The Early Middle Ages Study Guide Chapter 15 Section 1 and 2 1. Fjord 2. Excommunicate 3. Aachen 4. Concordat 5. Otto I 6. Flanders 7. Serf 8. Knight 9. Fief 10. Venice 11. The seas and rivers in Europe were important because they provided safety and opportunities for 12. A Germanic people, the ____, settled the area known today as France. 13. Charlemagne was the first Frankish ruler to believe in ____ for all people. 14. Between A.D. 800 and 900, Europe was invaded by Muslims, Magyars, and 15. In 1073, Pope Gregory VII issued a decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking ____ officials. 16. Under ____, landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services. 17. Two important farming inventions of the Middle Ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and what? 18. Medieval knights followed rules called the code of 19. In medieval towns, the townspeople paid ____ to the lord in exchange for basic rights. 20. Because the buildings were made of wood and closely spaced, medieval cities could be easily destroyed by EssayHow were the rivers important to Europe?