Name: ____________________________
The following Data Table contains a list of compounds that can be classified as acids, bases, or
salts.
1. Decide what type of substance each compound is and fill in the appropriate space in the
column. Base your answers on the compound’s formula and on the one piece of
information supplied about either its pH or its reaction with an indicator.
2. Fill in any remaining blank spaces for that compound.
3. Remember: Phenolphthalein turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic
solutions. Litmus turning red indicates an acid and litmus turning blue indicates a base.
Compound
H3PO4
found in some
cola beverages
Ca(OH)2
slaked lime
used for
treating soil
CaSO4
used in plaster
of Paris
H2CO3
produced in
human body
from
metabolism of
fats and sugars
Na3PO4
used in some
water softeners
H2S
odor of rotten
eggs
H2SO3
component in
acid rain
Mg(OH)2
found in milk
of magnesia
NH4Cl
used in
batteries and
dry cells
(NH4)2SO4
nitrogen
fertilizer
Acid, Base, or
Salt
Color in
Litmus
red
Color in
Phenolphthalein
Approximate
pH
above 7
about 7
clear
no effect
below 7
red
blue
about 7
(slightly below)
clear
Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons called
alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons. These compounds are named by using a prefix
that tells the number of carbon atoms they contain and the root –ane. Using the chart
below, create the correct structural formulas.
Prefix
Number of
Carbon Atoms
meth1
eth2
prop3
but4
pent5
hex6
hept7
oct8
non9
dec10
1. butane
2. methane
3. propane
4. ethane
5. hexane
6. pentane
7. octane
8. Draw a structural formula with 9 carbons.
What would the name be? ____________
Count the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms and look at the shapes. Then use the
charts in your book to figure out what the following structural formulas are called.
Multiple Choice
1. One of the physical properties that all acids share is
a. no color
c. sour taste
b. color
d. bitter taste
2. Weak acids do not ionize to a high degree in water, so they produce few
a. electrolytes
c. hydrogen ions
b. hydroxide ions
d. carbonates
3. You should never use taste or touch to identify bases because they can be
a. corrosive
c. sour
b. slippery
d. antacids
4. Which ion do bases contain?
a. OHb. H3O+
c. H+
d. NH4+
5. Which pH would indicate a strong acidic solution?
a. 7
c. 8
b. 2
d. 14
6. A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is called a (an)
a. isomer
c. carbohydrate
b. hydrocarbon
d. alcohol
7. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is
a. cyclohexane
b. methane
c. benzene
d. phenol
8. The –OH group is characteristic of an
a. organic acid
b. aromatic compound
c. ester
d. alcohol
True/False (If false-change the underlined word to make the statement true).
9. Acids are often defined as proton donors.
10. Strong acids are poor electrolytes.
11. Week basis produce small numbers of ions when dissolved in water.
12. A neutral solution has a pH of 10.
13. In neutralization, an acid reacts with a base.
14. Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural
formulas are called isotopes.
Answer the following with at least two complete sentences.
15. In terms of pH, explain why lemons are more acidic than bananas and why lye is
more basic than ammonia.
16. Explain why water is both an acid and a base.