Name: ________________________
Chapter 8 Study Guide
Chemical Bonding
Lewis Symbols
1. Write a Lewis symbol of each of the following species:
Al
Al+3
K
P
P-3
Br
Br-1
Zn+2
O
Ionic Bonding
2. Using Lewis symbols, diagram the reaction between magnesium and nitrogen atoms to give the
ionic substance magnesium nitride.
3. Write electron configurations for the following ions, and determine which have noble-gas
configurations:
a. Zn+2
b. Se-2
c. Ni+2
Covalent Bonding, Formal Charge, and Exceptions to the octet rule.
4. Draw the Lewis structure for the following molecular compounds.
5. Assign Formal Charge to Each Atom.
6. Identify those that break the octet rule.
H2CO
H2SO4
1
ClO4-1
SO2
SO3
POCl3
HClO3
AsO3-3
C2F6
SF2
NH2OH
CO
2
AlH3
N3-1
CH2Cl
XeF2
BF4-1
BH3
CO2
IO3-1
SbF5
IO2-1
Resonance
7. Draw the Lewis structure for NO+1, NO2-1 and NO3-1
NO+1
NO2-1
NO3-1
Based on these structures, predict the ordering of the N-O bond length. Explain your choices.
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Bond Enthalpies
8. Using the bond enthalpies tabulated in Table 8.4, estimate the DH for each of the following
gas-phase reactions:
C2H4 + H2O2  OHCH2CH2OH
2CH4 + O2  2CH3OH
2NCl3  N2 + 3 Cl2
H2 + Br2  2HBr
3H2C=CH2  C6H12 (the six carbon atoms form a six-member ring with two hydrogen atoms on each
carbon atom.)
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SiClH3 + 3 Cl2  SiCl4 + 3HCl
Integrated Exercises
9. The compound chloral hydrate, known in detective stories as knockout drops, is composed of
14.52% Carbon, 1.83% Hydrogen, and 64.30% Chlorine and 19.35% Oxygen by mass and has a
molar mass of 165.4 g/mole.
a. What is the empirical formula of this substance?
b. What is the molecular formula of this substance?
c. Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule (Cl atoms bond to a single C atom, and there is
a C-C bond and two C-O bonds in this compound).
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