STUDY GUIDE: VIRUS, BACTERIA, MICROSCOPE.
1. What is a virus? ________________________________________________________
2. Why is the virus like a parasite in a host?
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6. What basic structures do all viruses share?
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7. What is a bacteriophage? ________________________________________________
8. Explain how viruses attach to the host cell (lock and key action).
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9. How can viruses multiply? ______________________________________________
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11. What is the difference between an active virus and a hidden virus?
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12. How do doctors prevent viruses?
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13. How can you prevent getting sick from a virus?
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14. Why are viruses not considered alive?
BACTERIA
1. What is bacteria?
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2. Where do you find bacteria?
3. What are antibiotics:
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4. Draw a bacteria cell:
5. How do Bacteria reproduce?
THE MICROSCOPE:
1. Label the parts of the microscope.
Word Bank:
EYE PIECE, NOSE PIECE, STAGE, STAGE CLIP, DIAPHRAGM,
BASE, ARM , FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB, COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB,
BODY TUBE, LIGHT SOURCE, High-power Objective, Low-power Objective
Scanning Objective
2. Write down 5 things you must do to take good care of the microscope:
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3. Write the steps to focus in high power.
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4. What is the resolution in high power?
5. What gives you the biggest area?
ANSWERS
1. What is a virus? A tiny non living particle that invades and multiplies in a living cell.
2. Why is the virus like a parasite in a host? Because it takes control of the cell and
makes it replicate the virus.
6. What basic structures do all viruses share?
* Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
* Protein coat
* Membrane
7. What is a bacteriophage? A virus that infects bacteria.
8. Explain how viruses attach to the host cell (lock and key action): Viruses recognize
the cells they will attack by using the proteins in their membrane (Key) and matching the
membrane to the cell they will invade (lock).
9. How can viruses multiply? By invading a cell, putting the genetic material inside the
cell and making the cell to replicate the genetic material and make more viruses. Those
viruses will pop-up the cell and will invade other cells.
11. What is the difference between an active virus and a hidden virus?
Active will get the cell to produce more viruses right away making you sick. The hidden
virus will stay inside the cell for some time. They don’t make you sick right away.
12. How do doctors prevent viruses? With vaccines.
13. How can you prevent getting sick from a virus? Eat healthy, sleep, wash hands, stay
away from sick people.
14. Why are viruses not considered alive? Because they don’t have the characteristics of
living things: not made of cells, don’t need energy, don’t exchange gases, don’t die, etc.
BACTERIA
1. What is bacteria? A unicellular organism without a defined nucleus (prokaryotic).
2. Where do you find bacteria? Everywhere.
3. What are antibiotics: Medicine that kills bacteria.
4. How do Bacteria reproduce? Mostly asexually by binary fusion where one bacteria
becomes two. Also sexually by exchanging genetic material.
THE MICROSCOPE:
1. Label the parts of the microscope.
Word Bank:
EYE PIECE, NOSE PIECE, STAGE, STAGE CLIP, DIAPHRAGM,
BASE, ARM , FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB, COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB,
BODY TUBE, LIGHT SOURCE, High-power Objective, Low-power Objective
Scanning Objective
2. Write down 5 things you must do to take good care of the microscope:
Always hold it by the arm and base.
Turn it off when you are finished.
Do not get it wet.
Don’t touch the lenses.
Leave it in scanning power when you are finished.
3. Write the steps to focus in high power.
Start by using the scanning objective, focus and then move to low and high
power.
4. Highest resolution: 40 * 10 = 400X
5. What gives you the biggest area? The scanning power.