Essential Biology 5.5: Classification
Sources to use: Allot text (p205-210), Click4Biology, Class presentations, The Habitable Planet
(http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/)
1.
Define taxonomy.
Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification.
2.
In the table below, list the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa and design an acronym to help you
remember them. Using two examples from different kingdoms give all seven levels.
Hierarchical level
Most
diverse
Kingdom
Phylum
Most
Specific
3.
ACRONYM
King
Phillip
PLANT Example:
ANIMAL Example:
Plantae
Animalia
Magnoliophyta
Chordata
Came
Came
Magnoliopsida
Mammalia
Order
Over
Asterales
Carnivora
Family
For
Asteraceae
Felidae
Genus
Good
Arcototos L.
Acinonyx
African daisy
Acinonyx jubatus
species
Sandwiches
Define species.
Species is a term used to describe the taxonomic division that refers to animals of similar structure and descent and
are able to breed among the group.
4.
In the space below, explain how the Linnean binomial system of nomenclature works, paying
attention to formatting conventions.
Eschericia coli
You must capitalize the first letter of the genus and if it is typed, it must also be written in italics. The genus goes
first followed by the species and the species is never capitalized. If you are hand writing the name, it must be
underlined.
E. coli
If you have mentioned the full name previously in your work, you can abbreviate it using a capital letter followed by
a period and the species remains written the same way.
Homo sapiens
5.
Distinguish between heterotrophy and autotrophy. Which feeding method is represented by the
Kingdom Plantae and which by the Kingdom Animalia?
Heterotrophs relies on other organisms for food such as a tiger killing a dear for food. An autotroph is an organism
that can produce its own food from simple substances such as a plant performing photosynthesis.
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Essential Biology 5.5: Classification
6.
Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using external characteristics. Give examples.
Non- vasuclar plants are plants without the systems required to circulate fluids such as veins, these plants
are generally close to the ground because they cannot support a lot of growth such as moss. Vascular plants
have the required systems to transport water throughout the plant and can grow much larger such as trees.
7.
Have a go at using a dichotomous key here:
http://www.scenicoregon.com/webanic/pages/animals.html
Take the opportunity to build your vocabulary while completing this task.
Think of an animal, answer the questions and work through the classification.
No roots or stem, very simple, small leaves,
furry appearance
Roots, leaves and short stems.
No lignin (no wood)
Leaves are divided into sections
and may be curled up
Woody trees, have pine needles for leaves
Roots, stems and leaves.
Produce flowers.
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50 cm
15 m
100m
100m
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Spores released from capsule at
end of stalk (sporangium)
Spores produced in sporangia,
capsules under the leaves
Seeds develop in female cones
Seeds dispersed through fruits
Essential Biology 5.5: Classification
8.
Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using external recognition features and giving
examples. Check your answers here: http://www.scenicoregon.com/webanic/pages/map.html
Invertebrates do not have a skeleton to support them such as jelly fish. Vertebrates have a skeleton that
gives them support such as millipedes who have an exoskeleton.
9.
Distinguish between these terms:
Radial symmetry
vs
Bilateral symmetry
vs
Asymmetrical
Radial symmetry is the symmetry about an axis (starfish). Bilateral symmetry is symmetry about a vertical
plane (mirror image). Asymmetrical is the lack of symmetry.
Motile
vs
Sessile
Motile is the ability to move spontaneously and independantly. Sessile is the lack of movement
independantly.
10.
Design and apply a dichotomous key to distinguish between these Queensland shark
species:
11.
Look at the species names for the sharks in the chart.
a.
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Which of the following pairs is most closely related?
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Essential Biology 5.5: Classification
b.
Stephen Taylor
A.
Black Tip Reef Shark and
White Shark
B.
Grey Reef Shark
and
Shortfin Mako
C.
Grey Reef Shark
and
Winghead
D.
Creek Whaler
and
Black Tip Reef Shark
Explain your answer to a.
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Essential Biology 5.5: Classification
The Black Tip Reef Shark and Grey Reed Shark are the most closely related because out of the 4 pairs they were the
only two who shared the same genus making them the closest to the same species.
c.
Which of the following is/are true for the Great Hammerhead and Scalloped
Hammerhead?
i.They are two subspecies of the same species
ii.
They are two species in the same genus
iii.
They are members of the same order
iv.
They are from different phyla
A.
i only
B.
i and ii
C.
ii and iii
D.
iv only
d.
Which of the following is/are true of all of the sharks in the chart?
i.
i.
They are members of the same species
They are part of the same genus
ii. They are part of the same class
iii. They are part of the same kingdom
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B.
i only
C.
i and ii
D.
ii and iii
E.
iii and iv
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