Week 16, Day One
HW # 50- Complete Compounds in Bacteria and
Mammals worksheet.
Revise your Essay.
Warm up
- What is a compound? How is it different from an
element?
Warm up Response
-Element- pure substance with only 1 type of atom
(gold, iron, oxygen)
-Compound- a group of atoms consisting of different
elements (H2O, CO2)
-Molecule- electrically neutral compound
Homework Response/Check
D
• Compounds Worksheet (using your textbook)
• Begin your homework
• Work on Essay Revision (Introduction)
Element
• Substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler substances. Example: carbon.
The most common elements in living
things are:
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
Atom
• The smallest unit of an element
Compound
• A compound is two
or more elements
that are chemically
combined.
The smallest unit of a
compound is a
molecule.
An example of a compound is water.
Compounds
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
• Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
• Examples: water (H2O) & table salt (NaCl).
• Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen
and are associated with living things.
• Examples: (next slide)
Four most important groups of organic
compounds found in living things are:
•
•
•
•
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
• Energy-rich compound made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Supply energy for cell processes;
short-term energy source
• Most important source of energy for
body
• Sugars-fruits, starch-pasta, and
cellulose-found in cell walls of plants
Proteins
• Made of elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and sulfur
• Regulate cell processes and build cell
structure
• s
• Made up of smaller molecules linked
together chemically called amino acids
• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Lipids
• Energy-rich compounds made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
• Store large amounts of energy long term; form
boundaries around cells
• Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol
Nucleic Acids
• Made of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and phosphorus
2 kinds of nucleic acids
• DNA - Carries hereditary information (chromatin
in nucleus)
• RNA - used to make proteins (cytoplasm &
nucleus)
Water and Living Things
 Makes
up about 2/3 of your body
 Most chemical reactions in cells
require water
 Helps cells keep their size and shape
 Helps keep temperature of cells from
changing rapidly