Week 16, Day One HW # 50- Complete Compounds in Bacteria and Mammals worksheet. Revise your Essay. Warm up - What is a compound? How is it different from an element? Warm up Response -Element- pure substance with only 1 type of atom (gold, iron, oxygen) -Compound- a group of atoms consisting of different elements (H2O, CO2) -Molecule- electrically neutral compound Homework Response/Check D • Compounds Worksheet (using your textbook) • Begin your homework • Work on Essay Revision (Introduction) Element • Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Example: carbon. The most common elements in living things are: • Carbon • Oxygen • Hydrogen • Nitrogen Atom • The smallest unit of an element Compound • A compound is two or more elements that are chemically combined. The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule. An example of a compound is water. Compounds Organic and Inorganic Compounds • Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon. • Examples: water (H2O) & table salt (NaCl). • Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen and are associated with living things. • Examples: (next slide) Four most important groups of organic compounds found in living things are: • • • • Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates • Energy-rich compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Supply energy for cell processes; short-term energy source • Most important source of energy for body • Sugars-fruits, starch-pasta, and cellulose-found in cell walls of plants Proteins • Made of elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur • Regulate cell processes and build cell structure • s • Made up of smaller molecules linked together chemically called amino acids • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Lipids • Energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Store large amounts of energy long term; form boundaries around cells • Fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol Nucleic Acids • Made of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus 2 kinds of nucleic acids • DNA - Carries hereditary information (chromatin in nucleus) • RNA - used to make proteins (cytoplasm & nucleus) Water and Living Things Makes up about 2/3 of your body Most chemical reactions in cells require water Helps cells keep their size and shape Helps keep temperature of cells from changing rapidly