APEH Exam Review Terms
Chapter 18: The French Revolution
Ancien Regime
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Cahiers de doléances
Girondins
“The Mountain” – Montagnards
“The Plain”
Georges Danton
Three Estates bourgeoisie tailles
Feudal dues
Estates General
Tennis Court Oath
“What Is the Third Estate?” by Abbé
Sieyes
Maximilien Robespierre
Jean-Paul Marat and
Charlotte Corday
Ami du Peuple
Execution of Louis XVI
Edmund Burke
Thomas Paine levée en masse
Committee of Public Safety
“Law of the General Maximum”
Vendée
National Assembly
Bastille
Great Fear
4 August 1789
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen
Women’s march to Versailles
Émigrés
Civil Constitution of the Clergy assignats
“refractory priests”
Constitution of 1791
Olympe de Gouges – Declaration of the
Rights of Women
“active citizens”
Legislative Assembly
Political spectrum: “right” and “left”
Varennes
Reign of Terror
Republic of Virtue: dechristianization, new calendar, etc.
Cult of Reason (Cult of Supreme Being)
Thermidorean Reaction
Directory
1799 coup d’état
Consulate plebicite
Concordat of 1801
Invasion of Egypt
First Empire
Trafalgar
Continental System
Battle of Austerlitz nationalism
Napoleonic Code Paris Commune sans-culottes
10 August 1792
Republic
September Massacres
National Convention
Jacobins
Invasion of Russia (1812) and retreat from Moscow
Elba
The Hundred Days
Waterloo
St. Helena

Chapter 19 Terms: The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism
Directory
Napoleon in Italy and Egypt
Brumaire coup 1799
The Consulate
Concordat of 1801
Napoleonic Code
Meritocracy
Plebescite
Emperor
Trafalgar
Austerlitz
Jena
Treaty of Tilsit
Continental System
Prussian reforms of Stein and Hardenberg
“Spanish ulcer”
Invasion of Russia and retreat from Moscow
Elba
Congress of Vienna
Quadruple Alliance
Legitimacy
Hundred Days
St. Helena
Holy Alliance
Concert of Europe
Romanticism
Rousseau
Kant’s categorical imperative
English romantic poets
Goethe: Faust
John Constable: The Hay Wain
JMW Turner: Rain, Steam, and Speed
John Wesley and Methodism
JG Herder
Grimm Brothers
GWF Hegel
David: Oath of the Horatii , Death of Marat ,
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Gericault: The Raft of the Medusa
Chapter 20: The Conservative Order and the Challenges of Reform
Nationalism (and meaning of “nationhood”)
Congress of Vienna
Legitimacy
Liberalism and liberals
Political and economic versions of liberalism
Liberals = Nationalists?
Conservatism
Edmund Burke
Klemons von Metternich
Burschenshaften
Carlsbad Decrees 1819
Corn Law 1815
Combination Acts 1799
William Cobbett
Peterloo
Six Acts 1819
Louis XVIII
The Charter
Ultraloyalism and White Terror
Concert of Europe
Balance of power
Quadruple Alliance
1820 revolutions in Spain and Naples and resulting intervention
Troppau Protocol 1820
Greek revolution 1821
Czar Alexander I
Czar Nicholas I
Decembrist revolt 1825
Official Nationality: “Orthodoxy,
Autocracy, Nationalism”
Polish revolution 1830
Charles X
July Revolution 1830
Louis Philippe
Algeria
Belgian independence 1830
Daniel O’Connell
Catholic Emancipation Act 1829
Rotten boroughs
Great Reform Bill of 1832

Chapter 21: The Economic Advance and Social Unrest
British textile industry
Population growth
Anarchists
Pierre Proudhon, What is Property?
Migration patterns
Irish Potato Famine
Capital goods vs. consumer goods
Marxism
Karl Marx: Das Kapital
Friedrich Engels:
, 1867
The Conditions of the
Working Class in England 1845
Proletarianization
Chartism
Six Points of the Charter
Child labor
Factory Act 1833
10 Hour Act 1847
Gender division of work: “separate spheres”
Experience of women in factories and in families
Police forces
Sir Robert Peel
“transportation”
Prison “reform” = new view of criminals
The Communist Manifesto , 1848
Dialectical materialism
Proletariat
Bourgeoisie
Class conflict
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Communism
1848 Revolutions
France: February Days, 1848
Louis Blanc: national workshops
National Assembly
June Days
Classical economics
Adam Smith:
Laissez-faire
Wealth of Nations
Thomas Malthus: Essay on the
Principles of Population
David Ricardo,
1798
Zollverein
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
1834 Poor Law: workhouses
Anti-Corn Law League
Repeal of Corn Laws 1846
, 1776
Principles of Political
Economy , 1817
“iron law of wages”
François Guizot
Second Republic
Louis Napoleon
1852 coup
Napoleon III
Second Empire
Vesuvians and
The Women’s Voice
March 1848 in Austrian Empire
Louis Kossuth and the Magyars
(Hungarians)
Pan-slavism
Frankfurt Parliament
Large German vs. small German
“crown from the gutter”
Utopian socialists
Count Henri de Saint-Simon
Robert Owen
New Lanark
Charles Fourier
Louis Blanc