chivalry (chapter: ‘Introduction: the ideas of Chivalry’ CR4513.K4 (scanned
chapter*)
C. Rogers, ‘Edward III and the Dialectics of Strategy, 1327-1360’, in The Wars of Edward
III (1999) DA233.W2 (scanned chapter*)
Further reading (warfare):
Andrew Ayton and P. Preston, The Battle of Crécy, 1346, 2005 DC98.5.C8.A9
A.R. Bell, War and the Soldier in the Fourteenth Century 2004 DA60.B4
S. Boffa, Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406 2004 DH801.B79.B6
P. Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, 1984 D128.C6
A. Curry, ‘English armies of the fifteenth century’, in A. Curry and M. Hughes, ed. Arms,
Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War, 1994, 36-69 DC96.A7
N. Hooper and M. Bennett, Cambridge Illustrated Atlas: Warfare. The Middle Ages, 768-1487,
1996 4/Atlas D114.C2
M. Livingstone and M. Witzel, The Road to Crécy: the English Invasion of France, 1346, 2005
DC98.5.C8.L4
H. Nicholson, Medieval Warfare: Theory and Practice of War in Europe, 300-1500, 2004
D128.N4 (also e-book)
C. Rogers, ed. The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations, 1999 DA233.W2
C. Rogers, War Cruel and Sharp: English Strategy under Edward III, 1327-1360, 2000
DA233.R6
M. Strickland, ed. Armies, Chivalry and Warfare in Medieval Britain and France, 1998 D128.A7
Further reading (chivalry):
C. B. Bouchard, Strong of Body, Brave and Noble. Chivalry and Society in Medieval France, 1988
DC33.2.B6
J. Bumke, The Concept of Knighthood in the Middle Ages, 1982 CR4513.B8
H. E. L. Collins, The Order of the Garter, 1348-1461: Chivalry and Politics in Late Medieval
England, 2000 CR4827.C6
P. Coss, The Knight in Medieval England, 1000-1400, 1993 DA185.C6
G. Duby, The Chivalrous Society, 1977 D131.D8
G. Duby, The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined, 1982 DC83.D8
G. Fourquin, Lordship and Feudalism in the Middle Ages, 1976 D131.F6
R. Kaeuper, Chivalry and Violence in Medieval Europe, 1999 CR4513.K2 (the chapter
‘Knighthood in action’ is available scanned *)
M. Vale, War and Chivalry: Warfare and Aristocratic Culture in England, France and Burgundy at
the End of the Middle Ages, 1981 CR4513.V2
R. Vernier, The Flower of Chivalry: Bertrand du Guesclin and the Hundred Years War, 2004
DC97.D8.V4
General reading:
A. Curry, The Hundred Years War, 1993 DC96.C8
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Eleven in ‘General Reading by
Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
20
Seminar Eight (a): The Impact of the Black
Death
Electronic primary sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> States and Society> The ‘Calamitous’ 14th Century>
The Black Death> Boccaccio, Decameron
2) Medieval sources online> R. Horrox, ed. The Black Death, nos. 1, 2, 13, 21, 44-6, 56,
58-9, 69, 73, 81, 87, 94-8, 113-16
E-journals:
J. Aberth, ‘The Black Death in the diocese of Ely: the evidence of the bishop’s register’,
JMH, 2 (1995)
W. M. Bowsky, ‘The impact of the Black Death upon Sienese government and society’,
Speculum, 39 (1964)
A. R. Bridbury, ‘The Black Death’, Economic History Review, new ser., 26 (1973)
R. H. Britnell, ‘Feudal reaction after the Black Death in the Palatinate of Durham’, PP,
128 (1990)
B. M. S. Campbell, ‘Matching supply to demand: crop production and disposal by
English demesnes in the century of the Black Death’, Journal of Economic History, 57
(1997), 827-58
S. K. Cohn, ‘The Black Death. End of a Paradigm’, AHR, 107, num 3. 2002. pp.703-738
W. Emery, ‘The Black Death in Perpignan’, Speculum, 42 (1967)
G. K. Fiero, ‘Death ritual in fifteenth-century manuscript illumination’, JMH, 10 (1984)
J. Hatcher, ‘England in the aftermath of the Black Death’, PP, 144 (1994)
J. B. Henneman, ‘The Black Death and royal taxation in France, 1347-1351’, Speculum, 43
(1968)
R. E. Lerner, ‘The Black Death and Western European eschatological mentalities’, AHR,
86 (1981), 533-52
R. A. Lomas, ‘The Black Death in County Durham’, JMH, 15 (1989), 127-40
M. McCormick, ‘Rats, communications and plague: towards an ecological history’, Journal
of Interdisciplinary History, 34 (2003), 1-32
Z. Razi, ‘Family, land and the village community in later medieval England’, PP, 93
(1981)
M. V. Shirk, ‘The Black Death in Aragon, 1348-1351’, JMH, 7 (1981)
General reading:
O. J. Benedictow The Black Death, 1346–1353: the complete history (2004) [3 copies on order
for the library]
For additional general reading see the list under Lectures Fourteen and Fifteen in
‘General Reading by Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
21
Seminar Eight (b): Xenophobia: the Black
Death and Intolerance
Electronic sources:
1) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> States and Society> Calamitous 14th Century> Black
Death> Black Death and the Jews
2) Medieval sources online> R. Horrox, ed. The Black Death, nos. 68-75
3) Medieval sources online> T. Dean, ed. The Towns of Italy in the Later Middle Ages,
‘Social organisations and tensions’
E-journals/resources:
S. K. Cohn, ‘The Black Death and the burning of Jews’, PP, 196 (2007), 3-36
R. Finley, ‘The foundation of the Ghetto, Venice, the Jews and the war of the League of
Cambrai’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 126 (1982), 140-54
K. T. Utterbach, ‘ “Conversi” revert: voluntary and forced return to Judaism in the early
fourteenth century’, Church History, 64 (1995), 16-28
M. Botticini, ‘A tale of “benevolent” governments: private credit markets, public finance
and the role of Jewish lenders in medieval and Renaissance Italy’, Journal of Economic
History, 60 (2000), 164-89
D. Nirenberg, Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages, 1996, 3-39
(scanned chapter*) and see also ‘Epilogue’ and chs. 2 and 4 D164.N4
M. Cohn, ‘Anti-Jewish violence and the place of the Jews in Christendom and in Islam: a
paradigm’, in A.S. Abulafia, ed. Religious Violence between Christians and Jews: Medieval
Roots, Modern Perspectives, 2000 BM535.R4 (scanned chapter*)
R. I. Moore, The Formation of a Persecuting Society, 2nd edn, 2007 HN375.M6 (the chapter
‘Purity and danger’ is available scanned *)
Further reading:
D. S. H. Abulafia, ‘Monarchs and minorities in the Christian western Mediterranean
around 1300: Lucera and its analogues’, in Christendom and its Discontents: Exclusion,
Persecution and Rebellion, 1000-1500, ed. S.L. Waugh and P.D. Diehl, 1996 BR1609.5.C4
J. F. Baer, History of the Jews in Christian Spain, 2 vols, 1961-6, DS135.S7.B2
M. Barber, ‘Lepers, Jews and Moslems: the plot to overthrow Christendom in 1321’, in
M. Barber, ed. Crusaders and Heretics, 12th-14th Centuries, 1995 BR270.B2
D. Calabi, ‘The Jews and the city in the Mediterranean area’, in A. Cowan, ed.
Mediterranean Urban Culture, 1400-1700, 2000, DE96.M4
C. Cluse, ed. The Jews of Europe in the Middle Ages (Tenth to Fifteenth Centuries), 2004
DS135.E81.I6
W. C. Jordan, ‘Home again: the Jews in the kingdom of France, 1315-1322’, in W.C.
Jordan, Ideology and Royal power in Medieval France: Kingship, Crusades and the Jews, 2001
DC83.J6
G. Langmuir, History, Religion and Anti-Semitism, 1990 DS145.L2
G. Langmuir, Toward a Definition of Anti-Semitism, 1990 DS145.L2
J. R. Marcus, The Jew in the Medieval World, 1977 DS134.M2
M. D. Meyerson, A Jewish Renaissance in Fifteenth-Century Spain, 2004 DS135.S7.M4
K. Stow, Alienated Minority, 1992 DS124.S8
General reading:
O. J. Benedictow The Black Death, 1346–1353: the complete history (2004) [3 copies on order
for the library]
22
For additional general reading see the list under Lecture Fourteen and Fifteen in ‘General
Reading by Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Nine (a): Anticlericalism and the
Lollards
Electronic source:
1) Medieval Sources online> R.N. Swanson, ed. Catholic England: Faith, Religion and
Observance before the Reformation, nos. 47 and 50
2) Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Medieval Church> Medieval Heresy> Lollardy>
The condemnation of Wycliffe, 1382, and Wycliffe’s reply, 1384
E-journals/resources:
M. Aston, ‘Lollardy and sedition, 1381-1431’, PP 17 (1960), 1-44
R. Brooke, ‘The Laity and the Church’ in R. B. and C. N. L. Brooke, Popular Religion in the
Middle Ages, 1984 BR253.B7 (scanned chapter*)
W. R. Cook, ‘John Wyclif and Hussite theology 1415-1436’, Church History, 42 (1973)
R. G. Davies, ‘Lollardy and locality’, TRHS, 6th ser. 1 (1991), 191-212
M. Groom, 'England: piety, heresy and anti-clericalism', in Rigby, S. H. (ed.), A companion
to Britain in the later middle ages (2003), pp. 381-95 (scanned chapter*)
M. D. Lambert, M. D., Medieval heresy: popular movements from the Gregorian reform to the
Reformation, 3rd edn 2002, ch 14 (scanned chapter*) and see also ch. 15 BT1319.L2
S. McSheffrey, ‘Heresy, Orthodoxy and English Vernacular Religion 1480–1525’, PP 186
(2005), 47–80
H. G. Richardson, 'Heresy and the Lay Power under Richard II', EHR 101 (1936), pp. 128
R. N. Swanson, ‘Literacy, heresy, history and orthodoxy: perspectives and permutations
for the later Middle Ages’, in P. Biller and A. Hudson (eds), Heresy and literacy, 10001530, Cambridge 1994, 279-93 (scanned chapter*)
Further reading (anticlericalism):
J. Bossy, Christianity in the West 1400-1700, 1985, ch. 4 BR270.B6
M. Burleigh, ‘Anticlericalism in fifteenth-century Prussia: the clerical contribution
reconsidered’, in C. Barron and C. Harper-Bill, ed. The Church in Pre-Reformation Society,
1985, pp. 38-47 BR750.C4
J. Van Engen, ‘Anticlericalism among the Lollards’, in P.A. Dykema and H.A. Oberman,
ed. Anticlericalism in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 1993, pp. 53-63 BR735.A6
D. A. Eltis, ‘Tensions between clergy and laity in some western German cities in the later
middle ages’, JEH, 43 (1992)
P. Heath, ‘Urban piety in the later middle ages: the evidence of Hull wills’, in R.B.
Dobson, ed. The Church, Politics and Patronage in the Fifteenth Century 1984 BR750.D6
J. Henderson, Piety and Charity in Late Medieval Florence 1994 BX1548.F55.H4
B. R. McRee, ‘Religious gilds and the regulation of behaviour in late medieval towns’ in J.
Rosenthal and C. Richmond, ed. People, Politics and Community in the Later Middle Ages,
1987, DA245.P4
R. N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515, 1995, chs. 1 and 3 BR735.S9
23
Further reading (Lollards):
M. Aston, ‘Bishops and Heresy: The Defence of the Faith’, in her Faith and Fire: Popular
and Unpopular Religion, 1350-1600 (1993)
M. Harvey, ‘Lollardy and the Great Schism: some contemporary perceptions’, in A.
Hudson and M. Wilks, ed. From Ockham to Wyclif, 1987, 385-96 BR140.S82/5
(scanned chapter*)
A. Hudson, ‘Laicus litteratus: the paradox of Lollardy’, in P.P.A. Biller & A. Hudson, eds,
Heresy and Literacy 1000-1500 (1995)
A. Hudson, ‘The mouse in the pyx: popular heresy and the Eucharist’, photocopy in
Hallward (published in N. Crossley-Holland, ed. Eternal Values in Medieval Life, 1991)
A. Hudson, The Premature Reformation: Wycliffite Texts and the Lollard Heresy, 1988
BX4901.2.H8
A. Kenny, ed. Wyclif in his Times, 1986 BX4905.W9
A. E. Larsen, 'Are All Lollards Lollards?', in Somerset, F., Havens, J. C., Pitard, D. G.,
eds, Lollards and their influence in later medieval England (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2003), 5972
K. B. McFarlane, John Wycliffe and the Beginnings of English Nonconformity, 1952 BX4905.M2
K. B. McFarlane, Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights, Oxford 1972
S. McSheffrey, Gender and heresy: Women and men in Lollard communities, 1420-1530 (1995)
H. Phillips, ‘John Wyclif and the religion of the people’, in J. Brown and W. Stoneman,
ed. A Distinct Voice: Medieval Studies in Honor of Leonard E. Boyle 1997, 561-90
CB351.D4
T. J. Renna, ‘Wyclif’s attacks on the monks’, in A. Hudson and M. Wilks, ed. From
Ockham to Wyclif, 1987, 267-80 BR140.S82/5
R. Rex, The Lollards (2002)
E. C. Tatnall, ‘The condemnation of John Wycliff at the council of Constance’, in G.J.
Cuming, ed. Councils and Assemblies, SCH, 8 (1971) BR140.S8
General reading:
R. B. and C.N.L. Brooke, Popular Religion in the Middle Ages 1984 BR253.B7
For additional general reading see the lists under Lectures Twelve, Sixteen and Seventeen
in ‘General Reading by Lecture’ on the module WebCT site.
Seminar Nine (b): Popular Rebellion (on
one of three case studies)
Case Study One: the Jacquerie: France, 1358
Electronic sources:
Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Economic Life > Rural Life > The Peasantry > Peasant
Revolts > Froissart, The Jacquerie
Sources in hard copy:
S.K. Cohn, ed. Popular Protest in Late Medieval Europe: Italy, France and Flanders 2004, nos.
91-120 HN11.P6 (nos 121-31 availed as scanned chapter*)
24
E-journal and book:
D. M. Bessen, ‘The Jacquerie: class war or co-opted rebellion?’, JMH, 11 (1985)
R. Hilton, ed. Bond Men made Free: Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381
1973 DA235.H4 (also as e-book)
Further reading:
R. Cazelles, ‘The Jacquerie’, in R.H. Hilton and T.H. Aston, ed. The English Rising of 1381
1984 DA235.H4
R. Fossier, ‘The great trial’, in R. Fossier, ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle
Ages, III: 1250-1520 1998 pp. 52-118 CB351.C2
P. Freedman, ‘Peasant anger in the middle ages’, in B. Rosenwein, ed. Anger’s Past 1998
171-88 D127.A6
H.A. Landsberger, ed. Peasant Protest: Peasant Movements and Social Change 1974 HD1521.R8
M. Mollat and P. Wolff, Popular Rebellions of the Late Middle Ages 1973, pp. 125-31
D202.M6
J. Sumption, The Hundred Years War, II: Trial by Fire 1999, pp. 327-36 DC96.S8
Case Study Two: the Revolt of the Ciompi: Italy, 1378-82
Sources in hard copy:
S.K. Cohn, ed. Popular Protest in Late Medieval Europe: Italy, France and Flanders 2004, nos.
121-31 HN11.P6
Further reading:
G.A. Brucker, Florentine Politics and Society, 1343-1378 1962 DG737.26.B7
G.A. Brucker, ‘The Ciompi revolution’, in N. Rubinstein, ed. Florentine Studies: Politics and
Society in Renaissance Florence 1980, 314-56 DG737.4.R8 (Scanned chapter*)
S.K. Cohn, The Laboring Classes in Renaissance Florence, 1980 DG737.4.C6
S.K. Cohn, Creating the Florentine State: Peasants and Rebellion, 1348-1434, 1999
HD1536.I8C6
S. Cohn, ‘Florentine insurrections, 1342-1385: a comparative perspective’, in R.H. Hilton
and T.H. Aston, ed. The English Rising of 1381 1984 DA235.H4
J. Larner, Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380 1980 DG530.L2
M. Lauro, ed. Violence and Civil Disorder in Italian Cities, 1200-1500 1972 DG530.M2
M. Mollat and P. Wolff, Popular Rebellions of the Late Middle Ages 1973, pp. 142-61
D202.M6
J. Najemy, ‘The dialogue of power in Florentine politics’, in A. Molho, K. Rauflaab, A.
Kurt and J. Emlen, ed. City-States in Classical antiquity and Medieval Italy 1991 pp. 269-88
DF285.C4
R. Rooner, ‘Labour conditions in Florence around 1400’, in N. Rubinstein, ed. Florentine
Studies: Politics and Society in Renaissance Florence 1980, pp. 277-313 DG737.4.R8
R. Trexler, ‘Follow the flag: the Ciompi revolt seen from the streets’, Bibliothèque
d’humanisme et Renaissance, 46 (1984), 357-92 PER PN
R. Trexler, ‘Neighbours and comrades: the revolutionaries of Florence, 1378’, Social
Analysis, 14 (1983), 53-105; available as Hallward photocopy
Case Study Three: the Peasants’ Revolt: England, 1381
Electronic primary source:
25
Internet Medieval Sourcebook> Economic Life > Rural Life > The Peasantry > Peasant
Revolts > Anonimalle Chronicle, Peasants’ Revolt
Source in hard copy:
R. B. Dobson, ed. The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, 2nd edn 1983 DA235.D6 (and see below for
scanned introduction)
E-book:
R. Hilton, ed. Bond Men made Free: Medieval Peasant Movements and the English Rising of 1381
1973 DA235.H4 (also as e-book)
E-journals/resources:
Dobson, B., (1983) "introduction to the second edition" from Dobson, Richard Barrie,
The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 (scanned chapter*)
N. Brooks, ‘The organisation and achievements of the peasants of Kent and Essex in
1381’, in H. Mayr-Harting and R.I. Moore, ed. Studies in Medieval History Presented to
R.H.C. Davis, 1985, pp. 247-70 D117.S8 (scanned chapter*)
C. Dyer, ‘The social and economic background to the rural revolt of 1381’, in R.H.
Hilton and T.H. Aston, ed. The English Rising of 1381 1984 DA235.H4 (in the same
volume cf. also chapters by Faith, Dobson, Butcher and Tuck) (scanned chapter*)
Rodney Hilton’s Middle Ages: an Exploration of Historical Themes, ed. C. Dyer, P. Coss and C.
Wickham, published as PP, Supplement 2 (2007), esp. articles by Razi and Cohn (also
available at D117.R6)
R. B. Goheen, ‘Peasant politics? Village community and the demands of the crown in the
fifteenth century’, AHR, 96 (1991)
R. H. Hilton, ‘Peasant movements in England before 1381’, Economic History Review, 2nd
ser. 2 (1949), 117-36
M. Müller, ‘The aims and organisation of a peasant revolt in early fourteenth-century
Wiltshire’, Rural History, 14 (2003), 1-20
W. M. Ormrod, ‘The Peasants’ Revolt and the government of England’, Journal of British
Studies, 29 (1990), 1-30
P. R. Schofield, ‘Peasants and the manor court: gossip and litigation in a Suffolk village at
the close of the thirteenth century’, PP, 159 (1998)
Further reading:
R. B. Dobson, ed. The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, 2nd edn 1983, introduction DA235.D6 *
E. B. Fryde, Peasants and Landlords in Later Medieval England, 1996 DA235.F7
E. B. Fryde, The Great Revolt of 1381 (Historical Association Pamphlet, 1981)
D8.H4.G100
S. Justice, Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381, 1994 PR275.H5
M. Mollat and P. Wolff, Popular Rebellions of the Late Middle Ages 1973 D202.M6
W. M. Ormrod, Political Life in Medieval England, 1300-1450 1995 DA225.O7
E. Searle and R. Burghart, ‘The defence of England and the Peasants’ Revolt’, Viator, 3
(1972) PER A
C. Valente, Theory and Practice of Revolt in Medieval England 2003 DA175.V2
J. Sumption, Hundred Years War III; Divided Houses (2009), pp. 413–55 [3 copies ordered
for library] – also covers revolts in Flanders
General reading: see list under Lecture Eighteen in ‘General Reading by Lecture’ on
module WebCT site.
26
Seminar Ten: The Variety of Sources
For this seminar there is only one article to read – but it is quite tough. Notice the links
that you can draw with the issues being raised on the Learning History module as well
topics you have studied throughout this module.
E-journal:
W. Pohl, ‘History in fragments: Montecassino’s politics of memory’, EME 10 (2001),
343-374
Electronic primary source: there is no readily available source which is discussed in
Pohl’s article. However, there are 2 useful websites which help to set his work in a wider
context: www.officine.it/montecassino (site of the Abbey of Montecassino) and
www.osb.org (site of Benedictine Order, with translations of the Rule of Benedict)
See also Paul the Deacon’s History of the Lombards Book 1 Chapter 26 and Book 4 Chapter
17 where Paul deals with the history of Montecassino:
http://www.northvegr.org/lore/langobard/index.php
General reading: see the list under Lecture Nineteen in ‘General Reading by Lecture’ on
the module WebCT site.
REFERENCE BOOKS
You will constantly find yourself coming up against names of people and places that will
be unfamiliar to you. What is a Visigoth? Who were the Cistercians? When did Abelard
live? Why did Benedict write a Rule (and which Benedict)? Where is Gaul? This is one of
the things that can make the study of history daunting. We don’t assume that you have
this knowledge: one purpose of this module is to make the Middle Ages familiar to
beginners. So don’t despair: help is at hand. On the top floor of the Hallward Library is a
reference section next to the information desk containing encyclopaedias, dictionaries
and other reference works.
Atlases are mostly kept in the atlas stands on Levels 2, 3 and 4, though a few of
them are shelved with the ordinary book collection and these ones can be borrowed.
Modern atlases with gazetteers, e.g. The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World, 11th edn
(2003) G1021 TIM, can be used to find places if you know the modern form of the
place-name. Do also use historical atlases (see below) to study military campaigns,
migrations, trends, trade and so on, but remember that these maps are modern
interpretations and open to debate.
Encyclopaedias: J. Strayer, ed. Dictionary of the Middle Ages, 4/Enc. D114.D4. If
the query is about Anglo-Saxon England, try M. Lapidge et al. ed. The Blackwell
Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England 4/Enc DA152.B5. A word of warning: be cautious
about Wikipedia (anonymous and with no quality control) and about Encarta (not
27
necessarily accurate). Similarly, although the web version of the New Advent Catholic
Encyclopaedia can sometimes be useful on ecclesiastical topics, the information is 1917vintage and on many subjects (e.g. the emergence of parishes) is far out of date.
Chronology: to find out what was happening in a given year, look at H.E.L.
Mellersh, Chronology of the Ancient World 10000 BC-AD799 4/Enc D11.M4 or R.L. Storey,
Chronology of the Medieval World, 800-1491 4/Enc. D11.S8. These are especially useful for
comparing what was going on in different places at the same time. See also the helpful
flow-charts in D. Hill, Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England (Level 4 Atlas Stand, DA152.H4), pp.
28-9, 33, 35.
Family trees: you will find family trees in quite a few textbooks for this period,
though they may not always be singing from the same hymn sheet. The best starting
points are the tables at the back of NCMH, ii and iii, D117.C3, which together cover the
period c.700-1024. These can be supplemented for the period before 700 by the family
trees for the Merovingian Franks in I. Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms, DC65.W6, pp.
344-9, and for the later period by (for France) J. Dunbabin, France in the Making DC82.D8
and (for England) M. Clanchy, England and its Rulers DA175.C5. The tables at the back of
Z.N. Brooke, A History of Europe 911-1198 3rd edn (1951) D102.M4 are also useful.
Historical atlases: R.I. Moore, ed. The Hamlyn Historical Atlas Oversize
D117.H2; Angus MacKay and D. Ditchburn, ed. Atlas of Medieval Europe D117.A8; N.
Hooper and M. Bennett, ed. Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages 768-1487
(1996) Oversize D114.C2; D. Hill, Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England Level 4 Atlas Stand
DA152.H4 – excellent and of wider use than its title suggests; particularly good on
Viking raids. You will also find useful maps in R. McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under
the Carolingians DC70.M2, C. Wickham, Early Medieval Italy DG503.W4 and T. Reuter,
Germany in the Early Middle Ages DD126.R4.
28
GUIDANCE ON HOW TO PREPARE FOR
ESSAYS AND THE EXAMINATION
Essays
The nineteen essay titles are listed above. You are required to make your own
choices of title from those listed above. You MUST NOT write essays to your
own title (JYAs especially take note as this may be different from your usual
practice). Do not exceed the word limit (2000 words) but try not to undercut it by
more than a few words either. Please note that marks are deducted for over length
and/or late essays. Students are strongly advised to consult the School of
History’s Notes for Guidance for information on the format and presentation of
their essays.
Consultation: If you wish to see your tutor to ask for advice about essay writing, make
arrangements to do so in good time and don’t leave it to the last minute. It is often a
good idea to consult with your tutor just to make sure that you have interpreted the
question correctly and that you have identified suitable reading for the topic.
How to write essays:
Use the handout ‘Ten Tips on Essay Writing’ (Learning History module) and consult the
School’s Notes for Guidance.
Remember that the issues raised on the Learning History module – about why historians
write history as they do, about the nature of historical evidence – apply to your other
modules, including this one. Unfamiliarity of subject matter is not an excuse to read
naïvely. Instead, begin with more general and introductory items (e.g. articles in History
Today or chapters in general textbooks), and then move on to more specialist works.
Citation: when writing the essay, acknowledge direct and indirect quotations and take
care over presentation. Try to summarise the views of authors (indirect quotation) rather
than giving verbatim quotations; this will encourage you to develop your own views
about historical debate. List the primary sources and secondary authorities that you
have used at the end of the essay, in a bibliography, giving place and date of
publications as well as authors, editors and titles (follow Notes for Guidance). If
there has been more than one edition of a work, say which one you are using.
How to prepare for the examination:
The examination will take place during the three weeks devoted to exams in late May and
the start of June 2009. It will last two hours and you will be expected to answer two
essay questions and to respond to one of a range of ‘gobbets’ (extracts from primary
sources that you encountered in seminars). You should aim to spend 45 minutes on each
of the two essay questions and 30 minutes on the gobbet.
The format of the exam for V11219 changed last year, so there will be only one past
exam paper of exactly the same sort as the one you will do for you to consult (i.e. the
29
exam for 2010). However, you will find similar essay questions on old exam papers for
V11219 for 2008-9 and for V11115 and V11217 for earlier years, accessible on the past
examination papers site via the Library page on the Portal on the Web.
There will be no restrictions on your choice of essay question, except where questions
are bracketed together with Either/Or. There will be a question corresponding to each
of the seminar topics taught 2010-11, and questions corresponding to lecture themes
where these are not covered in seminars. To answer these questions effectively you
should revise at least six of your seminar topics as deeply and as widely as possible (try to
link them up with the wider range of topics outlined in lectures). In your answers you
may, unless the question specifically tells you otherwise, choose to concentrate on one
particular geographical area (e.g. Italy, England etc), but you should state clearly that you
are doing so in the introductory paragraph of your answer. Even if you concentrate on
one area, try to show awareness of the importance of your topic for, or the influence of
your topic on, other parts of Europe. Try if at all possible to link up topics: e.g.
discussion of kingship should involve exploration of economic resources and cultural
influence as well as an evaluation of political activity.
In the examination, plan your answers before you write down anything: the object of
the exam is NOT for you to write all you know about a given topic, but for you to
argue a case. Read the words of the question carefully – what sort of argument are you
being asked to build up? Finally avoid questions on topics in the exam on which you
have already written a coursework essay. You will be penalised if you substantially
reproduce material in exam answers that you have already included in a coursework essay.
Gobbet:
The available gobbets will be selected from the full range of primary sources that you
have encountered in seminars and will be approximately 100-150 words in length. The
primary source from which each gobbet is drawn will be clearly identified in the exam
paper. Remember, you will only need to respond to one gobbet in the exam.
What is a gobbet?
The gobbet is your analytical commentary on a brief extract from a primary source. It is
not a wide–ranging essay. This exercise requires you to write about the specifics of one
particular source: about the issues of authorship, date, subjectivity, and interpretation;
factual matters relevant to the event or issue at hand; and something perhaps on the
wider context. You should first of all look carefully at the extract itself. Ask yourself what
is the central issue it raises. It should normally be fairly clear, but it is possible that there
may be subsidiary questions as well. You will often find that the central issue will have
been discussed in some of the secondary literature. Then there may be things that need
explaining, such as odd or obscure words or phrases, or individuals who need to be
identified. You need to see if there are other texts or types of texts that relate to this one.
Do they confirm what it says? Do they give a different account? Do they help to further
explain the extract? You need to think about the interests of the author/s and how these
may have shaped the text. Why is he/she saying this? What was the ostensible function
of the document? Sometimes you will find that modern historians have different
interpretations to offer, and you need to discuss these. If you can demonstrate an
awareness of the different ways in which historians have used the type of document from
which the extract is drawn and the problems of interpretation and analysis that are raised
by these differences in approach, then all the better. You may need to set the passage in
context in order to explain it - but a gobbet is much more than a context question. What
30
you need to do above all is to extract as much meaning as you can from the text and
demonstrate an appreciation of the problems of interpretation it presents.
Revising for and writing a gobbet:
 It is impossible to do a really good gobbet simply on the basis of your seminar notes:
you need to go back and read the primary source closely as well as reading more
widely on the source, theme or event that it raises when you are revising your topics
for the exam.
 Keep in mind the need to be concise at all times, in order to fit in as much
information as possible (without resorting to a bullet-point style).
 Try to go beyond simply saying what you or the professional historians think the
source tells us. What problems and issues does the extract (and source from which it
is drawn) raise as a piece of historical evidence?
And finally: we hope you enjoy the module. At the end of the year you will get the
chance to comment on it, and we value your responses very highly.
31
NOTES
32
NOTES
33