Biology 11
Classification, Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide
Chart method:
Viruses:
1. Explain why viruses may be classified as living or non-living.
2. Explain why it is difficult to establish the origin of viruses and the most widely accepted view of the
origin of viruses.
3. Draw and label a typical virus.
4. Describe the steps of a virus ‘life’ cycle including the difference between latent and virulent viruses.
You might want to include diagrams that match these steps.
5. Explain what is meant by viral specificity.
Classification:
1. Name the 3 domains of the tree of life and list the kingdoms within each domain.
2. Explain the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
3. Given a dichotomous key, determine the name of various bacteria. (see bacteria lab for an example)
Bacteria:
1. Describe the characteristics common to bacteria.
2. Describe bacterial types by shape (cocci, bacilli, spirillum)
3. Describe differences in bacterial requirements for life (obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative
anaerobes, fermentation)
4. Identify and draw the bacterial structures visible under electron microscope.
5. Describe the ecological role of bacteria (as decomposers) and how bacteria obtain nutrients.
6. Describe how bacteria reproduce by binary fission and conjugation.
7. Describe how binary fission, conjugation and endospores help bacteria survive.
8. Draw a bacterial reproduction growth curve in a closed environment and identify lag, growth, stationary
and death phases.
9. Describe the difference between symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria.
10. Name 2 diseases caused by bacteria and describe how pathogenic bacteria can cause disease.
11. Describe how bacteria can be transmitted from person to person and 3 ways that bacteria can be
controlled.
12. List 2 ways that bacteria can be useful.
13. Describe how one of the following antibiotics ‘kills’ bacteria – erythromycin or penicillin.
14. Describe 1 way that bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics and why this could be dangerous.
Thinking and Working Like a Scientist: Scientific Method
1. Describe the starting point for scientific inquiry (question and hypothesis).
2. Describe the difference between independent, dependent and controlled variables.
3. Describe the difference between an experimental and control group.
4. Given data, produce an appropriate graph with labeled X and Y axis.
5. Draw conclusions based on data (understanding experimental error, confidence in data and role of
control group as comparison).
Biology 11
Classification, Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide
Study cards method:
Card 1: Viruses
 Explain why viruses may be classified as living or non-living.
 Explain why it is difficult to establish the origin of viruses and the most widely accepted view of
the origin of viruses.
 Draw and label a typical virus.
 Describe the steps of a virus ‘life’ cycle including the difference between latent and virulent
viruses. You might want to include diagrams that match these steps.
 Explain what is meant by viral specificity.
Card 2: Classification
 Name the 3 domains of the tree of life and list the kingdoms within each domain.
 Explain the difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
 Given a dichotomous key, determine the name of various bacteria. (see bacteria lab for an
example)
Card 3: Bacteria
 Describe the characteristics common to bacteria.
 Describe bacterial types by shape (cocci, bacilli, spirillum).
 Describe differences in bacterial requirements for life (obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes,
facultative anaerobes, fermentation)
 Identify and draw the bacterial structures visible under electron microscope.
Card 4: Bacteria
 Describe how bacteria reproduce by binary fission and conjugation.
 Describe how binary fission, conjugation and endospores help bacteria survive.
 Draw a bacterial reproduction growth curve in a closed environment and identify lag, growth,
stationary and death phases.
 Describe the difference between symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria.
Card 5: Bacteria
 Name 2 diseases caused by bacteria and describe how pathogenic bacteria can cause disease.
 Describe how bacteria can be transmitted from person to person and 3 ways that bacteria can be
controlled.
 List 2 ways that bacteria can be useful.
 Describe how one of the following antibiotics ‘kills’ bacteria – erythromycin or penicillin.
 Describe 1 way that bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics and why this could be dangerous.
Card 6: Science Processes
 Describe the starting point for scientific inquiry (question and hypothesis).
 Describe the difference between independent, dependent and controlled variables.
 Describe the difference between an experimental and control group.
 Given data, produce an appropriate graph with labeled X and Y axis.
 Draw conclusions based on data (understanding experimental error, confidence in data and role of
control group as comparison).