CHAPTER TIMELINE
--1450
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
MCKAY – CHAPTER 14 STUDY GUIDE – 20 points
“European Exploration and Conquest” 1450 – 1650
Study Guides will be scored HOLISTICALLY using the following criteria:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
STUDENT’S ORIGINAL SCHOLARSHIP ONLY!! (that means DO YOUR OWN WORK IN YOUR OWN WORDS!)
FINAL PRODUCT MUST REPRESENT PRIDE OF EFFORT & SCHOLARSHIP (that means DO YOUR BEST WORK – your name is on the final
product; it reflects who you are)
Correctness, thoroughness, and thoughtfulness of responses
TIMELINE must be comprehensively completed
Mapping activities must be completed neatly using COLOR with a KEY
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter is about European territorial expansion. The growth of royal
power and the consolidation of the state in Spain, France, and England
accompanied and supported world exploration and a long period of
European war.
--1540
--1580
The Portuguese were the first to push out into the Atlantic, but it was Spain,
following close behind, that built a New World empire that provided the
economic basis for a period of Spanish supremacy in European affairs. In the
short run, Spanish gold and silver from the New World made the Spanish
Netherlands the financial and manufacturing center of Europe, and Spain
became Europe’s greatest military power. In the long run, however, overseas
expansion ruined the Spanish economy, created massive European inflation,
and brought the end of Spain’s empire in Europe. Competition and war with
England also contributed to the decline of Spanish dominance and the rise of
England as the world’s premier imperial power.
Discoveries in the “New World” changed the lives of people in Europe,
Africa, and the Americas. Foods, disease, and slavery are just some of the
goods transported across the Atlantic via the Columbian Exchange. Asia also
played a role in European expansion due to their monopolies of certain
spices, technological innovations that allowed for ocean travel, and the
expansion of Ottoman power. Ironically, Europeans were only able to
embark of such vast overseas voyages as a result of technologies developed
in Asia and the Middle East.
Skepticism was an intellectual reaction to the fanaticism of both Protestants
and Catholics and a sign of things to come in the age of Enlightenment.
Renaissance artistic and academic tradition was carried on by authors such as
Shakespeare in early-sixteenth-century Elizabethan England.
--1650
Page 1 of 4
SECTION 1 – World Contacts Before Columbus
Big Question 1: pages 428-432
What was the Afro-Eurasian trading world before Columbus?
1- How did Europeans interact with and view the following cultures:
a. China
b.
Africa
c.
Persian Safavids
d. Ottomans
Important terms:
Malacca
Entrepot
Marco Polo
Admiral Zheng He
Mansa Musa
Constantinople
Venetian Trade
Genoese Contribution
Page 2 of 4
SECTION 2 – The European Voyages of Discovery
Big Question 2: pages 432-445
How and why did Europeans undertake ambitious voyages of expansion that would usher in a new era
of global contact?
1- What were the motivating factors for the European oceanic voyages?
2- What technological resources allowed the Europeans to make their overseas voyages? What is the origin of
these technologies?
3- Describe the Portuguese explorations. Who were the participants and what were their motives?
4- Describe Columbus’s background and his motivations behind his voyages.
5- What were the causes and effects of early English and French colonization.
Important terms:
Prince Henry the Navigator
The Travels of Sir John Mandeville
Caravel
Ptolemy’s Geography
Vasco da Gama
Christopher Columbus
Treaty of Tordesillas
Ferdinand Magellan
Hernando Cortes
Montezuma II
Tenochtitlan
Francisco Pizarro / Atahualpa
Also be sure to
consult the explorers
map
Page 3 of 4
SECTION 3 – The Impact of Conquest
Big Question 2: pages 445-449
What was the impact of European conquest on the peoples and ecologies of the New World?
1. What methods did various countries use to administer their colonies in the New World?
2. How were indigenous peoples treated by European explorers and colonizers?
3. What was life like for women in the colonies?
4. Explain the significance of the Columbian Exchange.
Important Terms
Viceroyalties
Encomienda System
Columbian Exchange
Page 4 of 4