يعمج ياه هناسر و تاطابترا تلااقم هديكچ
زين و اه هناسر تاقيقحت و تاعلاطم زكرم رد دوجوم يصصخت تايرشن تلااقم لماش ،رضاح نتلوب
يسيلگنا نابز هب يسانش هعماج و تاطابترا ياه هنيمز رد تنرتنيا رد هدش وجتسج تايرشن
.تسا
:تسا هدمآ ريز ياه عوضوم كيكفت هب شخب تشه رد .تلااقم نيا
و يمومع طباور ،نويزيولت و ويدار ،يراگن همانزور و تاعوبطم ،يعمج ياه هناسر ،تاطابترا
اوتحم ليلحت :ب نامتفگ ليلحت :فلا .قيقحت شور و يعامتجا تاعلاطم ،تاغيلبت
يارتكد و سناسيل قوف ياه هرود ياه همان ناياپ هديكچ هب زين نتلوب يناياپ شخب ،تسا ينتفگ
.دراد صاصتخا روشك زا جراخ ياه ها گشناد

C o n t t e n t t
Introduction p a g e
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C o m m u n i i c a t t i i o n
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The communicative structures of journalism and public relations 1
Ekstasis and the internet: liminality and computer-mediated communication
The Lack of Interactivity and Hypertextuality in Online Media
Globalization and Nepad’s Development Perspective
Bridging the Digital Divide With Good Governance
The Internet and Family and Acquaintance Sexual Abuse
‘You show me yours, I’ll show you mine’: the negotiation of shifts from textual to visual modes in computer-mediated interaction among gay men 3
2
3
1
2
Online Competition and Performance of News and Information Markets in the
Netherlands
Access to the internet in the context of community participation and community satisfaction
The Corporate Colonization of Online Attention and the Marginalization of Critical
Communication
Managing IT projects: communication pitfalls and bridges
Not Telling the Whole Story: Teen Deception in Purchasing
Internet Abuse
Addiction? Disorder? Symptom? Alternative Explanations?
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6
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6
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M a s s s s m e d i i a
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Voters in a Changing Media Environment
7 A Data-Based Retrospective on Consequences of Media Change in Germany
Delivering Ireland
Journalism’s Search for a Role Online
Mediatization of the Net and Internetization of the Mass Media
Fractured Fairy Tales and Fragmented Markets
8
8

Disney’s Weddings of a Lifetime and the Cultural Politics of Media Conglomeration
The Murray scheme: advertising and editorial independence in Canada, 1920
9
9
The influence of social environment on internet connectedness of adolescents in Seoul,
Singapore and Taipei
An experimental examination of the computer’s time displacement effects
10
10
The Third-Person Perception as Social Judgment
An Exploration of Social Distance and Uncertainty in Perceived Effects of Political Attack
Ads 11
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P r r e s s s s & j j o u r r n a l l i i s s m
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Media Framing and Foreign Policy: The Elite Press vis-à-vis US Policy in
Bosnia, 1992–95
Convergence: News Production in a Digital Age
A Contemporary History of Digital Journalism
The communicative structures of journalism and public relations
American journalism and the politics of diversity
Two Generations of Contemporary Russian Journalists
‘Bullets as bacteria’
Television news magazines’ use of the public health model for reporting violence
‘The devil’s bargain’
Censorship, identity and the promise of empowerment in a prison newspaper
Method Matters
The Influence of Methodology on Journalists’ Assessments of Social Science
Research
A visual convergence of print, television, and the internet: charting 40 years of design change in news presentation
The method is the message
Explaining inconsistent findings in gender and news production research
Functional truth or sexist distortion?
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Assessing a feminist critique of intimate violence reporting
Shattered Glass, Movies, and the Free Press Myth
Psychology of News Decisions
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18

Factors behind Journalists’ Professional Behavior 19
Delivering Ireland
Journalism’s Search for a Role Online
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19
B r r o a d c a s s t t i i n g ( ( R a d i i o & T V ) )
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Angels, bells, television and Ireland: the place of the Angelus broadcast in the
20 Republic
Television and Minor League Baseball
Changing Patterns of Leisure in Postwar America
Retrieving public service broadcasting: treading a fine line at TVNZ
Informalization in UK party election broadcasts 1966-97
Impact or Content?
Ratings vs Quality in Public Broadcasting
Global Television Distribution
Implications of TV "Traveling" for Viewers, Fans, and Texts
Identifying with Arabic Journalists
How Al-Jazeera Tapped Parasocial Interaction Gratifications in the Arab World
Ready... Ready... Drop!
A Content Analysis of Coalition Leaflets Used in the Iraq War
Murdoch’s dilemma, or ‘What’s the price of TV in China?’
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24
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D i i s s c o u r r s s e A n a l l y s s i i s s
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The ‘Book of Life’ in the Press
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Comparing German and Irish Media Discourse on Human Genome Research 25
‘Lucky this is anonymous.’ Ethnographies of reception in men’s magazines: a ‘textual culture’ approach
25
‘Dear Sirs, I hope you will find this information useful’: discourse strategies in Italian and
English ‘For Your Information’ (FYI) letters
Marketization and the Recasting of the Professional Self
The Rhetoric and Ethics of Personal Branding
"The Rhetoric of Literary Criticism" Revisited
Mistaken Critics, Complex Contexts, and Social Justice

Popular Science Publishing and Contributions to Public Discourse among University
Faculty
Communicating messages of solidarity, promotion and pride in death announcements genre in Jordanian newspapers
Method Matters
The Influence of Methodology on Journalists’ Assessments of Social Science Research
Critical discourse analysis and social cognition: evidence from business media discourse
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A d s s & P u b l l i i c R e l l a t t i i o n s s
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Is Thirty the New Sixty? Dating, Age and Gender in a Postmodern, Consumer
Society
Antifandom and the Moral Text
Television Without Pity and Textual Dislike
Contributions of Music Video Exposure to Black Adolescents’ Gender and Sexual
30
30
Schemas 31
Public aid mechanisms in feature film production: the EU MEDIA Plus Programme 31
Why do Adolescent Girls Idolize Male Celebrities?
Television and Very Young Children
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32
Burnt Orange
Television, Football, and the Representation of Ethnicity 33
Identifying with Arabic Journalists
How Al-Jazeera Tapped Parasocial Interaction Gratifications in the Arab World
The Murray scheme: advertising and editorial independence in Canada, 1920
33
34
Public aid mechanisms in feature film production: the EU MEDIA Plus Programme 34
Stop Pub’: can banning of junk mail reduce waste production? 35
"Monotonous Tale": Legitimacy, Public Relations, and the Shooting of a Public Enemy
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S o c i i a l l S t t u d i i e s s
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Understanding Cyberhate
Social Competition and Social Creativity in Online White Supremacist Groups
Where Freedom Matters
36

Internet Adoption among the Former Socialist Countries
Whose Internet is it Anyway?
Exploring Adults’ (Non)Use of the Internet in Everyday Life
The influence of social environment on internet connectedness of adolescents in Seoul,
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37
37 Singapore and Taipei
Situational Influences on the Use of Communication Technologies
A Meta-Analysis and Exploratory Study
Body Rhythms, Social Rhythms in Digital Societies
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38
A Crisis in Identity
Aborigines, Media, the Law and Politics - Civil Disturbance in an Australian Town
The Labeling Game
A Conceptual Exploration of Deviance on the Internet
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39
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D i i s s s s e r r t t a t t i i o n s s
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The role of the press and communication technology in democratization: The Nigerian case, 1990--1999 41
Unmediating community: The non-diffusion of the Internet in Japan, 1985--2002 42
The use of the Internet as an alternative news source: An examination of Kuwaiti traditional media and the Internet for news processing 43
The role of personal significance: Effects of popular music in advertising on attention, memory, attitudes, and conation 44
Shortwave broadcasting in a new world order: An historical examination of the influences of satellite radio and Internet radio on shortwave broadcasting since the end of the Cold
War 44
45 Social influence effects of advertising using highly attractive models
Cultural influences on the news: A study of the war in Iraq in Swedish and

American media
Producing Indonesia: The derivation and domestication of commercial television
The placement of social messages in entertainment media: A study of social exchange theory
The social implications of children's media use
Radical culture in the digital age: A study of critical new media practice
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49
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50

Communication
Journalism, Vol. 6, No. 1, 90-106 (2005)
Lee Salter
University of the West of England, Lee.Salter@uwe.ac.uk
This article seeks to analyze the communication structures of journalism and public relations, using the communication ethics of Jürgen Habermas. The intention is to use this analysis to draw attention to the differences between journalism and public relations in the interests of good journalism and in the interests of democracy. I do not deny that public relations is an inevitable part of the communication s order but rather that, contrary to some recent suggestions, it is with good reason that good journalists reject the use of public relations techniques in their own practices. The article ends with the suggestion that journalists need to defend their practice in policy and a clearly articulated self-understanding.
Key Words: communication structures • democracy • discourse ethics • ethics • Habermas • intersubjectivity • public relations
New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 47-63 (2005)
Dennis D. Waskul
Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA, dwaskul@hotmail.com
Anthropologist Victor Turner suggested that all social worlds are composed of two parallel, yet seemingly contrasting models: society as social structure and society as communitas. The relationships between these two basic elements of human social and cultural life are mediated by ephemeral experiences of liminality. Other major theoretical traditions also recognize these relationships, representing a distinct conceptual framework of direct significance to advancing understandings of the internet. The internet is a natural environment for liminality and ekstasis, a place where self and society must be made to exist in a process where both are translated into the conventions of the medium.
Some people actively toy with these representations while others do not. However, in the final analysis these communicative dynamics are rooted in the liminal characteristics of the medium - not the motivations and intents of internet users themselves.
Approaching the internet in this way stands in stark contrast to other latent conceptual orie ntations that are largely concerned with moral dynamics.
Key Words: chat • computer-mediated communication s • cybersex • ekstasis • internet • liminality

Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 1, 87-106 (2005)
Tanja Oblak
Centre for Communication Research at the Faculty of Social Sciences (University of Ljubljana), Department of
Communication , tanja.oblak@fdv.uni-lj.si
The main focus of this article is related to the forms of mediated content that are offered in online space. Two specific aspects of new cyber-textuality are discussed - the notion of hypertextuality and the potential of interactivity. Both characteristics are understood as new challenges that reflect specific communication potentials of the internet. In an empirical sense, the article tries to show the extent these significant forms of mediation are used in online media news. For this reason a comparison between media content in print and online media has been made. The findings reveal the lack of interactivity in practice and explore its diversity as a communication form between media producers and reader. Regarding the hypertextuality, the analysis shows the complexity of this concept, which in the realm of news media online is still maturing.
Key Words: hypertextuality • interactivity • internet • newspapers • Slovenia
Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 35, No. 3, 284-309 (2005)
Emmanuel K. Ngwainmbi
Elizabeth City State University
This article describes the cultural and political history of Africa’s contribution to the globalization process, revisits the conceptual and pragmatic relationship between globalization and development, and offers solutions, drawing from published materials retrieved from the Web, libraries, and original New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)sources. Further, it examines the connection between audience agenda setting, international investment, and
NEPAD’s plan for the application of information and communication technology toward the social and economic development of African countries and offers suggestions to NEPAD governing bodies on how to use local sites, business entities, and technology to realize its objectives
Key Words: Africa • governance • international understanding • information technology • globalization • partnership • development

Child Maltreatment, Vol. 10, No. 1, 49-60 (2005)
Kimberly J. Mitchell
David Finkelhor
Janis Wolak
University of New Hampshire
This article explores the dynamics of cases involving family and acquaintance sexual offenders who used the Internet to commit sex crimes against minors. Although the stereotype of Internet crimes involves unknown adults meeting juvenile victims online, Internet use can also play a role in sexual crimes against minors by family members and acquaintances. Data were collected from a national sample of law enforcement agencies about arrests for Internet-related sex crimes against minors. Family and acquaintance offenders were nearly as numerous as offenders who used the Internet to meet victims online. They used the Internet in various ways to further their crimes including as a tool to seduce or groom, store or disseminate sexual images of victims, arrange meetings and communicate, reward victims, or advertise or sell victims. Prevention messages and investigation approaches should be revised to incorporate awareness of such cases and their dynamics.
Key Words: Internet • sexual abuse • offender • youth • family • acquaintance
Visual Communication , Vol. 4, No. 1, 69-92 (2005)
Rodney H. JonesCity University of Hong Kong, enrodney@cityu.edu.hk
This article explores the way users of an online gay chat room negotiate the exchange of photographs and the conduct of video conferencing sessions and how this negotiation changes the way participants manage their interactions and claim and impute social identities.
Different modes of communication provide users with different resources for the control of information, affecting not just what users are able to reveal, but also what they are able to conceal. Thus, the shift from a purely textual mode for interacting to one involving visual images fundamentally changes the kinds of identities and relationships available to users.
At the same time, the strategies users employ to negotiate these shifts of mode can alter the resources available in different modes. The kinds of social actions made possible through different modes, it is argued, are not just a matter of the modes themselves but also of how modes are introduced into the ongoing flow of interaction.
Key Words: chat • computer-mediated communication • cybersex • gay communication • multimodality

Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 1, 9-26 (2005)
Richard van der Wurff
Department of Communication , Amsterdam School of Communication s Research ASCoR at the University of
Amsterdam, R.J.W.vanderWurff@uva.nl
Publishers are intermediaries between original content producers, users and advertisers in the information value chain. Internet offers them an additional channel to accomplish these intermediary tasks, next to the traditional print channel. The emergence of this new communication channel threatens the profitable position of incumbent publishers, because internet reduces market entry barriers for new providers of free information.
At the same time, internet offers publishers new opportunities to develop stronger relationships with users.
Case studies of the online market for news, nice-to-know consumer magazines and need-to-know professional information in the Netherlands suggest that incumbent publishers use these opportunities more aggressively when they face stronger threats from new entrants. The main beneficiaries of the resulting intensified competition between publishers and new entrants are individual information users.
Key Words: competition • internet • news • publishers • the Netherlands
New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 89-109 (2005
Mohan J. Dutta-Bergman
Purdue University, USA, mdutta-bergman@sla.purdue.edu
The introduction of the internet in American life has led to debate among media scholars, sociologists and political scientists about the role of the internet in society. Two areas of research that have received substantial attention in the domain of internet effects are the digital divide and social capital. Digital divide researchers have pointed out the critical gaps in society among different groups in the context of their access to new media and technology. Social capital researchers have focused on the influence of the internet on community life. The article contributes to the literature by (a) consolidating the two concepts of access and community participation to articulate the community correlates of the digital divide, and (b) applying a complementary resource-based perspective to capture the relationship between the internet and community outcomes. It investigates the role of community access to the internet in the context of the participation of individuals in their communities and their satisfaction with community life.
Key Words: community satisfaction • digital divide • internet • social capital

Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol. 29, No. 2, 160-180 (2005)
Lincoln Dahlberg
New Zealand
This article provides a general exploration of the argument that the Internet’s potential for extending strong democratic culture through critical communication is being undermined by a corporate colonization of cyberspace. The article investigates which sites are attracting the attention of participants seeking public content and interaction. The investigation finds that large corporate portals and commercial media sites are dominating online attention for news, information, and interaction, privileging consumer content and practices while marginalizing many voices and critical forms of participation. This situation threatens to limit the Internet’s contribution to the expansion of democratic culture. More research is needed to identify exactly what is being represented on which sites and how different groups are participating. However, the general colonization trend seems clear, and this article concludes by considering public policy options and civil society initiatives that may increase the visibility of marginalized voices and critical communication online.
Key Words: corporate colonization • critical communication • democracy • Internet • online attention
• portal
Journal of Information Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, 37-43 (2005
Sharlett Gillard
School of Business, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
The complex nature of the matrix organizational structure presents a communication paradigm unparalled by any other management position, creating an organizational environment that is uniquely sensitive to interpersonal communication s. This paper discusses the organizational environment typically found in major information systems initiatives as well as some of the interpersonal communication s challenges encountered by the IT project manager. Suggestions are provided as bridges to avoid the pitfalls these challenges present.
Key Words: human communication • project management • non-verbal communication

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 33, No. 1, 79-95 (2005
Terry Bristol
Arizona State University, terry.bristol@asu.edu
Tamara F. Mangleburg
Florida Atlantic University, tmangle@fau.edu
Teenagers may engage in consumption behaviors that their parents may not approve of, as one way of asserting independence. Such behaviors may lead teens to attempt to deceive their parents about purchases. This research examined teens’ tendency toward such deception. The authors conceptualize deception as being related to the family communication environment and the shopping context in which it takes place. Some family communication environments may stifle open discussion of products and purchases, thereby encouraging teen deception. Moreover, certain patterns of family communication may socialize teens to focus on standards exogenous to the family that, in turn, lead to a greater propensity to deceive. Susceptibility to normative peer influence, the extent of television viewing, and teen materialism may partially mediate the effects of the family communication environment.
Except for television viewing, the authors’ predictions are generally supported by the data collected from a sample of high school students.
Key Words: adolescents • deception • family communication environment • socialization • purchase context
Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, 39-48 (2005
Janet Morahan-Martin
Bryant University
As Internet use has proliferated worldwide, there has been debate whether some users develop disturbed patterns of Internet use (i.e., Internet abuse). This article highlights relevant literature on Internet abuse and computer-mediated communication effects that supports and disputes major questions about Internet abuse.
Is the addiction paradigm appropriate for Internet use? Is behavior that has been labeled Internet abuse symptomatic of other problems such as depression, sexual disorders, or loneliness? What are alternative explanations for this phenomenon? Is there adequate research to support Internet abuse as a distinct disorder?
Key Words: Internet addiction • Internet abuse • pathological Internet use • impulse control disorder • computer-mediated communication

M a s s s s m e d i i a
European Journal of Communication, Vol. 20, No. 1, 55-88 (2005
Winfried Schulz
Institute for Social Science, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg D-90020, Germany, winfried.schulz@wiso.unierlangen.de
Reimar Zeh
Institute for Social Science, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg
Oliver Quiring
Institute for Communication and Media Research, University of Munich
The media tization of politics in general, and of election campaigns in particular, seems to be an obvious consequence of media changes during recent decades and of an increasing interdependence between political processes and mass communication. As in many other
European countries, three trends mark such development in Germany: (1) an enormous expansion of supply of new types of media and content genres, (2) the growing importance of television in political communication and (3) the transformation of election campaigning.
Based on election studies and content analysis data, this article examines these changes with regard to their impact on voter behaviour. The article looks for evidence of voter mobilization, television dependency and personalization trends, and discusses potential consequences of a changing campaign style. The findings support and, at the same time, modify some implications of the media tization hypothesis. They concur with recent scepticism about the notion of
Americanization.
The article discusses the results with reference to changes in campaigning strategies, e.g. tendencies towards the secularization of election research having repercussions on research concepts and results
Key Words: Americanization • elections • Germany • media tization • political communication

Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 1, 45-68 (2005)
John O’Sullivan
School of Communication s, Dublin City University, john.osullivan@dcu.ie
Much of the rhetoric surrounding new media has centred on their potential democratically to reform public communication s through more diverse, more open and more accountable journalism and debate. This article details a study of Irish online news, based on observation of a variety of websites and on a series of interviews with journalists, to test whether this potential has begun to be realized and whether practitioners share such a vision. Enhancement of content, interactivity, immediacy, increased depth and new ways of telling stories are some of the possibilities that are present, or at least latent, in online news. But these possibilities are seldom or only partially brought to fruit.
What emerges from observation of online news in action, and from discussions with those providing its content, is far from a revolution in media, but an expression of the cautious continuity, if not inertia, of media content and practice.
Key Words: content • interactivity • journalism • new media • online newspapers
Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 1, 27-44 (2005)
Leopoldina Fortunati
University of Udine, Italy, fortunati.deluca@tin.it
To measure the impact of the internet on the traditional media, researchers usually begin by considering their presence and use online. The hypothesis of this article is that the most crucial measure of the impact of the internet on the classic media does not depend on the more-or-less forced invasion of the internet by the press, radio and television, but is to be sought in other processes. More exactly, it is to be found in the mediatization of the net, both fixed
(computer/internet) and mobile (internet/mobile phone), and in the
‘internetization’ of the classic mass media. These two processes at the same time enable one to measure the impact of traditional media on the internet, making it possible to trace the succession of thrusts and counter-thrusts, modifications and reciprocal incursions, for which the traditional means of communication and the internet have been responsible.
Key Words: internet • internetition • mass media • mediatization • news

Television & New Media , Vol. 6, No. 1, 71-88 (2005
Elana LevineUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, ehlevine@uwm.edu
This article analyzes the institutional and textual features of a Lifetime Television series called
Weddings of a Lifetime.
It argues that the synergistic melding of Disney, ABC, and Lifetime in
Weddings of a Lifetime not only typifies media industry strategies in an age of conglomeration but also evidences the complex textual meanings produced through such institutional practices.
In this case, Disney’s cross-promotional efforts at once bolster and challenge the company’s vested interests in the ideologies of heterosexual romance and marriage. While the linkages between
Disney properties maximize the program’s selling power, those same linkages, along with the series’ blurred generic boundaries and pretensions to "reality," fracture the idealized fairy tale that its stories of romance and marriage ostensibly relate. The article seeks to extend the discussion of media conglomeration into a specific case study to examine the effects of this institutional development on a media product.
Key Words: Disney • Lifetime • media conglomeration • fairy tale • romance • synergy
Media , Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 251-270 (2005
Russell Johnston Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, ricochet@interlog.com
Canada’s capitalist economy faced several challenges in
1919. These threatened the ruling
Conservative Party and its ideological ally, the Canadian Manufacturers’ Association. At stake was control over national tariff policies designed to protect Canadian industry. Gilbert Murray, late of the CMA, believed the press ‘poisoned the hearts and minds’ of Canadians against capital. He organized an advertisers’ boycott of all newspapers opposing the tariff and simultaneously acquired editorial control over several hundred weekly newspapers. He meant to silence ‘anti-business’ papers and thereby blanket Canada with Conservative news outlets in time for a general election due in 1921. Liberal and Conservative editors decried the scheme and its implications for a free press. More interesting, however, was the opposition of the business press, which argued that the scheme would undermine the emerging credibility of advertising itself. The scheme represents that moment in time when the media , advertisers and politicians recognized the social power of modern advertising.
Key Words: advertising agencies • media buying • newspapers

New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 64-88 (2005
Joo-Young Jung
University of Tokyo, Japan, jungiy2003@yahoo.com
Yong-Chan Kim
University of Alabama, USA, ykim@ua.edu
Wan-Ying Lin
University of Southern California, USA, wanying@alumni.usc.edu
Pauline Hope Cheong
State University of New York, USA, pcheong@buffalo.edu
This article examines the influence of the social environment on adolescents’ connectedness to the internet in East Asia, one of the most wired regions in the world. Connectedness is a qualitative conceptualization of an individual’s relationship with the internet, taking into consideration the breadth, depth, and the importance of individuals’ internet experience. This study seeks to situate adolescents’ internet connectedness in three spheres of social environment:
(1) the general social support measured by how easy it is to get help when adolescents encounter problems in using the internet;
(2) the parents, where we examine parents’ socioeconomic status and their internet use; and (3) the peer group, where we look into the proportion of friends who connect to the internet. The results from a survey of 1303 adolescents in Seoul, Singapore and
Taipei support our major hypothesis that among the internet-using adolescents, their internet connectedness patterns differ by the nature of their social environments.
Key Words: adolescents • digital divide • East Asia • internet connectedness • internet use • parents • peers • social environment
New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 8-21 (2005
Xiaomei Cai
University of Delaware, USA, xcai@udel.edu
Past research has presented mixed results in regards to the time displacement effects of the computer. In this field experiment, subjects were asked to give up using the computer (except for school work) for one day. The amount of time shift within each traditional medium between the normal day and the non-computer day was examined.
The results showed that giving up computer use did not increase time allotted to other media .
In addition, no differences in time shifts existed between light and heavy users. Overall, this study provides no support for the claim that using computers takes away time from using traditional media .
Key Words: computer • displacement effects • time shift • traditional media

Communication Research, Vol. 32, No. 2, 143-170 (2005
Hye-Jin Paek
School of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Zhongdang Pan
Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Ye Sun
Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Joseph Abisaid
Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Debra Houden
Department of Communication Arts at the University of Wisconsin-Madison
Although numerous studies have shown the third-person perception, explanation of why and how self-other perceptual gaps occur remains underdeveloped. Conceiving message-effect perceptions as a form of social judgment under varying degrees of uncertainty, this study attempts to demonstrate the responsiveness of the perceptual gap to information on message effectiveness and to explicate the uncertainty-reduction interpretation of social distance corollary. Analyzing data from a survey and an experiment, this study finds that credible information on overall message ineffectiveness leads to reductions in estimated effects of the messages on both self and various others and in self-other perceptual gaps when the other is most distant from self. Consistent with the uncertainty reduction argument, the self-other perceptual gaps are related to perceived similarity of the others and vary in response to labels of the others that cue different degrees of similarity with self. Directions for future studies and practical implications are discussed.
Key Words: third-person effect • perceptual bias • social distance • judgment • uncertainty reduction • effects

Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 42, No. 1, 83-99 (2005)
Yehudith Auerbach
Yaeli Bloch-Elkon
Department of Political Studies, Bar-Ilan University
This study assesses the role of the press in shaping US foreign policy towards an international crisis. It explores the scope of attention, positions, and metaframes used by the Washington Post and New York Times, as well as the US administration’s announcements, in relation to the
Bosnian crisis in its different stages. It is suggested that by discerning and highlighting core US interests and values threatened by the developments in Bosnia – that is, using mainly critical positions and emphasizing humanitarian and security metaframes – the elite press may have pushed the Clinton administration to a more active policy in this crisis. With respect to the differences between the two newspapers, it is found that while both papers expressed criticism of government policy, the Washington Post was much more critical than the New York Times. The main differences between the two papers were in the divergent positions adopted and the different metaframes employed in presenting their respective positions. The central metaframe used by the Washington Post was humanitarian, while the New York Times used primarily frames linked to security and world order. It appears that these two elite papers took upon themselves a dual role in the Bosnia crisis. On the one hand, they served as ‘watchdog’ over the administration’s behavior – expressing criticism and recommending policy; on the other hand, by using meaningful and familiar metaphors, they played an important explanatory role in the realm of public opinion. Examining the role of the elite press in the Bosnia crisis from a combined perspective of Communication and International Relations studies points to the possibility that besides its other roles, the press may contribute to transforming a crisis from a macro-systemic crisis, hardly noted by the decisionmakers, into a micro-perceptional crisis, receiving higher priority from them.

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 597, No. 1, 48-
64 (2005)
Eric Klinenberg
New York University
A paradox of contemporary sociology is that the discipline has largely abandoned the empirical study of journalistic organizations and news institutions at the moment when the media has gained visibility in political, economic, and cultural spheres; when other academic fields have embraced the study of media and society; and when leading sociological theorists have broken from the disciplinary cannon to argue that the media are key actors in modern life. This article examines the point of journalistic production in one major news organization and shows how reportersand editors manage constraints of time, space, and market pressure under regimes of convergence news making. It considers the implications of these conditions for the particular forms of intellectual and cultural labor that journalists produce, drawing connections between the political economy of the journalistic field, the organizational structure of multimedia firms, new communication s technologies, and the qualities of content created by media workers.
Key Words: convergence • news media • newsroom • journalism • sociology of media • local news
Television & New Media, Vol. 6, No. 1, 89-126 (2005)
Ben Scott
University of Illinois
This article documents the history of online journalism , charting its rise with the internet boom of the mid-1990s and its subsequent decline and stabilization within the present news media market.
This history is situated within the larger trajectories of contemporary journalism , paying particular attention to changes in the existing political economic structure of the industry as it assumes digital form, the resultant variations in content and presentation, and the implications for the health of the free press. In the final analysis, this article argues that the move to an online format has exacerbated negative trends that have dogged print journalism for decades. It also extends an existing critique of hyper-commercial journalism by developing the arguments to treat the new institutions and conventions of the digital marketplace.
Key Words: history • journalism • internet • business

Journalism , Vol. 6, No. 1, 90-106 (2005)
Lee Salter
University of the West of England, Lee.Salter@uwe.ac.uk
This article seeks to analyze the communication structures of journalism and public relations, using the communication ethics of Jürgen Habermas. The intention is to use this analysis to draw attention to the differences between journalism and public relations in the interests of good journalism and in the interests of democracy. I do not deny that public relations is an inevitable part of the communications order but rather that, contrary to some recent suggestions, it is with good reason that good journalists reject the use of public relations techniques in their own practices. The article ends with the suggestion that journalists need to defend their practice in policy and a clearly articulated self-understanding.
Key Words: communication structures • democracy • discourse ethics • ethics • Habermas • intersubjectivity • public relations
Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, 5-20 (2005)
Rodney Benson
Department of Culture and Communication, New York University, rodney.benson@nyu.edu
Ethnic-identity professional organizations, such as Unity: Journalists of Color, Inc., have become among the most prominent journalistic voices in contemporary US newsrooms.
Supported by major foundations and media companies, this diversity journalism movement has focused on two primary goals: increased employment of non-white journalists and more news attention to ‘communities of color’. While these goals have been partially achieved, the movement has paradoxically also contributed - by providing ‘progressive’ political cover to marketing-driven transformations of the media industry - to actually reducing the diversity of ideological perspectives in the news. Drawing on research on US news coverage of immigration between the 1970s and 1990s, linkages are made between the increased journalistic valorization of ethnic/racial identities, the rise of multi-cultural marketing, and a sharp decline in media attention to economic inequalities and labor perspectives.
Key Words: immigration • labor • marketing • multiculturalism • news • race

European Journal of Communication, Vol. 20, No. 1, 89-115 (2005)
Svetlana Pasti
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, 33014 University of Tampere, Finland, svetlana.pasti@uta.fi
This study explores the professional roles of Russian journalists, from the perspective of 30 practitioners working in St Petersburg at the end of the 1990s. The aim is to describe how journalism has developed, what attitudes and work values professionals hold and what the prospects for the future of journalism are. A central finding is that there are two types of professional roles within contemporary journalism , representing two types of professional subculture: the old generation (practitioners of the Soviet era) and the new generation (who have joined the profession since 1990).
Whereas the old generation continues to hold a cultivated view of journalism as an important societal task in natural collaboration with those in authority, the new generation is orientated towards the contemporary role of providing entertainment and perceives journalism rather as a PR role for the benefit of influential groups and people in politics and business. Despite their polarities, both generations of journalism accept the political function of journalism as a propaganda machine for the power elite during elections and other important events
Key Words: journalism • post-Soviet era generation • professionalism • Russia • Soviet era generation
Journalism, Vol. 6, No. 1, 24-42 (2005)
Renita Coleman
Louisiana State University, rcoleman@lsu.edu
David D. Perlmutter Louisiana State University, dperlmu@lsu.edu
Surveys of mass media content related to social violence suggest that it generally focuses on the individual, atomistic ‘act’ (e.g. the bang-bang car chase) rather than issues of cause and prevention. Yet, increasingly - but with controversy - doctors, health officials and activists have pushed for a ‘public health’ model of reporting news about crime and violence that looks at interactions between the victim, the agent of injury or death, and the environment in which the injury or death took place rather than viewing it in strictly individual terms. In this study of television news-magazine stories, we found a strong emphasis on episodic and personal stories, with minor allusions to greater social issues. The emphasis on entertainment seemed to negate any promised
‘public health’ angles. We conclude that the challenge for the public health model is to find ‘scripts’ that journalists deem to be publicly consumable and ratings friendly.
Key Words: crime • journalism • news • public health • television • violence

Journalism , Vol. 6, No. 1, 5-23 (2005)
Eleanor Novek
Monmouth University, USA, enovek@monmouth.edu
A free press is necessary for a healthy democracy but how can imprisoned journalists speak the truth to power?
To answer that question, this article maps the development of an inmate newspaper over two and a half years.
In 2001, the author began teaching journalism classes at a state prison for women in the northeastern United States. Following the objectives of social justice research, the classes offered inmates literacy skills, vocational training and social benefits through regular independent publication of a prison newspaper.
Such a publication proved to be a paradoxical ‘devil’s bargain’ - on one hand, a control mechanism employed by prison administrators and, on the other, a potentially empowering aspect of prison culture for inmates.
Yet the intrinsic value of news-making demonstrates itself even in repressive circumstances.
Because prison journalism helps incarcerated people enhance their self-efficacy in pro-social ways, it should be supported as a rehabilitative approach by prison administrators.
Key Words: censorship • empowerment • ethnography • inmate journalism • prison newspaper • women’s prison writing
Science Communication, Vol. 26, No. 3, 269-287 (2005)
Mike Schmierbach
College of Charleston, schmierbachm@cofc.edu
Journalistsmake frequentuse of social science research in news stories, andthis informationcan help shape public opinion and policy. Despite this, few scholars have examined how this coverage is assembled. In particular, researchers have rarely considered how the methodology of social science influences journalists’ judgments. This article uses an experimental design embedded within an e-mail survey of working journalists to compare judgments of a qualitative and quantitative study. Results show journalists consider the quantitative study more accurate and newsworthy.
The article considers how focusing on N and other basic aspects of methodology might influence coverage patterns and distort representations of social science research.
Key Words: news judgments • methodology • social science • journalism

New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 22-46 (2005)
Lynne Cooke
University of North Texas, USA, cookel@unt.edu
Changes in the visual presentation of news media provide insight into the complex, dynamic relationships that exist between print, television, and the internet. This study explores the longitudinal visual development of five major newspapers, seven network and cable news programs, and twelve news websites by examining the progression of structural and graphic design elements that contribute to the trend of ‘scannable’ information presentation. The analysis is broken down by decade, beginning in 1960 and ending in 2002, and the findings indicate that a visual convergence of media has become more pronounced over the decades as the acceleration of information has increased over time. Implications of this study regarding interdisciplinary research are explored and future research avenues are discussed in the conclusion.
Key Words: convergence • newspaper design • news website • presentation trends • television news • visual
Journalism , Vol. 6, No. 1, 66-89 (2005)
Aliza Lavie
Bar-Ilan University, laviea@mail.biu.ac.il
Sam Lehman-Wilzig
Bar-Ilan University, wilzis@mail.biu.ac.il
Whether, and how, gender affects the news product is one of the most challenging areas in the field of gender and the media. This article analyzes the impact of specific research methodologies on findings regarding gender news influence - based on survey questionnaires and in-depth interviews of female and male editors working in Israeli public radio, as well as on content analysis of their editorial product. Based on different results obtained from these qualitative and quantitative methodologies, we conclude that gender/news research cannot rely on either method exclusively, as heretofore has been overwhelmingly the case. Editorial interviewees’ responses can be as unreliable as autobiographies due to socio-organizational exigencies, while content analyses of news product must also be viewed critically as they do not necessarily reflect underlying gender ‘otherness’.
This study discusses the research implications of the findings as well as the extent of ‘real’ gender influence on news product/ion.

Key Words: content analysis • editorial news process • gender • interview • news research methodologies • otherness • questionnaire • radio news and current events programming
Journalism, Vol. 6, No. 1, 43-65 (2005
John McManus
Stanford University, jmcmanus@stanford.edu
Lori Dorfman
Berkeley Media Studies Group, dorfman@bmsg.org
Journalism assumes reporters are able to pursue ‘functional truth’ - an account of issues and events reliably describing social reality. But researchers have often found systematic bias. In reporting about cross-gender violence, critical feminist scholars contend that news media devalue violence against women and often blame the victim while mitigating or blurring the perpetrator’s responsibility. The present study is the first in the USA to test this critique as it applies to reporting the vast social pathology of intimate-partner violence. Consistent with the critique, intimate violence was covered much less often and with less depth than other violence of similar gravity.
In contrast, however, the newspapers studied very rarely blamed female battering victims or mitigated suspect blame.
Key Words: blaming the victim • domestic violence • feminist theory • framing • functional truth • intimatepartner violence • journalism • news coverage • objectivity • violence against women
Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol. 29, No. 2, 103-118 (2005
Matthew C. Ehrlich
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Myth is central to a critical understanding of journalism, communication, and culture. This article uses the 2003 movie Shattered Glass as a case study of the free press myth in action: the popular belief that a privately owned, market-driven press is necessary for the functioning of
American democracy and the survival of a free people. The movie, which has been called the most significant about journalism since All the President’s Men, tells of how reporter Stephen
Glass fictionalized stories for The New Republic magazine before he was found out and fired in
1998.
Contrary to the fears of some journalists that writer-director
Billy Ray’s film would encourage public skepticism toward the press , Shattered Glass actually does what films about journalism more often do: It underscores the press’s centrality in
American life, in particular the notion that self-regulation of the press works.
Key Words: journalism • movies • film • myth • Stephen Glass

Journalism, Vol. 5, No. 2, 131-157 (2004
Wolfgang Donsbach
Dresden University of Technology
This article is about causal explanations for the way journalists report the news. In its first part, the article reviews traditional and current models or theories of journalists’ news decisions, concentrating on news factors, institutional objectives, the manipulative power of public relations by news sources and the subjective beliefs of journalists. It comes to the conclusion that most of these approaches do not explain the underlying processes leading to news judgements.
Starting from these shortcomings and from the assumption that most of journalists’ work is about perceptions, conclusions and judgements, it then attempts to apply psychological theories to news decision-making.
The author holds that two general needs or functions involving specific psychological processes can explain news decisions: a need for social validation of perceptions and a need to preserve one’s existing predispositions.
Empirical data from several surveys and studies among journalists are used to demonstrate the appropriateness of this approach to journalists’ behavior.
Key Words: comparative research • news decisions • news journalism • professionalization • role perceptions
Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 1, 45-68 (2005
John O’Sullivan
School of Communication s, Dublin City University, john.osullivan@dcu.ie
Much of the rhetoric surrounding new media has centred on their potential democratically to reform public communication s through more diverse, more open and more accountable journalism and debate. This article details a study of Irish online news, based on observation of a variety of websites and on a series of interviews with journalists, to test whether this potential has begun to be realized and whether practitioners share such a vision. Enhancement of content, interactivity, immediacy, increased depth and new ways of telling stories are some of the possibilities that are present, or at least latent, in online news. But these possibilities are seldom or only partially brought to fruit.
What emerges from observation of online news in action, and from discussions with those providing its content, is far from a revolution in media, but an expression of the cautious continuity, if not inertia, of media content and practice.
Key Words: content • interactivity • journalism • new media • online newspapers

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Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 271-287 (2005)
Patricia Cormack
St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, pcormack@stfx.ca
This article examines Ireland’s Radio Telefís Éireann (RTE) Angelus broadcast - a one-minute, televised observance of prayer. Two critical tensions are identified in the broadcast. First, while the RTE Angelus apparently portrays modern, everyday people in the Irish Republic pausing to attend to the sound of the Angelus bell, in fact it relies on pre-modern, mythic versions of community and association, themes generated earlier in the 20th century to legitimize the new
Republic. Second, the medium of television structures time and space in a way that does not support such traditional and romantic themes. This contradiction between televised content and form is a typical problem faced by nation-states in that the electronic media used to promote nationalistic sentiment often undermine the traditional themes offered up.
Key Words: Catholicism • media • nationalism • prayer • religion
Journal of Sports Economics, Vol. 6, No. 1, 61-77 (2005
David G. Surdam
University of Chicago
Minor league baseball flourished in the aftermath of World War II. However, a new technology, television, threatened to broadcast major league games across America. The minor leagues contracted by over a third between 1949 and 1953. Was television the culprit as baseball historians suggest? The diffusion of television does not perfectly match the contraction of the minor leagues.
Statistical analysis of television’s effects on minor league teams’ survivability and on surviving teams’ attendance provides mixed support for the historians’ thesis. Instead, the minor leagues over expanded into small towns incapable of sustaining professional baseball when the boom ended.
Key Words: television • minor league baseball

Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, 101-118 (2005
Margie Comrie
Massey University, New Zealand, M.A.Comrie@massey.ac.nz
Susan Fountaine
Massey University, New Zealand, S.L.Fountaine@massey.ac.nz
When New Zealand led the world in its deregulation of broadcasting in the late 1980s, the publicly owned but commercially oriented Television New Zealand (TVNZ) became uniquely popular, attracting two-thirds of the national audience and returning substantial profit dividends to the government. However, in 1999, partly in response to concerns about quality, an incoming centre-left government decided to reverse the trend and reinstate public service values in television through a controversial charter. This article examines the three-year battle to establish the Charter in the mixed broadcasting sector and looks at the possibilities of success in New
Zealand’s small market. TVNZ continues to rely on advertising funding and may have been assigned an impossible task, given the government’s commitment to supporting private creative industries combined with an arguably tardy response to the structural and funding challenges imposed by Charter obligations in the new configuration of state-owned television.
Key Words: broadcasting charters • broadcasting policy • commercialism • deregulation • New
Zealand • television
Language and Literature, Vol. 14, No. 1, 65-90 (2005
Michael Pearce
University of Sunderland, UK, michael.pearce@sunderland.ac.uk
This article uses a novel, quantitatively based method to assess the extent to which UK party election broadcasts in the 31 years between 1966 and 1997 became more ‘informal’. Using the
Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, I identify 28 linguistic
‘markers’ which are salient in the assessment of formality, and count their frequencies in the 37,000-word corpus. My quantitative findings reveal a general increase in informalization over time, which corresponds with judgements made in critical discourse analysis (CDA). But I also discover an anomaly in the broadcasts from 1987, which I explain with reference to the influence of the
Conservative party leader, Margaret Thatcher.
Key Words: critical discourse analysis • informalization • party election broadcasts

European Journal of Communication, Vol. 20, No. 1, 27-53 (2005
Irene Costera Meijer
Department of Communications Studies, Amsterdam School of Communications Research, University of
Amsterdam, Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands, I.CosteraMeijer@uva.nl
Should public broadcasters pay more attention to ratings, even if this will inevitably entail a lowering of quality? Or should they remain loyal to what they have been doing all along, focusing on their core business of quality programming, even if this means that their audience is likely to become smaller in the years ahead? The issue of ratings versus quality continues to haunt public broadcasting as an unresolved dilemma. This article explores the available exit options. Contrary to the view of most involved - those in the industry, academics and literary critics - the article describes how public broadcasters can better achieve their three main objectives (making quality programmes, supplying good information and involving people in a democratic culture), if they pay more attention to their audiences and also consider ‘impact’ as a hallmark of public quality programming.
The ‘enjoyer’, should be taken just as seriously as the familiar ‘citizen’ and ‘consumer’.
The argument is based on the careful analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with 48 professionals that leads to a breakdown of professional TV quality discourse into five different, often contradictory, repertoires - a taxonomy that is more productive than those commonly used
Key Words: entertainment • interpretive repertoire analysis • production study • public broadcasting • quality
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 48, No. 7, 902-920 (2005
C. Lee Harrington
Miami University
Denise D. Bielby
University of California-Santa Barbara
This article focuses on the sale and purchase of TV programs and formats at international trade fairs and its implications for our understanding of global television audiences, fans, and texts.
Through analytic engagement with the core concept of flow, the authors explore three related issues: (a) how viewers and fans are positioned in distribution practices, (b) the ease through which various televisual elements travel through the distribution process, and (c) the limitations of a conceptual reliance on"traveling"discourses to our understanding of global TV trade.
Key Words: global television • television distribution • flow • fan studies

Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 2, 189-204 (2005
Philip J. Auter University of Louisiana at Lafayette, auter@louisiana.edu
Mohamed Arafa Georgia Department of Transportation, Mohamed.Arafa@dot.state.ga.us
Khalid Al-Jaber Qatar, k_aljaber@yahoo.com
Al-Jazeera typifies the West’s perception of the new Arab satellite news channel. Seemingly rising from out of nowhere, the fledgling Al-Jazeera satellite news channel took a western-style cable news format and adapted it to the cultural perspectives of a Middle Eastern audience. As a result, it has become one of the most popular news channels with people in the Middle East and
Arab expatriates around the world. One reason for this popularity may be the result of audiences identifying with their favorite news personalities on the network - possibly even developing a mock-interpersonal relationship with them. This ‘parasocial interaction’ may be linked to viewing levels, perceptions of the network as credible and a number of motives for watching the channel. To test these possibilities, the authors surveyed over 5300 Al-Jazeera users during a two-week period in 2002. They found strong evidence that parasocial interaction is related to amount of time spent with the channel and belief in the network’s credibility.
Key Words: Al-Jazeera • Arab world • parasocial interaction • satellite news
Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 2, 141-154 (2005
Andrew M. Clark
University of Texas at Arlington Department of Communication, amclark@uta.edu
Thomas B. Christie
University of Texas at Arlington Department of Communication, christie@uta.edu
This content analysis of coalition leaflets dropped in Iraq during the recent war is viewed through a framework developed to analyze government international communication efforts to affect international public opinion and policy support. Under the framework, such messages have three main functions: survival, countering disinformation and facilitative communication.
The study’s hypothesis that most leaflets would have ‘survival’ messages is supported. Such messages have the strongest potential to influence public opinion, based on the positive effects of limiting casualties and ensuring economic survival. Messages countering disinformation address enemy propaganda, and messages used for facilitative communication create a friendly atmosphere. The study also analyzed intended audiences and categorized specific leaflet messages. The study is

useful in understanding the nature and effectiveness of government efforts to influence public opinion during times of crisis or war.
Key Words: Iraq • leaflets • psychological operations • public opinion
Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 155-175 (2005
Michael Curtin
University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, mcurtin@wisc.edu
Satellite television figures prominently in scholarly speculation about globalization, since it has the potential to cross boundaries of class, gender, ethnicity and literacy, in addition to nation.
Scholars furthermore suggest that satellite TV moves audiences towards a shared repertoire of images and ideas, thereby encouraging modernization and reflexive forms of representative government. Such lofty speculation fails, however, to take into account the actual operation of media institutions, such as Rupert Murdoch’s Star TV.
Closely examining the development of
Star since 1993, this essay delineates the forces (infrastructural, political and textual) that transformed what aspired to be the first pan-Asian satellite platform into a niche TV service that panders to the Chinese regulators, provincial bureaucrats and subnational advertisers. The article concludes that ultimately forces on the ground are more influential than high-speed conduits in the sky. It consequently interrogates the reputed power of global media moguls and advocates further institutional research regarding globalization of media.
Key Words: China • cultural geography • globalization • News Corporation • Rupert Murdoch • satellite television • Star TV • television

Discourse Analysis
Social Studies of Science, Vol. 35, No. 1, 99-130 (2005
Patrick O’Mahony
National University of Ireland, Cork, p.omahony@ucc.ie
Mike Steffen Schäfer
Department for Sociology at the Freie Universität Berlin, msschae@zedat.fu-berlin.de
The essay compares German and Irish media coverage of human genome research in the year
2000, using qualitative and quantitative frame analysis of a print media corpus. Drawing from a media-theoretical account of science communication , the study examines four analytic dimensions: (1) the influence of global and national sources of discourse ; (2) the nature of elaboration on important themes; (3) the extent of societal participation in discourse production;
(4) the cultural conditions in which the discourse resonates. The analysis shows that a global discursive package, emphasizing claims of scientific achievement and medical progress, dominates media coverage in both countries. However, German coverage is more extensive and elaborate, and includes a wider range of participants. Irish coverage more often incorporates the global package without further elaboration. These findings indicate that the global package is
’localized’ differently due to national patterns of interests, German participation in human genome research, traditions of media coverage, and the domestic resonance of the issue.
Key Words: biotechnology • discourse analysis • frame analysis • globalization • human genome • mass media • science journalism
Discourse & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, 147-172 (2005
Bethan Benwell
UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING, b.m.benwell@stir.ac.uk
In this article I address the contribution that a study of reader reception might make to our understanding of the cultural meanings of the discourse s to be found in and around men’s magazines. Reception is a cultural site often neglected in linguistic analyses of popular cultural texts, which are commonly treated as discrete, autonomous and ahistorical within these approaches. Conversation Analysis of unstructured interviews with magazine readers is one means of accessing contexts of reception, which, unlike many ethnographic approaches, is properly reflexive about the ontological status of its data. The drawback of a strict

ethnomethodological approach, however, is its limited ability in recreating the original context of reading: the interview is arguably a situated account rather than a transparent report of reception. In order to expand the terms of ‘context’ for these interviews, therefore, the article proposes a triangulated method whereby the discourse s and categories identified in talk can be intertextually linked (and indeed are sometimes intertextually indexed within the talk itself) to other communicative contexts in the circuit of culture, such as the magazine text, media debates, editorial identities and everyday talk.
This ‘textual culture’ 1
approach to the analysis of popular culture effectively aims to analyse with ethnographic breadth and in discursive depth, the various, intersecting sites of culture within which the material text is formed - of which reception serves as the focal point for this article - and mirrors recent developments in Critical Discourse
Analysis.
Key Words: circuits of culture • ethnography • intertextuality • masculinity • men’s magazines • reader reception • textual culture
Discourse Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, 109-135 (2005
Carla Vergaro
University of Perugia, vergaro@unipg.it
This article describes a contrastive study of rhetorical differences between Italian and English
‘For Your Information’ (FYI) letters. It is assumed that cultural differences affect discourse genres traditionally considered as standardized, ritual or even formulaic, written business communication being a case in point. It was our goal to investigate how information is presented in business correspondence and what rhetorical strategies are used to elicit compliance by a given readership in a given culture. To answer these questions of an essentially pragmatic and ethnolinguistic nature, our research focused on analysing contrastively a corpus of authentic Italian and English business letters. At the macro-textual level, the analysis focused on rhetorical structure, mainly drawing on the notion of move. At the micro-textual level, the analysis concentrated on the pragmatic use of mood, modality, reference system and meta discourse . This article focuses on the cultural preferences that Italian and English writers show - both at the macro- and micro-textual level - when engaged in ‘For
Your Information’ letter writing. It will be shown that in both languages there are differences in the way in which discourse patterns are organized as well as in the use of politeness.
Key Words: For Your Information letter • genre • meta discourse • modality • mood • move structure analysis • politeness • reference

Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3, 307-343 (2005
Daniel J. Lair
Katie Sullivan
George Cheney
University of Utah
Within the personal branding movement, people and their careers are marketed as brands complete with promises of performance, specialized designs, and tag lines for success. Because personal branding offers such a startlingly overt invitation to self-commodification, the phenomenon invites a careful and searching analysis. This essay begins by examining parallel developments in contemporary communication and employment climates and exploring how personal branding arises as (perhaps) an extreme form of a market-appropriate response. The contours of the personal branding movement are then traced, emphasizing the rhetorical tactics with which it responds to increasingly complex communication and employment environments.
Next, personal branding is examined with a critical eye to both its effects on individuals and the power relations it instantiates on the basis of social categories such as gender, age, race, and class. Finally, the article concludes by reflecting on the broader ethical implications of personal branding as a communication strategy.
Key Words: personal branding • popular management discourse • organizational rhetoric • identity • professional ethics
Written Communication , Vol. 22, No. 1, 76-119 (2005
Laura Wilder
Yale University
Fahnestock and Secor’s "The Rhetoric of Literary Criticism" characterized literary criticism of the 1970s as conservative and self-celebratory. However, although literary theory has since undergone significant change, few rhetorical analyses of recent literary criticism as the preferred genre of a disciplinary discourse community have been conducted. This analysis of 28 articles of literary criticism published between 1999 and 2001 reveals that because of their flexibility, the stasis and special topoi conventions of earlier literary criticism continue to function. However, the shared values assumed in literary criticism have shifted away from a preference for isolated meditation on textual particulars. Instead, criticism is now portrayed as a conversation in which knowledge about literary texts and their historical contexts is socially negotiated and accumulative.
Moreover, this scholarly project is frequently assumed to work toward social justice. The article ends with implications for understanding how knowledge is built within disciplinary communities.

Key Words: disciplinarity • disciplinary rhetoric • stasis theory • argumentation • rhetorical analysis • writing in the disciplines • writing in the humanities • warrants • topoi
Science Communication , Vol. 26, No. 3, 288-311 (2005
Svein Kyvik
Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Education—Centre for Innovation Research, svein.kyvik@nifu.no
This article explores the roles of university faculty as popularizers of research and as public intellectuals contributing to public discourse through publishing articles for a lay public. Mail surveys undertaken in 1992 and 2001 among faculty members at Norwegian universities show that academic staff in the humanities and social sciences published more popular scientific articles and contributed more to public debate than their fellow colleagues in the natural and medical sciences and technology. Prolific scientists were more active in publishing for a lay public than less productive faculty members, and a small number of academic staff accounted for a disproportionate number of articles.
Key Words: popular science • popularization • public debate • lay public • civic scientist
Discourse & Society, Vol. 16, No. 1, 5-31 (2005
Mohammed N. Al-Ali
Jordan University of Science and Technology, alali@just.edu.jo
This study examined various manifestations of the obituary announcement genre in Arabic to see what generic structures are common in a variety of death announcements, and what communicative functions are articulated by their generic components. Drawing on a corpus of
200 announcements randomly collected from two Jordanian daily newspapers, I identified two types of obituary announcements; one communicates a normal death, whereas the other celebrates an unusual death, termed a ‘martyr’s wedding’. I identified nine recurrent components in the death announcements, reflecting the sociocultural norms, practices and beliefs that give rise to these two distinct, yet related, communicative events. Despite observed similarities in their generic components and their overall communicative purpose, the ‘martyr’s wedding’ notices were found to incorporate promotion of the deceased and communicate a feeling of pride and honor on the part of the announcer. I hope that the results of this study will be of help in further understanding sociocultutral factors that influence this communicative event and provide greater insight into the relationship between genres as social communicative events.
Key Words: genre analysis • martyr’s wedding • obituary announcements • sociocultural factors

Science Communication , Vol. 26, No. 3, 269-287 (2005
Mike Schmierbach
College of Charleston, schmierbachm@cofc.edu
Journalistsmake frequentuse of social science research in news stories, andthis informationcan help shape public opinion and policy. Despite this, few scholars have examined how this coverage is assembled. In particular, researchers have rarely considered how the methodology of social science influences journalists’ judgments. This article uses an experimental design embedded within an e-mail survey of working journalists to compare judgments of a qualitative and quantitative study. Results show journalists consider the quantitative study more accurate and newsworthy.
The article considers how focusing on N and other basic aspects of methodology might influence coverage patterns and distort representations of social science research.
Key Words: news judgments • methodology • social science • journalism
Discourse & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, 199-224 (2005
Veronika Koller
Lancaster University, v.koller@lancaster.ac.uk
This article aims at reconciling Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and cognitive linguistics, particularly metaphor research. Although the two disciplines are compatible, efforts to discuss metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon have been scarce in the CDA tradition.
By contrast, cognitive metaphor research has recently developed to emphasize the embodied, i.e. neural, origins of metaphor at the expense of its sociodiscursive impact. This article takes up the concept of social cognition, arguing that it organizes the modification of, and access to, cognitive resources, with metaphoric models playing a particularly salient role in the constitution of ideology. In a cyclical process, ideology will help particular models gain prominence in discourse , which will, in turn, impact on cognition. To illustrate the point, the article draws on an extensive corpus of business magazine texts on mergers and acquisitions, showing how that particular discourse centres on an ideologically vested metaphoric model of evolutionary struggle.
Key Words: business media discourse • CDA • cognitive linguistics • metaphor • social cognition

A d s s & P u b l l i i c R e l l a t t i i o n s s
Sociology, Vol. 39, No. 1, 89-106 (2005
Elizabeth Jagger
Glasgow Caledonian University, L.Jagger@gcal.ac.uk
Based on a content analysis of 1094 advertisements, the article extends the author’s previous research on dating by examining how age and gender intersect to influence the age at which people advertise, their choice of partner and how they manage aspects of their age identity.
Locating analyses in the context of a postmodern, consumer culture, it shows that young men and older women are most likely to advertise.
It reveals that the maintenance of traditional age differentials varies according to age group. It argues that intimations of a reversal in tradition are discernible in that some older women now seek younger men.
It concludes that in a culture that gives primacy to youth, assembling an age identity is problematic, not only for women but also for the chronologically young.
Key Words: age • dating advertisements • gender • self-identity
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 48, No. 7, 840-858 (2005
Jonathan Gray
University of California-Berkeley
Opposed and yet in some ways similar to the fan is the antifan: he or she who actively and vocally hates or dislikes a given text, personality, or genre. By studying antifan discussion and postings at the Web site Television Without Pity, this article examines antifan interaction with the television text. Focusing on the ensuing splintering of this text into aesthetic, moral, and rationalrealistic dimensions, it is argued that antifan engagement with television forces a reevaluation of existing assumptions of textual ontology and of audience behavior and consumption.
Key Words: fandom • antifandom • textuality • morality • television • audiences

Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 20, No. 2, 143-166 (2005
L. Monique Ward
University of Michigan, ward@umich.edu
Edwina Hansbrough
University of Michigan
Eboni Walker
Spelman College
Although music videos feature prominently in the media diets of many adolescents, little is known of their impact on viewers’ conceptions of femininity and masculinity. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of both regular and experimental music video exposure on adolescent viewers’ conceptions about gender. Across two testing sessions, 152 African American high school students completed survey measures assessing their regular media usage and gender role attitudes, and later they were exposed to either four stereotypical music videos or four nonstereotypical music videos and responded to additional measures examining their attitudes about gender. As expected, more frequent music video viewing was associated with more traditional gender role attitudes and with assigning greater importance to specific stereotypical attributes. Similarly, students exposed to videos laden with gender stereotypes expressed more traditional views about gender and sexual relationships than did those who had viewed less stereotypical content.
Key Words: gender roles • media effects • African Americans • music videos • sexual attitudes
Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 229-250 (2005
Victor Henning
Bauhaus-University of Weimar, Germany, victor.henning@medien.uni-weimar.de
Andre Alpar
Wissenschaftliche Hochschule für Unternehmensführung (WHU), Germany, andre.alpar@whu.edu
In 2002, the third generation of the EU’s support programme for the European film industry, the
MEDIA Plus Programme, was launched. Despite 12 years of integrated efforts, European cinema still does not seem to be able to compete with its American peers.
This led us to question the effectiveness and strategy of MEDIA Plus. As we point out in our analysis, the present approach addresses the film industry’s symptoms rather than its problems. We draw the conclusion that the lines of action taken by MEDIA Plus may well have counterproductive outcomes as they are not designed to overcome the structural fragmentation that holds back the industry. Possible corrections to MEDIA’s strategy are then outlined.

Key Words: EU media/audiovisual policy • motion picture management and financing • movie support scheme strategy
Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 20, No. 2, 263-283 (2005
Yuna Engle
Knox College
Tim Kasser
Knox College, tkasser@knox.edu
Girls often idolize male celebrities, but this phenomenon has been studied little. The authors therefore assessed celebrity idolization among 142 junior high school girls and found that girls who strongly idolized a male celebrity had more experience dating, reported secure and preoccupied attachments to same-age boys, and were rated higher in materialism. Higher idolizers also engaged in more interactive and sedentary activities. Girls who strongly idolize male celebrities thus like boys more in general and buy into other aspects of commercial culture.
Key Words: adolescent girls • celebrity idolization • attachment • materialism
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 48, No. 5, 505-522 (2005
Daniel R. Anderson
University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Anderson@psych.umass.edu
Tiffany A. Pempek
University of Massachusetts-Amherst
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that children younger than 24 months of age not be exposed to television.
Nevertheless, television programs and home videos are increasingly produced for very young children. This article reviews the extant research concerning television and very young children with respect to the AAP recommendation. More very young children are currently watching television than in the recent past; they pay substantial attention to TV programs and videos made for them. When learning from videos is assessed in comparison to equivalent live presentations, there is usually substantially less learning from videos. Although one study finds positive associations of language learning with exposure to some children’s
TV programs, other studies find negative associations of viewing with language, cognitive, and attentional development. Background TV is also a disruptive influence. Evidence thus far indicates that the AAP recommendation is well taken, although considerably more research is needed .
Key Words: television • children • infants • attention • media

Television & New Media, Vol. 6, No. 1, 49-69 (2005
Joke Hermes
University of Amsterdam, hermes@hum.uva.nl
The Dutch tend to see themselves as a tolerant and antiracist nation, despite frequent evidence to the contrary. One area in cultural life that is both a site of stardom for nonwhite Dutch and a site of extreme racism and prejudice is popular sports and especially football (or soccer). Games played by the national soccer team are major events, in particular when the team comes near the finals in a European or world championship.
In such cases, practices of television viewing run over into public social life and carnivalesque outbursts of sports loving and nationalist joy. This article will draw on interviews held with soccer fans that focused on nationalism and ethnicity.
The author is interested in the pleasures of television sports viewing and football fandom, and in the representation of the male body (often signified in explicitly ethnic and racial terms) in television sports reporting as perceived by audiences.
Key Words: football • sport television • gender • ethnicity • sexualization • representation • citizenship
Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 2, 189-204 (2005
Philip J. Auter
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, auter@louisiana.edu
Mohamed Arafa
Georgia Department of Transportation, Mohamed.Arafa@dot.state.ga.us
Khalid Al-Jaber
Qatar, k_aljaber@yahoo.com
Al-Jazeera typifies the West’s perception of the new Arab satellite news channel. Seemingly rising from out of nowhere, the fledgling Al-Jazeera satellite news channel took a western-style cable news format and adapted it to the cultural perspectives of a Middle Eastern audience. As a result, it has become one of the most popular news channels with people in the Middle East and
Arab expatriates around the world. One reason for this popularity may be the result of audiences identifying with their favorite news personalities on the network - possibly even developing a mock-interpersonal relationship with them. This ‘parasocial interaction’ may be linked to viewing levels, perceptions of the network as credible and a number of motives for watching the channel. To test these possibilities, the authors surveyed over 5300 Al-Jazeera users during a two-week period in 2002. They found strong evidence that parasocial interaction is related to amount of time spent with the channel and belief in the network’s credibility.

Key Words: Al-Jazeera • Arab world • parasocial interaction • satellite news
Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 251-270 (2005
Russell Johnston
Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, ricochet@interlog.com
Canada’s capitalist economy faced several challenges in
1919. These threatened the ruling
Conservative
Party and its ideological ally, the Canadian Manufacturers’ Association. At stake was control over national tariff policies designed to protect Canadian industry. Gilbert Murray, late of the CMA, believed the press ‘poisoned the hearts and minds’ of Canadians against capital. He organized an advertisers’ boycott of all newspapers opposing the tariff and simultaneously acquired editorial control over several hundred weekly newspapers. He meant to silence ‘anti-business’ papers and thereby blanket Canada with Conservative news outlets in time for a general election due in 1921. Liberal and Conservative editors decried the scheme and its implications for a free press. More interesting, however, was the opposition of the business press, which argued that the scheme would undermine the emerging credibility of advertising itself. The scheme represents that moment in time when the media, advertisers and politicians recognized the social power of modern advertising .
Key Words: advertising agencies • media buying • newspapers
Media, Culture & Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, 229-250 (2005
Victor Henning
Bauhaus-University of Weimar, Germany, victor.henning@medien.uni-weimar.de
Andre Alpar
Wissenschaftliche Hochschule für Unternehmensführung (WHU), Germany, andre.alpar@whu.edu
In 2002, the third generation of the EU’s support programme for the European film industry, the
MEDIA Plus Programme, was launched. Despite 12 years of integrated efforts, European cinema still does not seem to be able to compete with its American peers.
This led us to question the effectiveness and strategy of MEDIA Plus. As we point out in our analysis, the present approach addresses the film industry’s symptoms rather than its problems. We draw the conclusion that the lines of action taken by MEDIA Plus may well have counterproductive outcomes as they are not designed to overcome the structural fragmentation that holds back the industry. Possible corrections to MEDIA’s strategy are then outlined.
Key Words: EU media/audiovisual policy • motion picture management and financing • movie support scheme strategy

Waste Management & Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 87-91 (2005
Annie Resse
Cemagref, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427 35044, Rennes Cedex, France. Tel: +33 2 23 48 21 21; fax: + 33 2 23 48
21 15 annie.resse@cemagref.fr
According to the new regulations on junk mail management to be adopted in France, both producers and distributors must participate in the recycling process. This case study was carried out in 2000 in four sectors in the
Département of Charente in the south west of France. This report presents the quantities of junk mail in residual waste and in separate collections.
The conclusion is that the new regulations may reduce overall domestic waste production by 2–4%, with the impact on separately collected paper being some 20%.
Key Words: Junk mail • waste • separate collection • composition • quantity • wmr 768–1
Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol. 28, No. 2, 157-170 (2004
Matthew Cecil
Gaylord College of Journalism;University of Oklahoma.
On April 6, 1939, FBI agents shot and killed America’s
"Public Enemy Number One" as he exited a St. Louis hamburger shop. Agents on the scene claimed the man, Ben Dickson, refused to surrender and threatened agents with two guns he carried.
FBI documents and witness accounts, however, show that Dickson was shot in the back as he tried to run away from agents.
Confronted by critics in the news media who questioned the legitimacy of the shooting, FBI officials in Washington worked with agents on the scene to concoct a version of events more amenable to the heroic media portrayals they preferred. Using FBI files released under the
Freedom of Information Act and media accounts, this study explores the bureau’s behind-thescenes work to legitimize the shooting and its use of the revised version of events as a public relations device demonstrating the bureau’s responsibility and utility.
Key Words: FBI • public relations • legitimacy • Dickson • J. Edgar Hoover

S o c i i a l l S t t u d i i e s s
Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, 68-76 (2005)
Karen M. Douglas Keele University
Craig Mcgarty
Ana-Maria Bliuc
Girish Lala Australian National University
This study investigated the self-enhancement strategies used by online White supremacist groups.
In accordance with social identity theory, we proposed that White supremacist groups, in perceiving themselves as members of a high-status, impermeable group under threat from outgroups, should advocate more social conflict than social creativity strategies. We also expected levels of advocated violence to be lower than levels of social conflict and social creativity due to legal constraints on content.
As expected, an analysis of 43 White supremacist web sites revealed that levels of social creativity and social conflict were significantly greater than were levels of advocated violence. However, contrary to predictions, the web sites exhibited social creativity to a greater extent than they exhibited social conflict. The difference between social creativity and social competition strategieswas not moderated by identifiability. Results are discussed with reference to legal impediments to overt hostility in online groups and the purpose of socially creative communication .
Key Words: cyberhate • social competition • conflict • violence • social creativity • White supremacists
Gazette, Vol. 67, No. 2, 173-187 (2005
Daniela V. Dimitrova Iowa State University, danielad@iastate.edu
Richard Beilock University of Florida, RPBeilock@ifas.ufl.edu
The goal of this study was to explore inter-country differences in Internet connectivity among the formerly socialist countries of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Of particular interest was investigating if, in a region where per capita income and infrastructure differences are not extreme, other factors would become the dominant determinants.
The results of the multivariate analysis show that the openness of society and cultural factors, using religion as a proxy, play critical roles. Countries with higher levels of civil liberties and those with
Christian majority populations tend to have higher Internet connectivity .
Key Words: digital divide • former socialist countries • global Internet diffusion • inter-country • Internet connectivity • Internet use

European Journal of Communication, Vol. 20, No. 1, 5-26 (2005
Neil Selwyn School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff
CF10 3WT, UK, selwynnc@cardiff.ac.uk
Stephen Gorard Department of Educational Studies, University of York, UK
John Furlong Department of Educational Studies, University of Oxford, UK
It is acknowledged that communication researchers need to develop more sophisticated and nuanced accounts of the social and individual dynamics of the internet in everyday life. Based on a household survey of 1001 adults with 100 in-depth follow-up interviews, the present article explores people’s (non)use of the internet by asking: (1) who is (and who is not) using the internet in everyday life; (2) for what purposes people are using the internet and how are they developing their own constructions of the internet; and (3) how these understandings and uses of the internet are shaped by existing socioeconomic factors and circumstances. From this basis the article goes on to identify the key issues underlying adults’ (non)use of the internet in terms of interest, relevance, mediation of significant others and the role of household dynamics. It also considers, from this basis, how non-users may be encouraged to make use of the internet.
Key Words: computers • digital divide • internet • social shaping • worldwide use
New Media & Society, Vol. 7, No. 1, 64-88 (2005
Joo-Young Jung University of Tokyo, Japan, jungiy2003@yahoo.com
Yong-Chan Kim University of Alabama, USA, ykim@ua.edu
Wan-Ying Lin University of Southern California, USA, wanying@alumni.usc.edu
Pauline Hope Cheong State University of New York, USA, pcheong@buffalo.edu
This article examines the influence of the social environment on adolescents’ connectedness to the internet in East Asia, one of the most wired regions in the world. Connectedness is a qualitative conceptualization of an individual’s relationship with the internet, taking into consideration the breadth, depth, and the importance of individuals’ internet experience. This study seeks to situate adolescents’ internet connectedness in three spheres of social environment:
(1) the general social support measured by how easy it is to get help when adolescents encounter problems in using the internet; (2) the parents, where we examine parents’ socioeconomic status and their internet use; and (3) the peer group, where we look into the proportion of friends who connect to the internet. The results from a survey of 1303 adolescents in Seoul, Singapore and
Taipei support our major hypothesis that among the internet-using adolescents, their internet connectedness patterns differ by the nature of their social environments.
Key Words: adolescents • digital divide • East Asia • internet connectedness • internet use • parents • peers • social environment

Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 42, No. 1, 4-27 (2005
Bart van den Hooff
University of Amsterdam
Jasper Groot
Demon Internet, Amsterdam
Sander de Jonge
LogicaCMG, Amstelveen
As communication technologies such as e-mail have become indispensable for business communication, the study of the use and effects of such technologies is increasingly relevant. In this article, the authors present a model of the different factors influencing e-mail use in organizations. Building on three theoretical approaches concerning the adoption and use of communication technologies, they present a meta-analysis of recent studies about e-mail use in organizations. The results of the analysis form the basis for a model explaining e-mail use. A first validation of the model using survey methodology is presented.
Key Words: communication technologies • media choice theory • e-mail • meta-analysis • organizational communication
Current Sociology, Vol. 53, No. 2, 237-273 (2005
Bianca Maria Pirani
This article focuses on the notion of ‘technique of the body’ classically elaborated by Marcel
Mauss in order to affirm the body in action as a relational matrix of the digital sociality. The mind computational theory applied to the digital calculator has reduced the body to an intransitive locus of action. The system of symbols that connects the biological body with its sociocultural performance has in fact caused the ‘exile of experience’ and the reduction of contingency to a ‘non-necessary existence’. Technology is the real counterpart in the world of relationships and processes that evolve and develop in the biological body. Modern western thought has considered technology as an ‘objective system’ of relationships external to action, transforming the biological body in the conflictual threshold of action in society. This article applies the notion of ‘body technique’ to genetic determination and to the synchronism of body rhythms, proposing it as a methodological key, useful to reconstruct the relational fragmentation that afflicts today digital societies.
Key Words: bodyframe • cyberspace • interval • social memory • technique of the body

Critique of Anthropology, Vol. 25, No. 1, 59-85 (2005
Barry Morris
School of Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, barry.morris@newcastle.edu.au
This article considers the interpretations of a ‘riot’ that took place between Aborigines and police in a small rural town, Brewarrina, in New South Wales in 1986. The ‘riot’ achieved widespread national coverage. My concern here will be to analyse the representations of the
‘riot’ in the newspapers, television and in the trial of the ‘rioters’ that followed. The analysis of the ‘riot’ seeks to consider the shifts and changes of social and political processes of the
Australian state that perform such a critical part in the continual defining and redefining of
Aboriginal identity. The Brewarrina ‘riot’ acted as a switch point, where both conservative and liberal polity contested the changing nature of Aboriginal autonomy and polity within the
Australian state.
The images from the ‘riot’ provided fertile grounds for the reworking and reassertion of a conservative polity in a period that had seen marked liberal political change within the limitations of legal-bureaucratic reforms of the welfare state.
Key Words: Aboriginal representation • Australian indigenous policy • indigenous rights • neo-liberal governance • racial conflict
Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, 93-107 (2005
Janice Denegri-Knott
Jacqui Taylor Bournemouth University
This article draws on sociological and psychological theory to explore the meaning application of deviance to behaviors observed on the Internet. First, definitions of deviancein online and offline contexts are discussed. Observations of the Internet as a so-called yet-to-be-normalized environment present a conflicting scenario for labeling emergent behaviors as deviant. The question stands as to whether devianceis an appropriate term to apply to some behavior observed on the Internet. The second section examines deviance on the Internet at a macro, cybercultural level and at a micro, communication al level using two key examples to illustrate some of the issues raised earlier in defining deviance. The sharing of mp3 files is used as an example to illustrate problems in definition at a macro level and at a microlevel; psychological approximations to normative and antinormative communication on the Net are discussed, using flaming as an example.
Key Words: deviance • deviant behavior • Internet • computer-mediated communication (CMC)

UMI

AAT 3146730
TITLE The role of the press and communication technology in democratization: The Nigerian case, 1990--1999
AUTHOR Agbese, Aje-Ori Anna
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL BOWLING GREEN
STATE UNIVERSITY DATE
2004 PAGES 229
ADVISER
ISBN 0-496-05089-3
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS
(0708); JOURNALISM (0391); HISTORY,
AFRICAN (0331)
This research examined the press and communication technology's role in political transitions, particularly democratization, in
Nigeria in the 1990s. In the 1990s, Nigeria like several Asian, African, Eastern
European and Latin American countries underwent transition programs to return to democracy. Democracy was the chosen political structure for various reasons, including the end of the cold war and need for international loans. Nigeria's democratization in the 1990s was a civil and international movement to free Nigeria from over 20 years of authoritarian military rule.
The Nigerian press participated in the movement and sometimes used guerilla tactics to keep Nigerians informed in the
1990s. Military leaders responded with force, jailing, arresting and assassinating journalists. A few news organizations were also bombed. The purpose of this study was to determine the Nigerian press' agenda regarding Nigeria's democratization in the
1990s, communication technology's contributions, and the challenges Nigerian journalists faced in performing their roles in the process. The study posed four research questions along these lines. Using the agenda setting theory as a guide, the study used qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (content analysis) research methods to answer the research questions.
The researcher analyzed the contents of four
Nigerian publications (two newspapers and two news magazines) to determine the press' agenda in the 1990s concerning democratization and military rule. Also, ten
Nigerian journalists were interviewed to determine the press's role in the process and the challenges journalists faced in pushing for democratization. The study found that the Nigerian press' agenda in the 1990s was that military rule should end and Nigeria should democratize. One thousand three hundred and thirteen stories appeared in the
1990s in the publications, pushing this agenda. The stories appeared along seven major themes. The participants said creating such an agenda was based on the belief that military rule was unfashionable, a failure, and more importantly, Nigerians wanted an end to military rule. The major challenges faced included the military government, the

Nigerian public and environmental pressures. Moreover, available communication technologies like computers, cell phones, emails and the
Internet helped the press to push for democracy. They also made journalism practice more effective in the 1990s. The study concluded that the Nigerian press and communication technology played important roles in Nigeria's democratization in the
1990s.
AAT 3116963
TITLE Unmediating community: The non-diffusion of the Internet in Japan, 1985--
2002
AUTHOR Akiyoshi, Mito
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY
OF CHICAGO
DATE 2004 PAGES 260
ADVISER
SUBJECT SOCIOLOGY, GENERAL (0626);
MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708)
Existing sociological research on communication technology tends to desensationalize its object of study in an effort to disclaim technological deterministic accounts of its impact on community. Daniel
Boorstin has argued, “the telephone was only a convenience, permitting
Americans to do more casually and with less effort what they had already been doing before” (Boorstin
1973:72–3). Similarly, Claude
Fischer finds that “Americans apparently used home telephones to widen and deepen existing social patterns rather than to alter them” (Fischer
1992:262). Such an emphasis on the conservative rather than revolutionary development of new technology is a sound and valuable approach toward rigorous analysis of social implications of communication technology. It is crucial, at the same time, to attend to the emergence of genuinely new types of interaction and the re-prioritizing of existing relationships.
Cultural codes that govern communicative practices do more than just naturalize and legitimate a new medium. They are also employed for experimental modes of community building. The Internet is used both to maintain existing social ties and cultivate new forms of associations and community that would be otherwise impossible. <italic>Hypotheses</italic>. As a case in point, uses of the Internet in Japan are explored. The case of the Internet in
Japan is an excellent example of community experiments with a new communication technology constrained as well as enabled by traditional norms and values. I expect that the relative invisibility of the Internet in
Japan is explained, not by the absence of the interest in the technology among the general public or by blind allegiance to traditional practices of communication, but by

availability of alternative technology and by the very selective deployment of communicative possibilities offered by the
Internet. <italic>Methods</italic>. A history of the Internet in Japan. Statistical analysis of Internet user surveys. An ethnography of a virtual community.
<italic>Results</italic>. When the Internet is used for a substitute for other communication media, concern toward traditional norms influences the manner in which the Japanese make use of the Internet.
The relatively well-defined system of values and norms, however, does not discourage them from trying out new ways of socializing.
AAT 3137777
TITLE The use of the Internet as an alternative news source:
An examination of Kuwaiti traditional media and the
Internet for news processing
AUTHOR Al-Matrouk, Aliah
Fouad
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY
OF MEMPHIS
DATE 2004
PAGES 84
ADVISER
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708)
This paper investigated whether the Kuwaiti audience still uses foreigner media or if they have increased their reliance on the Internet as an alternative news source within the state-controlled news media environment of
Kuwait. To investigate this phenomenon, the researcher drew upon uses-andgratifications theory as a framework in order to explain the audience motives of using the Internet. Moreover, the paper focused extensively on news processing using message processing theory as a news source and the traditional media and online news sources. In addition to these theories, agenda setting theory was used to explain the selection and presentation of traditional media messages by traditional governmentcontrolled Kuwaiti news sources. Finally, the researcher was interested in measuring the differences between television news and
Internet news in terms of perceptions of neutrality and biases; the perception of political online news; the characteristics of
Kuwaitis who relied on the Internet to get the news; and the motives of Kuwaitis who relied on the Internet to get the news. A survey method was used to collect the data.
The survey data revealed that the Kuwaitis perceived both newspapers and television to be more credible and neutral than both the
Internet and radio. In addition, television and newspapers satisfied the Kuwaitis needs and motives in terms of obtaining the news.
Finally, Kuwaitis became more intentional when obtaining the news from both television and newspapers.

AAT 3125519
TITLE The role of personal significance: Effects of popular music in advertising on attention, memory, attitudes, and conation
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS
(0708); BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
MARKETING (0338); MUSIC (0413)
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of personal significance on the effects of popular music in advertising to determine both the theoretical (the effect of personal significance to the individual of popular music on the processing of advertising messages) and practical (the design of more effective advertisements using popular music) implications. An experiment is reported that tested the effects of three integrations of popular music in advertising: original lyrics, altered lyrics, and instrumentals (plus a control treatment with no music) on the hierarchy of effects: attention, memory, attitudes, and conation.
The results indicated that advertising with popular music that is high in personal significance can lead to greater attention to the ad (brand) and the music, greater memory for the brand, more favorable attitudes toward the brand and the advertisement, and greater conation. The results also indicated that song vocals, either original or altered, are more effective stimuli of advertising effects than instrumentals or no popular music. An interaction of popular music significance and integration of popular music in advertising showed that when the song or the artist was high in personal significance the original vocals had greater attentiongaining value. When the song or the artist was low in personal significance the altered vocals had better attention-gaining value, possibly due to some type of novelty effect.
These results suggest that personal significance can play a role in the processing of advertisements with popular music. It appears that advertising with popular music that is high in personal significance to the individual supports active audience theory (Fiske, 1987; Grossberg,
1992), and popular music that is low in personal significance to the individual supports passive processing theory (Adorno,
1941). This research provides some theoretical foundation for understanding the role of personal significance on the effects of popular music in advertising on attention, memory, attitudes, and conation.
AAT 3128839
TITLE Shortwave broadcasting in a new world order: An historical examination of the influences of satellite radio and

Internet radio on shortwave broadcasting since the end of the Cold War
AUTHOR Anderson, Arlyn T.
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY
OF OKLAHOMA
DATE 2004 PAGES 292
ADVISER
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS
(0708); JOURNALISM (0391); HISTORY,
MODERN (0582)
From the application of shortwave frequencies to broadcasting in the 1920s until the last decade of the 20th century, international broadcasting was synonymous with shortwave broadcasting by state-run radio stations. For the bulk of this history of international broadcasting, such crossborder communication was developed, sustained, and refined in war&mdash;first the radio propaganda wars preceding World
War II, then World War II, and finally the
Cold War which dominated geopolitics for the better part of 40 years. With the emergence of other international communication media such as satellite broadcasting beginning in the 1960s, and the internet in the 1990s, the potential for the monopoly in practice and name of shortwave on international broadcasting has been ever present. Additionally, at the termination of the Cold War conflict, the social/political framework that had governed international broadcasting for nearly half a century was removed, thus creating the potential for additional revisions and mutations in the realm of international broadcasting. This project examines the first decade of state-sponsored international broadcasting following the end of the Cold War in order to document the changes that have taken place in international broadcasting. Specific attention is paid to the emergence of newer international broadcasting media through which international broadcasting has begun to be carried and received since 1991.
Additionally, changes made, and challenges faced, by the state-run international broadcasters are examined and documented in order to better understand the evolution of international broadcasting at a time in history that may well mark the beginning of the decline of the nation state in the face of such changes in international broadcasting.
It will be illustrated that with the advent of additional electronic media for international broadcasting which is increasingly becoming commercially driven, the nation state that emerged on the heels of the advent of the printing press is in the process of mutation and possible decline.
AAT 3129957
TITLE Social influence effects of advertising using highly attractive models
AUTHOR Anderson, Megan
DEGREE PhD

SCHOOL ALLIANT
INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY, SAN DIEGO
DATE 2004
PAGES 195
ADVISER
SUBJECT PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL (0451);
PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); MASS
COMMUNICATIONS (0708)
Differences in ratings of women pre judged to be of average attractiveness, self-ratings of attractiveness satisfaction, and selfreported intentions to purchase beauty products and services were explored as a function of participant race (Black or
White), model exposure (ingroup/same race, outgroup/different race, or no model/control condition), and group salience manipulation
(racial group salience increased or U.S. resident salience increased). An exploratory condition exploring the effects of identification as a feminist was also included in the White participant, ingroup model exposure condition. Results demonstrated that White women rated themselves as less satisfied with their attractiveness and more likely to purchase beauty products as part of a daily health and beauty routine than Black women. Black women were found to indicate higher intentions to purchase cosmetics and beauty enhancement products that produce more instant results than White women. Results also demonstrated that women exposed to highly attractive models contained in advertisements rated women targets prejudged to be of average attractiveness lower than women that were exposed to ads containing product pictures and text only.
An expected interaction between ingroup exposure and racial group salience was not found, however a three-way interaction between participant race, exposure condition, and group salience was revealed in the data analysis. Black and White women demonstrated different patterns of influence depending on salience and exposure condition when rating their selfattractiveness satisfaction. Black women exposed to outgroup/White models demonstrated the greatest change in selfattractiveness satisfaction ratings as a function of salience condition. The results are discussed in terms of social identity theory. The exploratory analyses regarding identification of oneself as a feminist, though low in power, suggest that selfcategorization as a feminist may serve to block unwanted effects from exposure to models.
AAT 3142351
TITLE Cultural influences on the news: A study of the war in
Iraq in Swedish and American media
AUTHOR Barker, Gunilla
DEGREE PhD

SCHOOL REGENT
UNIVERSITY
DATE 2004
PAGES 103
ADVISER
ISBN 0-496-00025-X
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708
This study raised the question of how cultural factors influence news content. The objects of study were American and Swedish newspaper articles and television reports about the 2003 war in Iraq. The theoretical foundation for the study was based on perspectives developed within the Cultural
Studies tradition and the work of Stuart
Hall. Furthermore, the study used Geert
Hofstede's model of cultural values, particularly his masculinity/femininity dimension, and various press theories addressing the practice of news making. A combination of theme analysis, content analysis, and ideological criticism was used to explore the differences in news coverage in the two countries. The results of the theme analysis revealed that in American media, the war in Iraq was primarily presented and described in terms of war strategy and weaponry use, with a strong emphasis on technical and operational details. The war was interpreted via a perspective from inside the American troops. Swedish media interpreted the war primarily from the perspective of the international community and civilians in Iraq. It was visualized in terms of suffering civilians, casualties, and damage to the Iraqi capital. The war was viewed as a world event, and it was explained as a failure for the United Nations and the international community, the
American initiative being deemed illegal.
The critical analysis of the news coverage revealed that at least one ideology was prevalent in the news of each country. In
Swedish news, the war in Iraq was linked to a view of the United States as an arrogant and self-reliant superpower, that disregards the international community to pursue its own interests. In American news, by contrast, the war was linked to the values of democracy, freedom, and security, and a view of the United States as benefactor and deliverer. The news stories were more masculine in American media than in
Swedish media and more feminine in
Swedish media than in American media.
Swedish media relied more on Iraqi and international sources, and American media relied more on domestic sources. The war in
Iraq was represented differently in each country, simply by emphasizing different aspects of the same war.
Not Available from UMI
TITLE Producing Indonesia:
The derivation and domestication of commercial television
AUTHOR Barkin, Gareth

DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL WASHINGTON
UNIVERSITY
DATE 2004
PAGES 336
ADVISER
ISBN 0-496-06021-X
SUBJECT ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL
(0326); MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708
While mainstream U.S. news outlets fixate on the sensationalist Arab language media, the country with the world's largest Islamic population has quietly gone without religious news programs or Middle Eastern satellite reception. Although Indonesia has avoided hard-line Islamist broadcasting, the country's fifteen-year-old private television industry has served up a diversity of contrasting representations of national culture and religious practice in its successful efforts to lure the country's overwhelmingly moderate Muslim audiences. The field of popular media in
Indonesia is as influential as it is understudied, and presents a stark but multifarious contrast to the vulgar simplifications of Islamic media so relentlessly proffered to American audiences. This ethnographic study of
Indonesian television production describes how Muslim Southeast Asia uses the West in completely unexpected ways, repurposing media forms and narratives for radically new cultural projects. In studying the meanings and influences surrounding mass media, scholars have traditionally favored textual analysis or research into the audience reception. By approaching these issues holistically, from the perspective of media producers in lived production contexts, this dissertation demonstrates the power of ethnographic methods to broaden and enrich understandings of mass media development, distribution and meaning production. Based on twenty-two months of ethnographic fieldwork among national television producers and broadcasters in
Jakarta, this study illuminates the strategic derivation of form and narrative from transnational sources as a central aspect of the domestic production process. It is argued that specific pressures on the
Indonesian television industry&mdash;from religious groups, the government, and corporate sponsors&mdash;have created an environment of deep risk aversion in which creative choices are continuously evaluated not only for financial viability, but also against graduated layers of imagined cultural constraints. In this context, cosmopolitan producers have turned to the proven marketability of particular constellations of form and narrative, borrowed from Hollywood, Bollywood,
Latin America and various foreign media traditions, as a means of garnering prestige and avoiding uncertainty. The result has been a television schedule in which
Indonesian-ness is less characterized by

domestic cultural forms than by the locally particular structures of derivation that have emerged through the semiotic transformation of foreign media elements.
AAT 1419930
TITLE The placement of social messages in entertainment media: A study of social exchange theory
AUTHOR Beckham, Monica
Lorene
DEGREE MA
SCHOOL MICHIGAN STATE
UNIVERSITY
DATE 2004
PAGES 82
ADVISER
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS
(0708)
The purpose of this thesis is to study the inter-organizational process through which social messages become embedded in entertainment programming content. Social
Exchange Theory was used to create the conceptual framework for this study. Indepth interviews were conducted with highranking executives from government agencies, advocacy organizations, and the entertainment industry to study this process.
Three primary processes were identified to explain issue placement:
(1)&nbsp;serendipitous placements;
(2)&nbsp;opportunistic placements; and
(3)&nbsp;planned placements. The result of this study is a practical and theoretical examination of the relationships between entities rarely associated with one another, and a practice of which few are aware
AAT 3139192
TITLE The social implications of children's media use
AUTHOR Bickham, David
Stephen
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY
OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
DATE 2004
PAGES 222
ADVISER
SUBJECT PSYCHOLOGY,
DEVELOPMENTAL (0620); MASS
COMMUNICATIONS (0708);
PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL (0451);
SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
DEVELOPMENT (0700)
This study examined the relations between children's media use and the time they spend with their friends as well as their social behaviors. Considering <italic> the displacement hypothesis</italic> as the primary perspective in this area, this study evaluated the tenets of this hypothesis and put forth four alternative hypotheses. Issues of media's social context, content, and relations to structured social events were considered in order to challenge the assumptions of displacement. A sample of
1,951 children ages 2 to 12 from the Panel
Study of Income Dynamics Child
Development Supplement was used. This nationally representative dataset includes measures of children's behaviors and time

diaries that provide a record of how and with whom children spent their time.
Television and video games titles from these diaries were coded for violent content. For some age groups, television viewing was found to be related to less time spent with friends and more problematic social behaviors. However, when viewing was separated into violent and non-violent content, only violent television predicted worse social outcomes. Displacement is an insufficient explanation for these relationships. Analyses considering the social context of media use found that older children spent a higher percentage of their media use time with their friends. The more time children spent coviewing media with their friends, the more time they spent with their friends in other activities. For 9- to 12year-olds, sharing television and game play experiences with siblings was related to lower levels of peer integration. A unified model that summarizes the role of media in children's social lives is presented. A speculative process is put forth where violent media use is seen as influencing aggressive behavior that leads to social isolation. In turn, children who are isolated view more television and more violent content. Sharing media with friends is seen as an indication of healthy friendships, while co-using media with siblings is positively linked to social isolation. The correlational nature of these results necessitates further testing of this model.
AAT 3140440
TITLE Radical culture in the digital age: A study of critical new media practice
AUTHOR Bodle, Robert
DEGREE PhD
SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
DATE 2004
PAGES 248
ADVISER
SUBJECT MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708);
CINEMA (0900); ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL
(0326)
Radical Culture in the Digital Age: A Study of Critical New Media Practice,&rdquo; examines the nexus between society and culture within oppositional new media practice, particularly in the ways ruling forces in cyberspace such as conglomeration, copyright maintenance,
FCC policy, case law, network surveillance, and capital investment give rise to cultural responses that route around these mechanisms of influence and control, resulting in open source journalism collectives, radical net.art, hacktivism, and files sharing networks&mdash;a technopopular front. This research and scholarship focuses on the pressure point between policy and practice, regulation and resistance. As cultural activists intervene by pushing the boundaries of legality and digital agency, they leverage the unique context of the

Internet as a networked, decentralized, relatively non hierarchical environment that facilitates symbolic manipulation, technological innovation, political collaboration, and media distribution, benefiting a culture of resistance. While foregrounding the collaboration of offline and online efforts, this dissertation explores how radical uses of new media can contribute to new forms of social organization, activism in the arts, and a critical theory of new media. Ultimately, this work explores the radical potential of leading online practices of cultural resistance and indicates how new technology can be used by all of us to help secure a public commons in the face of corporate globalization.

S u b j j e c t t I I n d e x
A
Aboriginal representation • 39 acquaintance3 adolescent girls • 32 adolescents •6 ,10,37 advertising agencies • 9,34
Africa • 2
African Americans • 31 age • 30
Al-Jazeera •23 ,33
Americanization • 7
ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL 47,50 antifandom • 30
Arab world • 23 argumentation • 27 attachment • 32 attention • 32 audiences 30
Australian indigenous policy •39
B biotechnology • 25 blaming the victim • 18 bodyframe • 38 broadcasting charters 21• broadcasting policy • 21
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MARKETING 44 business media discourse • 29 business13
C
Catholicism • 20
CDA • 29 celebrity idolization • 32 censorship • 16 chat • 1,3 children • 32
China • 24
CINEMA 50 circuits of culture • 26 citizenship 33 civic scientist 28 cognitive linguistics • 29 commercialism • 21 communication structures • 1,14 communication technologies • 38 community satisfaction • 4 comparative research • 19 competition •4 composition • 35 computer • 10 computer-mediated communications •
1,3,6,39 computers • 37 conflict • 36 content • 8,19 content analysis • 17 convergence • 13,17 corporate colonization • 5 crime • 15 critical communication • 5 critical discourse analysis • 21 cultural geography • 24 cyberhate • 36 cybersex • 1,3 cyberspace • 38
D dating advertisements • 30 deception • 6 democracy • 1,5,14 deregulation • 21 development2 deviance • 39 deviant behavior • 39
Dickson • J. Edgar Hoover35 digital divide • 4,10,36,37 disciplinarity • 27 disciplinary rhetoric • 27 discourse analysis • 25 discourse ethics • 1,14
Disney • 9 displacement effects • 10 domestic violence • 18
E
East Asia • 10,37 editorial news process •17 effects11 ekstasis • 1 elections • 7 e-mail •38 empowerment • 16 entertainment • 22 ethics • 1,14 ethnicity • 33 ethnography • 16,26
EU media/audiovisual policy • 31
F fairy tale •

family • 3 family communication environment • 6 fan studies22 fandom • 30
FBI • 35 feminist theory • 18 film • 18 flow • 22 football • 33 former socialist countries • 36 frame analysis • 25 framing • 18 functional truth • 18
G gay communication • 3 gender • 17,30,33 gender roles • 31 genre • 26 genre analysis • 28
Germany • 7 global Internet diffusion • 36 global television • 22 globalization 2•24,25 governance •2
H
Habermas •1,14 history • 13
HISTORY, AFRICAN 41
HISTORY, MODERN 45 human communication •5 human genome • 25 hypertextuality • 2
I I identity • 27 immigration • 14 impulse control disorder • 6 indigenous rights • 39 infants •32 informalization • 21 information technology •2 inmate journalism • 16 interactivity • 2,8,19 inter-country • 36 international understanding 2 internet • 1,2,3,4,5,8,13,37,39
Internet abuse • 6
Internet addiction • 6 internet connectedness • 10,37
Internet connectivity • 36 internet use • 10,36,37
internetition • 8 interpretive repertoire analysis • 22 intersubjectivity •1 ,14 intertextuality • 26 interval • 38 interview • 17 intimate-18
Iraq • 24
J journalism • 8,13,15,16,18,19,29,41,45 judgment • 11
Junk mail • waste • 35
L labor • 14 lay public • 28 leaflets • 24 legitimacy • 35
Lifetime • 9 liminality 1 local news 13
M marketing • 14 martyr’s wedding • 28 masculinity • 26
MASS COMMUNICATIONS 41
,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50 mass media • /8,25,32 media • 20,32 media buying • 9,34 media choice theory • 38 media conglomeration • 9 media effects • 31 mediatization • 7,8 men’s magazines • 26 meta-analysis • 38 metadiscourse • 26 metaphor • 29 methodology •16,29 minor league baseball 20 modality • mood • 26 morality • 30 motion picture financing • 31 motion picture management31 move structure analysis • 26 movie support scheme strategy31 movies • 18 multiculturalism • 14 multimodality3
MUSIC 44 music videos • 31

myth • 18
N nationalism • 20 neo-liberal governance • 39
Netherlands the,4 new media • 8,19 news • 4,8,14,15
News Corporation • 24 news coverage • 18 news decisions • 19 news journalism • 19 news judgments • 16,29 news media • 13 news research methodologies • 17 news website • 17 newspaper design • 17 newspapers • 2,9,34 newsroom • 13
Newzealand21 non-verbal communication5
O obituary announcements • 28 objectivity • 18 offender • 3 online attention 5 online newspapers19,8 organizational communication 38 organizational rhetoric • 27 otherness • 17
P parasocial interaction • 23 parents • 10,37 partner violence • 18 partnership • party election broadcasts 21 pathological Internet use • 6 peers • 10,37 perceptual bias • 11 personal branding • 27 politeness • 26 political communication7 popular management discourse • 27 popular science • 28 popularization • 28 portal 5 post-Soviet era generation • 15 prayer • 20 presentation trends • 17
prison newspaper • 16 production study • 22 professional ethics27 professionalism • 15 professionalization • 19 project management • 5 psychological operations • 24
PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL 46
PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL49
PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL 46,49 public broadcasting • 22 public debate • 28 public health • 15 public opinion 24 public relations 1,14,35 publishers • 4 purchase context 6
Q quality22 quantity • 35 questionnaire • 17
R race14 racial conflict39 radio news and current events programming17 reader reception • 26 reference26 religion20 representation • 33 rhetorical analysis • 27 role perceptions19 romance • 9
Rupert Murdoch • 24
Russia • 15
S satellite news23,33 satellite television • 24 science journalism25 self-identity30 separate collection • 35 sexual abuse • 3 sexual attitudes 31 sexualization • 33
Slovenia2,11 social capital 4 social cognition 29 social competition • 36 social creativity • 36 social distance • 11

social environment 10,37 social memory • 38 social science •16,29 social shaping • 37 socialization • 6 sociocultural factors28 sociology of media •13
SOCIOLOGY, GENERAL 42
SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
DEVELOPMENT 49
Soviet era generation 15 sport television • 33
Star TV • 24 stasis theory • 27
Stephen Glass18 synergy 9
T technique of the body38 television • 15,20,21,24,30 television distribution • 22 television news • textual culture 26 textuality • 30 third-person effect • 11 time shift • 10 topoi 27 traditional media10
U uncertainty reduction • 11
V violence against women 18 violence15,36 visual17
W warrants • 27
White supremacists36 wmr 768–135 women’s prison writing16 worldwide use 37 writing in the disciplines • 27 writing in the humanities • 27
Y youth •3