HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
BIO 263- Section: [Insert]
[Insert other course information (optional): blended, honors]
Credit Hours:
4.00
Lab Hours: 3.00
Lecture Hours: 3.00
IAI Core:
IAI Majors:
Semester: [Insert]
Course Begins: [Insert]
Course Ends: [Insert]
Days: [Insert]
Times: [Insert]
Room: [Insert]
Instructor:
[Insert]
E-mail: [Insert your @mchenry.edu e-mail address or LMS information]
Phone: [Insert]
Office Hours: [Insert]
Office Location: [Insert]
Other contact information:
[Insert]
Website (optional): [Insert]
Required course:
Textbook(s): [Insert]
Supplies (if desired):
[Insert]
Course Description:
Human Anatomy and Physiology I is the first course in a two-semester sequence. It teaches the
organization of the human body from the molecular level to the organ systems. Areas of study include
biochemistry, cell structure and function, tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, articulations,
muscular system and nervous system (including special senses). Lab work includes microscopy and
dissection. A strong understanding of chemical principles is expected.
Course
BIO 157 with a grade of C or higher.
Course Note: A grade of C of higher is required for the prerequisite listed with any biology course unless
otherwise indicated. Courses taken on a pass/fail basis do not meet the prerequisite; students are required
to repeat those courses for a letter grade. Due to the rapidly changing nature of biology, the prerequisite
must have been taken within five years of current enrollment.
This course is intended to be taken with the subsequent semester course, BIO 264, which covers the
remaining body systems.
Section Notes:
[Insert if applicable]
Cognitive Objectives
1. List and describe the basic functions of the human organism.
2. Define anatomy and physiology and describe how structure influences function.
3. List the levels of structural organization beginning with subatomic particles through the entire
human organism.
4. List the organ systems in the human body and the major components of each system.
5. Define homeostasis and using a specific example, show its significance for the human organism.
6. Define positive and negative feedback and describe how they support homeostatic regulation.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 1 of 9
7. Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body regions, directions and sections.
8. List the major body cavities and their subdivisions.
Biochemistry:
Cognitive objectives
1. List and explain the significance of the characteristics of life.
2. Name the parts of an atom and explain their arrangement and role within the atom.
3. Diagram the atomic structure of any atom with an atomic number less than 20.
4. List, define and give an example of each of the types of chemical bonds discussed in class.
5. List the properties of water and explain their importance for living organisms.
6. Define acid and base and explain the pH scale and indicate the role of buffers in living systems.
7. Interpret chemical symbolism used to represent elements, compounds and chemical reactions.
8. Explain why carbon is important for living organisms.
9. List the major groups of organic molecules and identify the building block units and one function
for each.
10. Explain the four levels of protein structure.
11.Compare DNA and RNA based on their structure.
12. Identify which group of organic molecules includes ATP and explain the importance of this
molecule.
13. Explain the transfer of energy through metabolic pathways using terms such as catabolic,
anabolic, exergonic, endergonic, oxidation, reduction, and activation energy.
14. Describe the structure and function of enzymes and the conditions that affect the yield of
enzymatic reactions.
15. Describe with function of ATP in cells.
16. Explain the structure and function of the mitochondria.
Cell Structure:
Cognitive objectives
1. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. Name the cellular organelles and state their functions.
3. Describe cell membrane structure and state its functions.
4. Specify the ways different ions or molecules enter or leave the cell and what might interfere with
their movement through the membrane.
5. Describe the variety of transport mechanisms used by cells for absorption or removal of
materials. Be sure that you can apply the principles to new situations.
6. Describe the factors that cause a transmembrane potential and indicate the significance of
transmembrane potentials for the human organism.
7. List the sequence of events during replication of DNA and explain why it is called semiconservative.
8. List the sequence of events during protein synthesis (transcription and translation) and indicate
the problems that can occur when there is a sequence change.
9. Describe the stages of the cell cycle.
10. Describe the events of mitosis and factors that influence the rate and the regulation of a normal
pattern of cellular division. Identify the impact of a failure of the normal pattern of cellular
division
11. Explain the events of meiosis
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 2 of 9
12. Compare mitosis and meiosis
13. Compare oogenesis with spermatogenesis in animals.
14. Describe how a karyotype is prepared and used.
15. Give examples of chromosomal mutations caused by a change in the chromosome number and
explain how such mutations could occur.
16. Explain amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling and why these may be used.
17. Describe the cellular changes that occur during aging.
Tissues:
Cognitive objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Identify the major tissues of the human body and their roles.
List the specific types of epithelial tissue, their functions and locations in the human body.
Differentiate endocrine and exocrine glands.
List the types of exocrine glands based on their mode of secretion and give a specific example of
each.
List the types of exocrine glands based on their structure and give a specific example of each.
Evaluate the benefits to each of the ways of classifying exocrine glands.
List the types of connective tissue, their characteristics, their functions and locations in the human
body.
Describe how epithelial and connective tissues combine and form four different types of
membranes and indicate the functions of each type of membrane.
Compare and contrast the structure of bone and cartilage and indicate the implications for their
repair.
Compare and contrast the three types of muscle tissue and indicate the significance of the special
structural features of each for their specific function.
Describe the basic structure and function of neural tissue.
Describe how injuries and aging affect body tissues and the process of tissue repair.
Indicate those tissues that regenerate rapidly and those that do not and the implications of this for
body homeostasis.
Integumentary System:
Cognitive objectives
1. Describe the main structural features of the epidermis and explain their functional significance.
2. List the layers of the epidermis, the characteristics of each layer and the functions of each layer.
3. List the factors that are responsible for controlling skin color and indicate whether they provide
for long term or short-term changes in skin color.
4. List changes in skin color that is used for diagnostic purposes.
5. Describe the causes of racial differences in skin color.
6. Describe the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin and the role of the melanocytes.
7. Describe the structure and function of the dermis.
8. Describe the mechanisms that produce hair and how hair texture and color are determined.
9. List the various kinds of glands found in the skin and their secretions.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 3 of 9
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Describe the anatomical structure of nails and how they are formed.
Describe the ways that the integument contributes to the maintenance of body homeostasis.
Describe conditions that would cause sweat gland secretions to interfere with body homeostasis.
Describe how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself.
Describe the development of the epidermis, dermis and the accessory structures of the
integument.
15. Describe the effects of the aging process on the skin.
Skeletal System:
Cognitive objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
List the functions of the skeletal system.
Distinguish the axial from the appendicular skeleton and know which bones belong to each.
Classify bones based on their shape and give an example of each type of bone.
Draw and label the gross anatomy of a long bone.
Draw and label the microscopic anatomy of a long bone
Draw and label the gross anatomy of a cranial bone.
List and describe the bone markings and know the function of each.
Identify the cell types found in bone and indicate their functions.
Compare the structure and function of compact and spongy bone.
List the events in intramembranous bone formation.
List the events in endochondral bone formation.
Compare and contrast intramenbranous and endochondral bones in terms of structure and
function.
Describe the timing of bone development and growth and how the internal structure of adult
bones is modified.
Describe homeostatic mechanisms of the skeletal system and remodeling of bones.
Describe the effects of nutrition, exercise, hormones and aging on the skeletal system.
List the different types of fractures and the events in the healing of fractures.
Describe the structure and functions of the nasal complex and the paranasal sinuses.
Describe the structural differences in the skulls of infants, children and adults.
Identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column and their functions.
Compare and contrast the structural and functional characteristics of the vertebrae in each of the
distinct vertebral regions of the spinal column.
Describe the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae and ribs and the ribs and sternum.
Compare the male and female skeleton.
List changes that occur in the skeleton with aging (begin with the infant skeleton).
Classify the joints in the body based on the material involved in connecting the bones and
describe the structural and functional aspects of them.
List the characteristics of the synovial joints and identify possible accessory structures and their
functions.
List the types of synovial joints based on the movement allowed by the joint and give an example
of each.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 4 of 9
27. Cite the main functions of ligaments.
28. Describe the articulations between vertebrae and problems that may occur.
29. Describe the structure and function of the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints and problems that
may occur.
30. Describe the relationship between joint strength and mobility.
Manipulative Objective
1. Demonstrate flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction,
elevation, depression, and opposition.
Muscles:
Cognitive objectives
1. Classify muscle tissue, list the unique features of each muscle type and indicate the functions of
the different types of muscles.
2. List the connective tissue layers covering muscle.
3. List the levels of organization of skeletal muscle from the muscle as it appears in the body to the
myofilaments that make up the sarcomere.
4. Diagram and label a sarcomere in the contracted and relaxed state and indicate the differences
between the two states.
5. List the sequence of events during excitation, contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle.
6. Diagram and label a neuromuscular synapse and relate its structure to the events during excitation
of a skeletal muscle.
7. Define a motor unit.
8. Diagram and label a skeletal muscle action potential.
9. Diagram the distinct phases of a skeletal muscle twitch and indicate the cellular events that occur
during each phase.
10. State the all or none principle as it relates to muscle.
11. Distinguish the following observed phenomena of muscle physiology: treppe, independent
irritability of muscle, subthreshold, threshold, suprathreshold, graded muscle response,
summation of contractions, incomplete tetanus, complete tetanus, fatigue, tension and load.
Where applicable you should be able to draw a sample laboratory tracing as well as define and
describe the conditions necessary for each of these.
12. Compare isotonic and isometric contractions and be able to provide an example of each.
13. List the sources of ATP used during muscle contraction and the adaptations of the different types
of skeletal muscle for gaining maximum ATP.
14. Diagram the relationship between the muscle events, and the circulatory, respiratory and the
digestive system to summarize the mechanisms for providing ATP to skeletal muscle.
15. Compare the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and list the types of activities that utilize each
type. Be able to determine the types of muscle fibers individuals good at specific types of sports
would have.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 5 of 9
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Compare unitary smooth muscle, multiunit smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
Compare smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle microscopic anatomy.
Compare smooth muscle and skeletal muscle contraction.
Describe the different classes of levers and relate them to skeletal muscle activity.
Describe the variety of fascicle arrangements in skeletal muscles and their functions.
Predict muscle function based on position, origin and insertion of the muscle.
Describe how muscles interact to produce or oppose movement.
Define and demonstrate flexion, extension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction,
elevation, depression, and opposition.
24. Be able to determine placement of a cross section that does not have the muscles labeled.
25. Describe muscle embryology.
26. Describe muscle atrophy, muscle hypertrophy and muscle aging.
Nervous System:
Cognitive objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
List and describe the characteristics of the major subdivisions of the nervous system.
List, describe and give the functions of the neuroglia found in the CNS and the PNS.
Diagram, label and give the functions for the parts of a typical neuron.
Classify neurons based on their structure and function.
Define resting membrane potential and describe how it is created and maintained.
Define action potential and be able to draw and label a typical neuronal action potential.
List the events involved in the initiation and propagation of an action potential.
Define all or none response in neurons.
Compare absolute and relative refractory periods.
Compare rate of impulse conduction on myelinated and unmyelinated neurons.
List factors other than myelination that influence rate of impulse conduction in nerves.
Describe direction of conduction of action potentials along nerves in the body.
Define graded potential and give examples of types of graded potentials.
Compare graded and action potentials.
Describe the structure of electrical and chemical synapses.
List the events in nerve-nerve chemical synaptic transmission.
List major neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and their effects on postsynaptic membranes.
Distinguish between temporal summation and spatial summation.
Distinguish end plate potential (EPP), excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), and inhibitory
postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
List factors that influence neural function and the basis for their effect.
List and define patterns of neuronal interaction for processing information.
Describe the structure and function of the spinal cord.
List the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Compare the role of white and gray matter in processing and conducting information.
List the major components of a spinal nerve.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 6 of 9
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Describe a spinal reflex and classify and give the functions of different types of reflexes.
Describe the impact of the higher centers on spinal reflex responses.
List the major regions of the brain, their functions and their embryonic origins.
Describe the protections for the brain.
List the ventricles, their locations, how they are connected, and the source of the cerebrospinal
fluid in them, its functions, how it is circulated and how frequently it is replaced.
Identify the 12 cranial nerves in order from anterior to posterior, their functions and whether they
are sensory, motor or combined nerve pathways.
List the major sensory and motor pathways and the integration and processing of information
involved in these.
Compare pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.
Describe memory creation, storage and retrieval.
Describe an ECG, its parts and relate this to levels of consciousness.
Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and indicate the functions of
each.
List the physiological changes that occur during a fight or flight response and describe how this
promotes survival.
Describe dual innervation (by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves) and autonomic tone.
List visceral reflexes and the role of the medulla oblongata in their regulation.
Classify the receptors for general senses and indicate their functions.
Describe the olfactory receptors, organ, pathways and their functions.
Describe gustatory receptors and pathways and their functions.
List the parts of the eye and their functions.
List the accessory structures of the eye and their functions.
Describe black/white vision, color vision and depth perception.
List the parts of the ear and their functions.
Describe equilibrium and hearing and indicate how they are processed.
Describe the impact of aging on the nervous system.
Laboratory Objectives:
Manipulative:
1. Focus a microscope, find, and identify tissues and specific structures that make a tissue type
unique.
2. Manipulate equipment to determine physiological measurements.
3. Perform experiments and analyze the data collected.
4. Prepare graphs of data collected in the laboratory.
5. Manipulate a computer to acquire and analyze information.
6. Manipulate computer programs to locate and identify human anatomical structures.
7. Dissect and identify specific anatomical structures.
8. Manipulate models and anatomical materials to learn structures and relationships between
anatomical structures.
Cognitive
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 7 of 9
1. Apply anatomical terminology when describing the location of a structure in the human body.
2. Apply the knowledge of anatomical structures to visualize the regional integration of those
structures.
3. Be able to identify and name muscles on a prosected cadaver
Course Outline:
Laboratory Outline (3 hours each laboratory)
I.
Anatomical Terminology, Microscope, Cytology
II.
Histology (Epithelium and Connective Tissue)
III.
Histology (Muscle, Nervous and Integument) and Integumentary System
IV.
Lab Practical I; Axial Skeletal System
V.
Axial Skeletal System
VI.
Axial Skeletal System
VII.
Lab Practical II; Appendicular System
VIII. Appendicular System
IX.
Lab Practical III; Muscles (cat dissection, cadaver, models)
X.
Muscles (cat dissection, cadaver, models)
XI.
Muscles (cat dissection, cadaver, models)
XII.
Muscles (cat dissection, cadaver, models)
XIII. Lab Practical IV; Central and Peripheral Nervous system (cat/sheep dissection, cadaver,
models)
XIV. Central and Peripheral Nervous system, Special Senses (cat/sheep dissection, cadaver,
models)
XV.
Lab Practical V
Assignments and Grading Criteria
[Insert. Must include the value of each project, skill, exam, etc. as it relates to the final grade.]
Policies
Attendance policy: [Insert]
Late work/make-up policy: [Insert]
Weekly Course Schedule
[Insert date of each class meeting, topics to be covered, assignment due dates, testing dates, final exam
date, etc. Table format below is optional.]
Dates of
Class
Meetings
Week #1
Week #2
Week #3
Revised 3/7/2016
Course Schedule
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
Page 8 of 9
Week #4
Week #5
Week #6
Week #7
Week #8
Week #9
Week #10
Week #11
Week #12
Week #13
Week #14
Week #15
Week #16
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
{Tentative Activity}
Teaching Schedule
The scheduling of the activities and teaching strategies on this syllabus, but not the objectives or content,
may be altered at any time at the discretion of the instructor.
Withdrawals: The last day to drop this course is [Insert date according to Important Class Dates for term
https://catalog.mchenry.edu/syllabi/Pages/default.aspx]. Failure to attend class does not constitute official
withdrawal. If students are considering a withdrawal, they should consult directly with the instructor and an
academic advisor. Students may withdraw from a class through the Registration Office, either in person or by
fax: (815) 455-3766. In their request, students should include their name, student ID number, course prefix,
number and section, course title, instructor, reason for withdrawing, and their signature. Withdrawal from a
course will not be accepted over the telephone.
Academic Support for Special Populations Students
Students with Disabilities:
It is the policy and practice of McHenry County College to create inclusive learning environments. If you
are a student with a disability that qualifies under the American with Disabilities Act – Amended
(ADAA) and require accommodations, please contact the Access and Disability Services office for
information on appropriate policies and procedures for receiving accommodations and support.
Disabilities covered by ADAA may include learning, psychiatric, and physical disabilities, or chronic
health disorders. Students should contact the Access and Disability Services office if they are not certain
whether a medical condition/disability qualifies. To receive accommodations, students must make a
formal request and must supply documentation from a qualified professional to support that request.
However, you do not need to have your documentation in hand for our first meeting. Students who
believe they qualify must contact the Access and Disability Services office to begin the accommodation
process. All discussions remain confidential. The Access and Disability Services office is located in
Room A260 in A Building in the Atrium. To schedule an appointment to speak with the manager, please
call (815) 455-8766. Information about disabilities services at MCC can be found at:
www.mchenry.edu/access
Additional syllabus information and resources can be found at www.mchenry.edu/syllabusinfo.
STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR KNOWING ALL SYLLABUS INFORMATION.
Revised 3/7/2016
Page 9 of 9