Name: ____________________________ Date: _______________________________
Mrs. Yip-Chen
Earth science Unit 5: Surface Processes Regents Review Topics (Write your answers on loose
leaf paper)
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Define weathering.
Describe the 3 types of physical weathering.
Describe the 4 types of chemical weathering.
What conditions will increase the rate of chemical weathering?
Define erosion.
Describe how the shape of sediments will change with increasing stream erosion.
Describe the relationship between the hardness of a rock layer and the rate of weathering and
erosion. Draw a line graph showing this relationship.
If a river’s velocity slows from 100 cm/s to 50 cm/s, which sediments will it no longer be able to
transport?
Which rock would large quantities of calcium be weathered from?
What is regolith?
What is the water table?
How is the zone of saturation different from the zone of aeration?
Describe the relationship between particle size and the amount of water flow. Draw a line
graph showing this relationship.
How is porosity affected by particle shape, compactness, and amount of sorting?
Describe the relationship between particle size and the amount of water retained. Draw a line
graph showing this relationship.
Describe the relationship between slope and the amount of water infiltrated and runoff. Draw
line graphs showing these relationships.
Describe the relationship between slope and the particle size that can be transported by a river.
Draw line graph showing this relationship.
What is the relationship between permeability and particle size?
Describe the relationship between amount of infiltration and permeability and saturation
amount. Draw line graphs showing these relationships.
How is capillarity affected by particle size?
Describe and sketch the 4 types of drainage patterns.
Which factor is primarily responsible for causing the different drainage patterns?
What is the approximate latitude and longitude of the Hudson-Mohawk watershed?
Draw a sketch that includes a meandering river and floodplains.
What are oxbow lakes?
What is an alluvial fan?
Which part of a stream channel will be eroded the most overtime – inside or outside of a
meander? Why? Draw a sketch and cross section.
Which part of a stream channel will have the most sediments deposited – inside or outside of a
meander? Why? Draw a sketch and cross section.
Which agent of erosion is primarily responsible for forming long, narrow, U-shaped valleys in
NYS?
Which agent of erosion is primarily responsible for forming long, narrow, V-shaped valleys?
Caves are easily chemical weather by acidic groundwater. Which type of rock are most caves
made of?
What is transpiration?
Which process is directly responsible for cloud formation?
When do land surfaces experience the greatest amount of runoff?
How does a change in slope affect a stream’s velocity and rate of erosion?
What is the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream that has a velocity of 125
cm/sec?
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Define abrasion.
Name the 4 major agents of erosion.
Which erosional agent can move large size particles?
What is the main factor that causes bedrock to weather at different rates?
What processes form soil?
Draw the 3 soil horizons.
What is the order of soil formation?
What is another name for drainage basin?
How are sediments sorted when deposited by a stream (vertically)?
How are sediments sorted when deposited by a stream (horizontally)?
What is a bed? Draw a picture of graded bedding.
What is cross bedding?
How are sediments sorted when deposited by a glacier?
What is a delta and where are they usually formed at?
Why do particles get deposited after the stream enters a lake?
In which NYS landscape region is most of the surface bedrock composed of metamorphic rock?
Which landscape regions in NYS have the oldest surface bedrock?
The classification of landscape regions is primarily based on which factors?
Outwash plains are formed as a result of deposition by__________________.
Describe mountains, plateaus, and plains.
In NYS, both the Delaware River and the Susquehanna River flow over landscapes classified as
________________.
58. What type of landscape region is the Catskills classified as?
59. Which landscape region in NYS has glacial erratics that are 1 billion year old?
60. Which ocean current brings warm water to the western coast of Africa?
61. How do kettle lakes form?
62. How do finger lakes form?
63. How do drumlins form?
64. How does the structure of a drumlin indicate a glacier’s direction of movement?
65. Which agent of erosion form barrier islands?
66. How would NYC and Long Island be affected by the effects of global warming on present-day
continental glaciers?
67. How old is bedrock from the Ordovician Period?
68. What shape would a channel have if it’s been eroded by running water?
69. What is till?
70. Explain why till is composed of unsorted sediment.
71. What is outwash?
72. Describe how sediments look like when they are deposited by glacial meltwater (outwash).
73. How does the structure of a sand dune indicate the direction the wind was blowing form?
74. What sediment shape will be deposited the slowest?
75. Describe the different types of mass movements.
76. What is a seamount?
77. What is a guyot?
78. How are jetties and groins similar?
79. How are alpine glaciers different from continental glaciers?
80. Describe how the northern part of Long Island was formed differently from the southern part.
Be able to:
1. Calculate gradient, rate of change, and density on ESRT p.1
2. Generalized landscape regions of NYS - ESRT p.2
3. Generalized bedrock geology of NYS- ESRT p.3
4. Surface Ocean Currents - ESRT p.4
5. Interpret all the charts on Rocks and Minerals (including Relationship of Transported Particle
Size to Water Velocity) - ESRT p.6-7