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7 Grade Social Studies
th
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 88—Erie Canal and American System
January 21, 2014
Focus: What is the difference between nationalism and sectionalism? If there are still sectional differences, can it truly
be called the “Era of Good Feelings?” Why or why not?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will identify and analyze the concepts of nationalism and sectionalism during the “Era of Good Feelings.”
2. I will identify the political, economical, and sectional importance of the Erie Canal.
3. I will identify the political, economical, and sectional importance of Henry Clay’s American System.
Homework:
-Chapter 9.1 and 9.2 Test Thursday 1/23
Handouts:
none
I. Nationalism vs. Sectionalism
II. Erie Canal
III. American System
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Nationalism
Sectionalism
American System
Henry Clay
Gibbon v. Ogden
Erie Canal
Tariff
DeWitt Clinton
New York
McCulloch v. Maryland
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who created the American System?
Why was the South against the American System?
What did the Erie Canal do for New York?
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland? Gibbon v. Ogden?
Notes
Class 88—Erie Canal and American System
January 21, 2014
Early Roads:
 Example: Cumberland Road
 Not easiest/fastest way to travel
Erie Canal:
 DeWitt Clinton
o “Clinton’s big ditch”
 makes New York, state and city, the linchpins of the American Economy for nearly a century
 compressed distance and time in ways that had previously seemed impossible because of its efficiency
 The Erie Canal would run 363 miles. The canal was 40 feet wide and four feet deep. It would later be enlarged
to 70 ft wide and 7 ft deep.
 Some dangers/hardships
o Low bridges
o Traffic jam-locks
o Freezes
What does the Erie Canal mean politically, economically, and in terms of sectionalism?
 Within a few years, the canal was carrying $15 million worth of goods annually, twice as much as floated down
the Mississippi to New Orleans.
o Politically-New York becomes powerful state-money = power
o Economically-New York becomes financial center of U.S.
o Sectionalism-Mid West shipping goods east rather than south
American System:
 Henry Clay
 Synthesis of commerce, agriculture, and industry
o High tariff to protect U.S. manufacturing in the North
o Internal improvements
o North would buy agricultural goods from South and West
 Need BUS
Opposition to the American System:
 Thomas Hart Benton
 Factories are not virtuous
 Tariffs, banks, and internal improvements = privilege for few at expense of others
 South found it easier to transport cotton along their rivers-don’t need internal improvements
 Tariff raised the price of textiles and thus diminished the demand for southern cotton-also increased the cost of
maintaining slaves-tariff did not serve slave holding interests
McCulloch v. Maryland:
o states had no right to interfere with federal institutions-The bank of the U.S. is thus constitutional
o John Marshall Federalist
 loose interpretation just like Hamilton
 Constitution received its power from the people and not the states
 States have no authority over the BUS
Gibbon v. Ogden:
o federal government regulates interstate commerce
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7 Grade Social Studies
th
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 89— Missouri Compromise and Election of 1824
January 22, 2014
Focus: Read the following quote by Thomas Jefferson and then answer this question: What question has filled Jefferson
with terror?
“This momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the
knell of the union. It is hushed, indeed for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence….I regret that I
am not to die in the belief, that the useless sacrifice of themselves by the generation of 1776, to acquire self-government
and happiness to their country, is to be thrown away by the unwise and unworthy passions of their sons, and that my only
consolation is to be, that I live not to weep over it.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the Missouri Compromise and the political and the sectional concept of “balance of power.”
2. I will analyze the election of 1824.
Homework:
-Chapter 9.1 and 9.2 Test Thursday 1/23
Handouts:
none
I. Missouri Compromise
II. Election of 1824
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
John Quincy Adams
Maine
Missouri
Andrew Jackson
William Crawford
Corrupt Bargain
Secretary of State
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who was the “kingmaker” in the Election of 1824? Why?
What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise?
Why was balance of power important in the Antebellum Era?
36°30′ latitude line
Sectionalism
Henry Clay
Balance of Power
Notes
Class 89— Missouri Compromise and Election of 1824
January 22, 2014
Missouri Compromise:
 MO applies for statehood
 James Tallmadge (NY)-MO further of importation of slaves prohibited and all children born after MO admission
b/c free at the age of 25 years old
 Congress thrown into uproar and divided
 MO debate shows South much more devoted to slavery than the Revolutionary Generation
 Southerners would not tolerate Northern participation in ending slavery
 The Compromise
o Maine enters as free state
o Missouri enters as slave state
 Maintains the balance of power
o No slavery above the 36°30′ latitude line
Election of 1824:
 South-William Crawford (GA)
 NE-John Quincy Adams (MA)
 West-Henry Clay (KY) & Andrew Jackson (TN)
 No one wins majority-goes to House of Representatives
 Clay, least number of votes, eliminated from contention, becomes “king maker”
 Corrupt Bargain
o Clay supports Adams for President
o Adams makes Clay his Secretary of State (seen as stepping stone to Presidency)
o Worst political mistake of Clay’s career
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7 Grade Social Studies
th
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 90— Test
January 23, 2014
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 1 pgs. 322-324 (due 1/24)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 326-327 stop at Tariff of Abominations (due 1/27)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 327-329 stop at Jackson Attacks the Bank (due 1/28)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 329-330 stop at Panic of 1837 (due 1/29)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 3 pgs.332-335 (due 1/30)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/31)
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/3
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7 Grade Social Studies
th
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 91— Election of 1828 & Second American Party System
January 24, 2014
Focus: Read the article on the back of this paper. Answer these questions: Is this a clear example of Jacksonian
Democracy? Why? Why would children, women, and African Americans celebrate the election of Andrew Jackson if
they did not have the right to vote?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the election of 1828 as the origins of the second American party system.
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 326-327 stop at Tariff of Abominations (due 1/27)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 327-329 stop at Jackson Attacks the Bank (due 1/28)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 329-330 stop at Panic of 1837 (due 1/29)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 3 pgs.332-335 (due 1/30)
-Read and outline Chapter 10, Section 2 pgs. 330-331 (due 1/31)
-Chapter 10 Test Monday 2/3
Handouts:
Account of Andrew Jackson’s inauguration as witnessed by Margaret Smith
I. Jacksonian Democracy
II. Election of 1828
A. Second American Party System
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Jacksonian Democracy
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Democratic Party
Charles Dickinson
Rachel Robards Jackson
Kitchen Cabinet
John Eaton
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What is the Kitchen Cabinet? Who was in it?
What new political party formed in the Election of 1828?
Why is the Election of 1828 considered “dirty?”
Martin Van Buren
Spoils System
Account of Andrew Jackson’s inauguration as witnessed by Margaret Smith
After a while a passage was opened, and he mounted his horse which had been provided for his return (for he had walked
to the Capitol) then such a cortege as followed him! Country men, farmers, gentlemen, mounted and dismounted, boys,
women and children, black and white. Carriages, wagons and carts all pursuing him to the President's house. . . . [W]e set
off to the President's House, but on a nearer approach found an entrance impossible, the yard and avenue was compact
with living matter."
"But what a scene did we witness! The Majesty of the People had disappeared, and a rabble, a mob, of boys, negros [sic],
women, children, scrambling fighting, romping. What a pity what a pity! No arrangements had been made no police
officers placed on duty and the whole house had been inundated by the rabble mob. We came too late.
The President, after having been literally nearly pressed to death and almost suffocated and torn to pieces by the people
in their eagerness to shake hands with Old Hickory, had retreated through the back way or south front and had escaped to
his lodgings at Gadsby's.
Cut glass and china to the amount of several thousand dollars had been broken in the struggle to get the refreshments,
punch and other articles had been carried out in tubs and buckets, but had it been in hogsheads it would have been
insufficient, ice-creams, and cake and lemonade, for 20,000 people, for it is said that number were there, tho' I think the
number exaggerated.
Ladies fainted, men were seen with bloody noses and such a scene of confusion took place as is impossible to describe, those who got in could not get out by the door again, but had to scramble out of windows. At one time, the President who
had retreated and retreated until he was pressed against the wall, could only be secured by a number of gentleman
forming around him and making a kind of barrier of their own bodies, and the pressure was so great that Col. Bomford
who was one said that at one time he was afraid they should have been pushed down, or on the President. It was then the
windows were thrown open, and the torrent found an outlet, which otherwise might have proved fatal.
This concourse had not been anticipated and therefore not provided against. Ladies and gentlemen, only had been
expected at this Levee, not the people en masse. But it was the People's day, and the People's President and the People
would rule."
Notes
Class 91— Election of 1828 & Second American Party System
January 24, 2014
Second American Party System:
 Created by Martin Van Buren so their wouldn’t be sectional parties
 Democratic party created
Election of 1828:
 “Between J.Q. Adams, who can write/And Andy Jackson, who can fight.”
 One of the dirtiest in U.S. History
 Adams
o Portrayed as aristocratic, intellectual, and un-American
 Jackson
o Attack his character
 Duel/Kills Dickinson
 Rachel
 Was she still married when Jackson married her?
 Were they living together while she was married to another man?
Spoils System:
 Politicians practice of giving government jobs to supporters
Kitchen Cabinet:
 Jackson’s group of informal advisors-met in the White House Kitchen
o Amos Kendall
o William B. Lewis
o John Eaton-Secretary of War
o Martin Van Buren-Secretary of State
o Andrew Donelson Jackson