Content Chatpters 1-10,12, 13, 17 &20
A.
Chapter 1- Core Case study, exponential growth, China’s consumers,
Chattanooga Tenn,Aldo Leopold
Environmental History of the World Aesthetics
Introduction to Environmental Problems
*Population Explosion
*Deforestation
*Pollution
*Global Warming
Environmental Decisions
*Environmental Ethics and Philosophy
*Aesthetics vs. Economics
*Cultural Influences and Considerations
**Story of Easter Island
Antropocentric
Anthropogenic
Appropriate technology
Conservation
Hypothesis
Intrinsic (Inherent) value
Paradigm
Preservation
NIMBY (not in my backyard)
Scientific Method
What are the main problems facing our environment today?
What are some of the hot local environmental issues today?
What are some of the current national/international environmental issues?
How have anthropogenic actions affected our ecosystems in America?
Tragedy of the commons
Environmental news article summaries
Food Chains
Home the movie
Hippocampus.org
Habitable Planet online Textbook
Miller Textbook and APES Resource Review
Chapter 1 - 3- know how to carry out a controlled experiment, Easter Island,
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Tropical Rainforest and Sustainablility
Energy Flow
*First/Second Law of Thermodynamics What physical laws govern ecosystem
*Photosynthesis dynamics?
*Trophic Levels How do you make a food chain and food
**Food Chain web for organisms in the regional
**Food Web ecosystems in our area?
Nutrient Cycles What are the steps to the carbon,
*Carbon Cycle nitrogen and phosphorus cycles?
*Nitrogen Cycle
*Phosphorus Cycle

Abiotic
Ammonification
Assimilation
Autotroph
Balanced herbivory
Biomass
Biotic
Carnivore
Conservation of Matter
Know BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Pages 66-72
Consumers
Decomposers
Detritus
First& Second law of thermodynamics
Food chain
Food web
Gaia
Herbivore
Heterotroph
Kinetic energy
Legumes
Methane
Microbe
Nitrification
Nitrogen fixation
Nutrient cycle
Omnivore
Organic phosphate
Phosphate
Potential Energy
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Trophic level
Range of tolerance
Aerobic, anaerobic
GPP gross primary productivity
NPP, net primary productivity
Limiting factor
Chapter 7 & 8 case studies Blowing in the wind & coral reef sustainablity
Ecological and Terrestrial Biomes Oligotrophic weather & climate
Watershed
*Deserts
Eutrophic, hypertrophic
Mesotrophic
Cultural eutrophication
*Grasslands
*Temperate Deciduous Forest
*Tropical Rain Forest
*Taiga
*Tundra
Aquatic Ecosystems
*Lakes and Ponds
*Streams and Rivers
Surface runoff,
*Inland Wetlands
Marine Ecosystems (know images)
*Coastal
*Estuaries
*Open Ocean greenhouse effect
Permafrost rainshadow
What are the characteristics of the major biomes of the Earth?
What are two major factors that influence type of vegetation?
Does diversity increase or decrease as you move from the equator?
What are the ways to protect, repair and manage ecological hot spots?
Benthic plant
Biome
Ecosystem
Epiphytes
Estuary
Habitat

Permafrost
Quadrant Sampling method
Mitigate
Remediation
Restoration Ecology
Savanna
Taiga
A. Chapter 4 & 5- American Alligator, Why Protect Sharks, Sea Otter,
Evolution, speciation
*Tolerance Limits and Species
Intrinsic potential
Boom and bust cycles. 113
Abundance
*Natural Selection and Adaptations
*Niche Specialization
Ecological Succession
*Primary Succession
*Secondary Succession
Species Interactions
*Predation
*Keystone Species
*Competition
*Symbiosis
**Mutualism
**Commensalism
**Parasitism
*Defensive Mechanisms
Population dynamics pg 109 image
Carrying capacity,
Limiting factor
Biotic potential
*Aquatic Succession
Geologic Time Scale
Plate Tectonics Pg 345-349
Ppt History of the world
*Volcanism
*Earthquakes
Erosion
Plate tectonics
Subduction
Tectonic plates
Weathering
Succession of the North Woods
Glaciation
What causes changes in ecosystems?
What are the various stages of ecological succession in our area?
What are the main types of species interactions?
What is the relationship between physiological adaptations and evolutionary success?
What limits species abundance?
KNOW the case studies of the hare & lynx, Exploding white-tailed deer (114)
Constructing and analyzing graphs.
Be able to utilize the transect sampling method.
Identify the ecological succession occurring in fields and woods.
Be able to set up an experimental ecosystem and understand what abiotic or biotic conditions affect organisms. EcoColumn
Quadrat sampling
Calculate a diversity index (Coral Reef lab)

Abundance
Adaptation
Climax community
Commensalism
Competitive exclusion principle
Diversity
Control
Ecological succession
Evolution
Gross Primary Production
Habitat
Keystone species
Law of limiting factors
Limiting factor
Mutualism
Natural selection
Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
Modeling with M&M's
Niche
Net primary production
Optimal Range
Plant community
Predator-prey relationship
Producers
Primary productivity
Primary succession
Range of Tolerance
Resilience
Resource partitioning
Secondary succession
Tolerance limits
Transect sampling method
Variable
Chapters 9& 10 case studies Chapter 9 Know each and every one
Polar bear, bees, kudzu vine, california condor....EXP pg 202 DDT
Ch10 case of reintroducing gray wolf into yellowstone
Genetic Diversity Biotic potential
*Hot Spots of the World
*Endangered and Extinct Species
Loss of Biodiversity
*Habitat Destruction
*Habitat Fragmentation
*Exotic Species
*Successful Comebacks
*Wetlands
**Development Pressures
**Flood Control
Carrying capacity
Density-dependent factor
Density-independent factor
Exponential increase
Environmental resistance
K strategist
Population
Population density
R strategist
HIPPCO
Biodiversity
Clearcutting
Common pool resources
Corridors
Deforestation
Ecotourism
Endangered species
Exotic species mass & background Extinction
Fragmentation
Island Biogeography
Overgrazing
Threatened species
Wetlands
Intrinsic value
Ch10
Old growth forest
Tree plantation
Deforestation
Fires
Rangelands

Over grazing
Biological hotspot, reconciliation ecology
How do the mass extinctions in the pass differ from the rate of biodiversity loss experienced today?
What are the major challenges to preserving the biodiversity on the planet?
How has land use changed throughout human history?
What are some threats to our national parks?
What are some of the negative results of deforestation?
Why are wetlands so valuable as a resource?
A.
Chapters 8,13 & 20 Chapter 8 was learning all about watershed, and water resources
Chapter 13 Water Use and Conflicts
Content Water loss drop by drop
Water Resources *Groundwater Depletion
*Water Cycle
*Water Storage
Water Availability and Use
*Fresh Water Quantities
*Distribution of Water Resources
*Utilization Patterns
Water Shortages
*River Water Legal Battles
Methods of Increasing/Preserving Water
Supply
*Desalination
*Recycling
*Conservation
Aquifer
Cone of depression
Desalinization
Gray water
Groundwater remediation
Hard water
Nonconsumptive water use
Potable water
Ground water
Zone of saturation
Runoff, surface water
Drought
Dams & reservoirs
Flood plain
Seep
Soft water
Storm water
Surface water
Turbidity
Water table
Watershed
B. Case study, lake Washington and treating sewage by working with nature.
Types and Effects of Water Pollution
*Inorganic Chemical
*Agricultural Waste and Human Sewage
**Cultural Eutrophication
**Red Tide
**Pathogenic Organisms and Human
Health
*Oil Spills
*Thermal
Monitoring Water Quality
*Chemical Tests
*Aquatic Species Monitoring
Water Pollution Control
*Sewage Treatment

*Water Remediation
*Water Legislation
What are the ways that water pollution affects organisms?
What is the relationship between BOD and DO?
How do the EPA water quality standards compare with water quality of New Paltz streams?
What are the ways we can reduce water pollution?
What is the flow chart and operations of a sewage treatment plant?
What is the comparison of nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved suspended solids, BOD and toxic substances before and after sewage treatment?
Activated sludge
Algae
Algae bloom
Biological nutrient removal
Biosolids
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
Chlorination
Coliform bacteria
Cooling tower
Cultural eutrophication
DO (Dissolved oxygen)
Eutrophic
Eutrophication
Fecal coliform test
Grit chamber
Heavy metal
Hypoxia
Indicator organisms
Indicator species
Natural biological control
Non-point source
Oligotrophic
PCB (polycholorinated biphenyls)
Point source
Primary treatment
Saltwater intrusion
Secondary treatment
Septic System
Thermal pollution
Treated sludge
Trickling filter system
Water Quality Testing for Monitoring Stream Health- Field Site Studies( Ecocolumn)
Biotic- aquatic larvae
Abiotic- Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Nitrates, Alkalinity, hardness, CO2 Thermal Pollution on Yeast populations
Water loss Drop by Drop
Why is the Water Green- experimental eutrophication
Field Trip Sewage Treatment plant
BOD and Wastewater Treatment Lab
The effects of Biodegradable Waste on DO
Food, Agriculture and Pest Management
How do humans as a species follow the same patterns as animal species above?
Global population : 6.5 billion, increasing by 78 million per year, 2.5 per second

Total Fertility Rate (TFR), know approximate rates for developing and developed countries, as well as replacement rate.
Why is population a problem even though the growth rate has decreased since 1960?
Doubling rule: 70 divided by % growth rate = # of years it will take to double the population
IPAT(S) model: we talked about this at the beginning of the semester, review it!
Demographic transition model: be able to explain the diagram. Why might some developing countries today not complete it? (Hint: this might be a good essay question!)
Role of HIV/AIDS on populations.
Methods of population control: Contrast methods of China and Bangladesh
Role of economic empowerment and education in population growth rates
Vocabulary age structure transition population change birth rate, or crude birth rate family planning fertility rate replacementlevel fertility rate cultural carrying capacity infant mortality rate death rate, or crude death rate life expectancy total fertility rate (TFR) migration demographic
1. Birth, death, fertility, and migration rates are the factors that determine population size. As birth rates have declined in developed countries, population has increased due to people’s migrating into these countries. Women’s fertility rates have dropped but are still above the replacement-level fertility around the world.
2. Population size is profoundly affected by age structure. If women are past their primary child-bearing ages, population increase will be limited. If, however, the population has a large percentage of young women entering their childbearing years, the potential for large population increases is present. In general, the closer a country’s young women are to 15–40 years of age, the more potential for a rapidly increasing population.
3. We can influence population size by encouraging smaller families, by encouraging adoption of children already born and discouraging new births. Population size is, also, affected by health care or its lack; by epidemics (such as AIDS); by losses through war, etc. Lack of prenatal care for expectant mothers, failure to protect children from communicable diseases (like measles) or wide-spread diseases (like malaria), can contribute to a smaller population. In the past economic development, family planning, and economic opportunities for women have reduced birth rates.
4. India and China have both made efforts to control their population growth. China has been more successful because, as a dictatorship, it has imposed restrictions on family size with rewards and punishments for those who support or defy the government’s direction. India, without a policy of coercion, has reduced its birth rate; but the wish for male children and several children for the care of old parents has helped to maintain a growing population.

5. Effective methods for slowing the growth of world population include investing in family planning, reducing poverty, and elevating the status of women.
Study Chapter 6,12,17
CH 6 Know how to do population problems, percent change, show increase or decrease.
Be able to discuss population growth in first and 3 rd
world countries
What are several reasons why CBR might drop in a country
Look at graphs and explain trends
Understand how to read Population profiles
Ch 17 List and describe 3 biological, physical and chemical hazards
Discuss case for each, source of problem, problem itself and solutions
Be able to answer questions on LD 50 lab, Note table on page 456
Read cases on page 443(antibiotics), 450 (mercury),Bisphenol A, Image page458, case page 467 Data Analysis- assigned for HW
CH12. Discuss benefits and problems with industrial agriculture, CFO's, GMO's
Consider soils, fertilizer, energy, health, pollution, biodiversity, water shortage
Know what 3 grains supply world food,
Discuss alternatives to Industrial agriculture and plantation farming
Know how to make a graph using uniform data points
Time on the x axis and equal increments on the Y axis
Label the axis and
Then analyze the results.