Nationalism Triumphs in Europe (1800-1914)
Vocabulary Terms
Britain
1. Earl Grey- British Prime Minster
2. Parliament-Rules ,United Kingdom/Britain with a Constitutional monarchy and 2
political parties.
3. House of Lords-hereditary position for Nobles right to veto laws passed by Commons
4. House of Commons- elected position
5. Protestants vs. Catholics-Religious disputes between two groups, dates back to Henry
VIII.
6. Whigs-political party represents the middle class and business class
7. Torries-Loyalists represent nobles, landowners, income rooted in agriculture.
8. Reform Bill of 1832-Gave representation to large towns-granted suffrage to property
owners
9. People’s Charter-Demand for universal male suffrage
10. Chartism-Movement that called for male suffrage-secret ballot-annual electionssalaries for elected members of parliament.
11. Queen Victoria-Queen of United Kingdom 1837-1901-symbol of values (etiquette)
12. Rotten Boroughs-deserted areas with a low polpulation
13. Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister of Britain forged Tory party supported
conservatives.
14. William Gladstone-Prime Minister-led whigs
15. Reform Bill of 1867-Conservatives pushed for vote for working class men.
16. Lady Constance Lytton- Suffragette in Britain
17. Corn Laws-high tariffs on imported grain-repealed in 1846 to promoted free trade
18. Abolition-movement to free slaves 1834 outlawed in Britain
19. Penal Colonies- Australia and New Zealand British prisoners were sent here.
20. Fabian Society-1883 Socialist society believed in change through legal means
21. Labour Party-represented socialists and unions
22. Suffrage-right to vote
23. Emmeline Pankhurst-British suffragette
Ireland
24. Daniel O’Connell-Irish Nationalist leader
25. Catholic Emancipation Act-Allowed Irish Catholics to vote and hold public office
26. Potato-Brought from Americas, became main food source in Ireland
27. Great Hunger-1845 Disease destroyed potato crops in Ireland close to 1 million died
from starvation
28. Emigration-to move
29. Charles Stewart Parnell-Irish leader pressed for home-rule
30. Home Rule-local, self-government received in 1921 for Ireland
France
31. Napoleon III-emperor of France
32. Georges Clemenceau-French doctor, later politician
33. Franco-Prussian War-1871 France was defeated by Prussia
34. Ferdinand de Lesseps-organized the construction of the Suez canal
35. Maximilian-Austrian Prince placed on Mexican throne-assassinated
36. Socialism-people own as a whole
37. Paris Commune- Rebel political group wanted to save the French republic from
loyalist control. Started Civil war in France in 1871
38. Third Republic-Defeated Paris Commune, became gov’t of France for next 70 years
39. Chamber of Deputies-lower house of France’s legislature-elected officials
40. Senate-upper house of France’s legislature
41. Premier-Prime Minister of France
42. Coalitions-alliances with various political parties
43. General Georges Boulanger-Part of French scandal-Minister of war tried to overthrow
Third Republic
44. Legion of Honor-Highest honor/award in France
45. Alfred Dreyfus-Dreyfus Affair-Alfred was a Jewish Captain accused of
treason/spying for Germany and found guilty-many felt that this was a witchhunt
because of Dreyfus’s religious affiliation. The trial was unfair because Dreyfus’s legal
representation was not allowed to see evidence against him.
46. Treason-to go against your country
47. Devil’s Island-Alfred Dreyfus was sentenced to live on this island off the coast of
South America for the rest of his life. (He lived there for 5 years)
48. Ferdinand Esterhazy- A major accused of treason and declared innocent-he left
France but returned in 1899 and confessed the crime that Alfred Dreyfus allegedly
committed
49. Emile Zola-novelist that supported Dreyfus
50. Anti-Semitism-prejudice against jews
51. Theodor Herzl-Hungarian jewish journalist that published Jewish State
52. Zionism- Movement that called for rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine
53. Basel, Switzerland-Location for first Congress of Zionists
54. Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl-Founded French Union for Women’s Suffrage-1944
women given right to vote in France
United States of America
55. The New Colossus-Poem about U.S.
56. Emma Lazarus-wrote “The New Colossus”
57. Thomas Jefferson-President of USA
58. Louisiana Purchase-purchased in 1803 from Napoleon by the USA
59. Lone Star Republic-Texas
60. The Mexican War of 1846-USA annexed California
61. Manifest Destiny-American belief that they are destined to control the continent from
sea to sea
62. Alaska-purchased in 1867 from Russia by USA
63. Hawaii-1898 annexed
64. Gold Rush-1800’s people flocked to the western portion of the US to find gold
65. Chief Joseph-Native American that fought and later surrened to the US gov’t in 1877
66. Abolition-free slaves
67. Frederick Douglass-African American Abolitionist-former slave
68. William Lloyd Garrison-African American that owned the newspaper the Liberator
69. Harriet Beecher Stowe-wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
70. Lucretia Mott-Abolitionist and Suffragette
71. Elizabeth Cady Stanton-Suffragette
72. Seneca Falls Convention-1848 Conventions for women’s rights
73. Declaration of Sentiments-list of freedoms for women presented at the Seneca Falls
Convention
74. Abraham Lincoln-President of USA-1860 opposed the expansion of slavery in
territories out west.
75. Civil War-Confederates (South) vs, Union (North)
76. Robert E. Lee-General for Confederate Army
77. Gettysburg-3 day bloody battle where the north pushed the south back-turning point
78. Ulysses S. Grant-General for the Union army
79. Fourteenth Amendment-freedom of slaves
80. Fifteenth Amendment-African American males can vote
81. Jim Crow laws-“Separate but equal” laws
82. Segregation-legal separation of races
83. Cyrus McCormick-invented mechanical reaper
84. Andrew Carnegie-steel company (very rich)
85. John D. Rockefeller-Standard Oil Company (very rich)
86. Henry Ford-“Model T” assembly line (very rich)
87. American federation of Labor-Labor union that fought for better wages, hours and
working conditions
88. Populist Party-farmers + city workers fighting for rights (got the 8-hour day)
Immigrants-new people from foreign countries
89. “Golden Door”-the door that let immigrants in the USA –some fought to close it
90. Progressives-Reformers for labor, business and voting rights
91. Nineteenth Amendment-1920 Women can now vote in the USA
92. Spanish American war-1898 USA acquired Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
93. Isolationism-limited involvement in World affairs
94. Expansionists-urged nation to pursue global economic and military interests
95. Alfred T. Mahan-famous expansionist-believed the USA should get bigger.
Germany
96. Ernst M. Arndt: poet The German’s Fatherland
97. Prince Clemens Von Metternich: Austrian leader @ Congress of Vienna
98. Prussia: Pre Germany
99. Napoleon: French emperor, expanded France
100.
Confederation of the Rhine: combined areas of Germany named by Napoleon
101.
Congress of Vienna: set up to establish balance of power after fall of Napoleon
102.
German Confederation: portion of Germany named by COV
103.
Zollverein: promoted economic unity in Germany
104.
Frankfurt Assembly: created constitution for Germany
105.
King Frederick William IV: Prussian King during 1848 revolution.
106.
Otto Von Bismarck: Prussian P.M., united Germany, became Chancellor of Germany
107.
Realpolitik: “politics of reality”, philosophy based on practical goals, used by
Bismarck
108.
“Blood and Iron”:Bismarck’s policy = war
109.
Hohenzollerns: ruling family of Prussia
110.
Schleswig and Holstein: provinces in Denmark taken by Germany and Austria
111.
Austro-Prussian War: Prussia took Holstein from Austria (August 1866)
112.
Franco-Prussian War: War w/France; Prussia won (1870-1871)
113.
Napoleon III: Grand-nephew of Napoleon. Emperor of France
114.
Kaiser: German ruler (root word is Caesar)
115.
North German Confederation: name for German lands after war w/Austria
116.
William I: King of Prussia became 1st Kaiser of Germany
117.
Second Reich: German gov’t 2 house legislature
118.
Bundesrat: upper house appointed by ruler of Germany
119.
Reichstag: lower house elected officials
120.
Hall of Mirrors: (Palace of Versailles) meeting held there after Franco-Prussian War
121.
Alfred Krupp: idustrial leader in Germany. Made steel weapons for world
122.
August Thyssen: business tycoon
123.
“Water Rats”: Bismarck’s nickname for Britain
124.
Iron Chancellor: nickname for Bismarck
125.
Lutheranism: Protestant Religion (Martin Luther)
126.
Kulturkampf: “Battle for Civilization” (make Catholics loyal to Germany)
127.
Jesuits: Christians
128.
Karl Marx: Marxism/Communist Manifesto (co-wrote)
129.
Social Democratic Party: 1840s German Marxists demanded right for workers
130.
William II: 1888 Kaiser of Germany, fired Bismarck
Italy
131.
Guiseppe Mazzini: founded Young Italy
132.
Young Italy: Nationalist group wanted independence for Italians
133.
Risorgimento: wanted to unite Italy
134.
Victor Emmanuel: King of Sardinia
135.
Count Camillo Cavour: PM of Sardinia promoted Italian unification
136.
Crimean War: btwn Britain and Russia (lost)
137.
Guiseppe Garibaldi: leader of red shirts, united southern Italy
138.
Red Shirts:nationalist group for Italian independence
139.
Victor Emmanuel II: King of united Italy
Austria & Ottoman Empire
140.
Anarchists: against gov’t
141.
Hapsburgs: ruling family of Austria
142.
Ottoman Turks: Muslims leaders of Balkan peninsula and Asia minor
143.
Francis I: Austrian Emperor
144.
Socialism: People own & control everythin
145.
Francis Joseph: Emperor of Austria
146.
Dual Monarchy: Austria-Hungary
147.
Francis Deak: Hungarian leader for independence
148.
“The Sick Man of Europe”/Balkan Powder Keg: Ottoman Empire
Russia
149.
Repression: to hold down
150.
Peter the Great: modernized Russia
151.
Catherine the Great: expanded Russia
152.
Russian Colossus: Great World Power
153.
Serfdom: peasant tied to land/forced to work and live on land
154.
Autocracy: total rule
155.
Alexander I: czar 1801-1825
156.
Nicholas I: czar 1825-1855
157.
Decembrist Revolt: army officers revolted wanting constitution/failed
158.
Censorship: to cancel/not allow
159.
Orthodoxy: literal/by the book Christian or Jewish
160.
Nationalism: pride in one’s country/people that share common language +
culture in want of independence
161.
Alexander II: czar 1855-1881
162.
Emancipation: to free
163.
People’s Will: terrorist group that killed Alexander II
164.
Alexander III: czar 1881-1894
165.
Russification: to make Russian (1 language, 1 religion)
166.
Anti-Semitism: against Jewish people
167.
Pogroms: violent mob attacks on Jewish people
168.
Refugees: no homeland
169.
Nicholas II: czar 1894-1917
170.
Trans-Siberian Railway: 5,000 miles from European Russia to Pacific Ocean
171.
Russo-Japanese War: 1904 lost
172.
Vladamir Ulyanov: Lenin
173.
Father Gapon: Orthodox priest organized protest & killed
174.
Bloody Sunday: protest by workers order to be killed by czar
175.
Revolution of 1905: workers took over government
176.
Autonomy: self-rule
177.
October Manifesto: freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly + union
178.
Duma: elected national legislature