Practice Test. Exam 3.
Summer Session I 2006
Soils - Genetics
1. ______ The long strands of a fungal body that are typically found under the soil.
2. ______ During this type of animal fertilization, the egg and sperm unite outside the
female’s body.
3. ______ This soil horizon is also called “topsoil” and contains many nutrients and
living organisms.
4. ______ A hollow ball of cells during animal embryonic development.
5. ______ This type of embryonic cell will eventually give rise to the liver, pancreas,
lining of the gut and lungs and thyroid.
6. ______ This term describes when chromosomes do not separate from one another
properly during meiosis (the formation of gamets)
7. ______ Chromosomes that are the same size, shape, and contain the same genes.
8. Animals that contain coeloms have advantages over animals that do not have a
coelom in that coelomate animals:
a. have organs, which can concentrate on performing one activity
b. have an extra space filled with liquid to cushion organs against potential harm
c. have space for organs to grow
d. all of the above are true
9. The most diverse of all animals is what group?
a. Arthropoda
b. Chordata
c. Porifera
d. Mollusca
10. Sponges are animals because their cells do not have cell walls, their cells are
eukaryotic, and they are heterotrophic. How do sponges obtain their food?
a. they use cnidia to harpoon prey
b. water and food moves through the pores of their body and collar cells trap food
c. pseudopodia wrap themselves around prey
d. food naturally diffuses inside body and then lysosomes breakdown food
11. A female when making her eggs will:
a. only be able to make one viable egg since much cytoplasm and nutrients have
to be placed in one to support life
b. also put in mitochondria, whose organelles contain its own unique DNA and
thus can influence gene expression of the nucleus
c. also place ribosomes in the egg so proteins can be made
d. all of the above are true
12. Fungi are typically decomposers, feeding off of the remains of dead organisms;
however, they sometimes become predators, feeding off of soil nematodes (worms).
When do fungi become predators?
a. when they cannot find enough dead remains
b. when they are not getting enough nitrogen from dead remains
c. when it rains for several days in a row
d. when oxygen becomes scarce in the soil
13. Soils are important for plant health in a variety of ways. One way is through
providing nutrients and water for plants. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. all soil particles respond the same way (e.g. in terms of holding water)
b. porosity is affected only by the climate
c. oxygen in the soil is just as important for plant health as the nutrients in the
soil
d. all of the above are true
14. Animals can undergo embryonic development in one of two ways – either the
protostome route or the deuterostome route. Which of the following statements is
TRUE regarding embryonic development of animals?
a. both protostomes and deuterostomes form cells (undergo cleavage) in the same
way
b. in a deuterostome embryo, the coelom forms very smoothly by branching off
the gut
c. deuterostomes will always develop into radially symmetrical animals
d. protostomes develop more slowly than deuterostomes
15. In which animal phylum would you find all animals that contain a shell and a foot as
a general body plan?
a. Porifera
b. Mollusca
c. Annelida
d. Platyhelminthes
16. The beneficial association of fungi growing among plant roots is called mycorrhizae.
What benefit does the fungus get from this mutualistic relationship?
a. the fungus gets additional nutrients, like calcium and nitrate
b. the fungus gets protection from predators
c. the fungus is protected against microbial attack
d. the fungus gains excess photosynthetic product (i.e. starch) that the plant stores
in its roots
17. In order to penetrate an egg and fertilize it successfully, a sperm:
a. will release digestive enzymes when it is trying to fight its way into the egg
b. will place up a fertilization membrane to block rival sperm from fertilizing the
egg
c. will expand its head to block the entrance of other sperm
d. all of the above are true
18. If there are lots of a particular morphogen, such as bicoid protein, at one end of a
developing zygote:
a. you would expect the zygote to become a female
b. you know you are only observing the development of a fruit fly
c. you might expect the head or the tail/feet area to be found at this end
d. the zygote will not make it – there is too much genetic information
19. You are observing a strange looking rodent species at the zoo and notice that the
animals are either black, grey or white in color. The mode of inheritance for this trait
is most likely:
a. complete dominance
b. incomplete dominance
c. codominance
d. sex-linked recessive
20. In order to appreciate differences and similarities between various animal taxa (such
as phyla), biologists typically study body characteristics such as type of skeleton.
Compare AND contrast (don’t forget to do both!) an exoskeleton to a hydrostatic
skeleton
21. Neurulation during animal embryonic development occurs even before
organogenesis. Explain how this important process works – include as much detail as
possible.
22. Explain how two blue-eyed parents can have a biological child with brown or hazel
eyes (knowing that brown is completely dominant to blue).
Name That Animal Phylum Based on the following characteristics, assign each of
these the phyla they would best fit and name at least one other organism that fits into this
phylum.
Phyla list: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Chordata,
Echinodermata, Arthropoda
1. This organism is a bivalve (2 shells) __________________________________
2. This organism appears to have a central cavity and is covered with pores
__________________________________
3. This organism is in its medusa form. You touch it and are immediately stung!
__________________________________
4. This organism is worm-like but not flat, has repeated segments and a coelem
_______________
5. This organism moves very slowly due to its hydrostatic skeleton, appears to have radial
symmetry, and has spiny skin. ___________________________________
6. This organism has an exoskeleton and jointed appendages_______________________
7. This organism may be a vertebrate, aquatic and it has gill slits_______________
8. The organism is known to be parasitic, and it appears to be a long and very flat worm.
_______________________