EDTECH 552, lab2
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. How does CSMA/CD react to collisions?
A. All systems jam the network, and then all begin transmitting again.
B. Hosts involved in a collision send an RTS signal indicating a time frame in which to retransmit.
C. Hosts involved in the collision send a jam signal, and then run an algorithm before retransmitting.
D. Collisions do not occur on CSMA/CD.
2. How is equal access to the wire managed in a collision-oriented environment such as Ethernet?
A. The hosts are given equal access based on the circulation of a token; hosts can only transmit when
they hold the token.
B. Hosts are given prioritized access to the wire based on their MAC address.
C. Hosts are given equal access to the wire by being allowed to transmit at specified time intervals.
D. Hosts signal their desire to transmit by sending a contention alert.
E. Hosts check the wire for activity before attempting to send; if a collision happens, they wait a
random time period before attempting to send again.
3. Which answer correctly lists the OSI PDUs in order?
A. Data, Packet, Frame, Segment, Bit
B. Bit, Data, Packet, Segment, Frame
C. Data, Segment, Packet, Frame, Bit
D. Bit, Frame, Segment, Packet, Data
4. Which transport layer protocol provides connection-oriented, reliable transport?
A. TFTP
B. UDP
C. Ethernet
D. TCP
E. Secure Shell
EDTECH 552, lab2
5. Which of the following are true when comparing TCP/IP to the OSI Reference Model? (Choose two.)
A. The TCP/IP model has seven layers while the OSI model has only four layers.
B. The TCP/IP model has four layers while the OSI model has seven layers.
C. The TCP/IP Application layer maps to the Application, Session, and Presentation layers of
the OSI Reference Model.
D. The TCP/IP Application layer is virtually identical to the OSI Application layer.
6. In which layer of the TCP/IP stack is framing found?
A. Network
B. Data Link
C. Internet
D. Network Access
7. Which of the following WAN technologies is considered packet switched?
A. Frame relay
B. T1 lines
C. Dial-up
D. DSL
8. Which OSI layer is concerned with reliable end-to-end delivery of data?
A. Application
B. Transport
C. Network
D. Data Link
9. Logical addressing is found in the ________________ layer, while physical addressing is found in the
________________ layer.
A. Physical, Network
B. Network, Physical
C. Data Link, Network
D. Network, Data Link
EDTECH 552, lab2
10. The OSI Reference Model layers, in order from top to bottom, are:
A. Application, Physical, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Presentation
B. Application, Presentation, Network, Session, Transport, Data Link, Physical
C. Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
D. Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical
11. In the diagram below what procedure is shown?
A. flow control
B. windowing
C. TCP handshake
D. reliable delivery
12. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a reference model?
A. divides the network communication process into smaller and simpler components
B. encourages industry standardization
C. enforces consistency across vendors
D. allows various types of network hardware and software to communicate
EDTECH 552, lab2
Lab 2.1 Packet Tracer
Introduction
Packet Tracer is a self-paced, visual, interactive teaching and learning tool developed by Cisco.
Lab activities are an important part of networking education. However, lab equipment can be a
scarce resource. Packet Tracer provides a visual simulation of equipment and network processes
to offset the challenge of limited equipment. Students can spend as much time as they like
completing standard lab exercises through Packet Tracer, and have the option to work from
home. Although Packet Tracer is not a substitute for real equipment, it allows students to
practice using a command-line interface. This “e-doing” capability is a fundamental component
of learning how to configure routers and switches from the command line.
Download and install packet tracer
a. You can download packet tracer from links below:
b. Windows version: Simply double click on the d to install the application.
Linux/Ubuntu version: Use "terminal" to install the linux/ubuntu version by running the
following commands:
1. sudo chmod +x filename.bin (note: filename should be replaced with the real file name)
2. ./filename.bin
Tutorial videos
Please watch Cisco Packet Tracer Tutorial 1:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrRT2UxS_L8&feature=related
EDTECH 552, lab2
Build a simple network
a. Build a simple network like the figure below using the packet tracer.
b. Set the IP address information for each PC according to the information in the table.
Computer
PC1
PC2
PC3
PC4
IP Address
192.168.0.101
192.168.0.102
192.168.0.103
192.168.0.104
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.1
c. Please save your configuration file and submit it with this week’s lab activities.
EDTECH 552, lab2
Lab 2.2 Using Wireshark to Observe the TCP 3-Way Handshake
Topology
Objectives
Part 1: Prepare Wireshark to Capture Packets
• Select an appropriate NIC interface to capture packets.
Part 2: Capture, Locate, and Examine Packets
• Capture a web session to www.google.com.
• Locate appropriate packets for a web session.
• Examine information within packets, including IP addresses, TCP port numbers, and TCP
control flags.
Background / Scenario
In this lab, you will use Wireshark to capture and examine packets generated between the PC
browser using the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and a web server, such as
www.google.com. When an application, such as HTTP or File Transfer Protocol (FTP) first starts
on a host, TCP uses the three-way handshake to establish a reliable TCP session between the
two hosts. For example, when a PC uses a web browser to surf the Internet, a three-way
handshake is initiated and a session is established between the PC host and web server. A PC
can have multiple, simultaneous, active TCP sessions with various web sites.
Note
• This lab cannot be completed using Packet Tracer. This lab assumes that you have Internet
access.
• Using a packet sniffer such as Wireshark may be considered as a threat by your security
application. If using Wireshark is an issue, please let me know.
Part 1: Prepare Wireshark to Capture Packets
EDTECH 552, lab2
Please download and install Wireshark from the link below:
http://www.wireshark.org/download.html
Step 1: Retrieve the PC interface addresses.
For this lab, you need to retrieve your PC’s IP address and its network interface card (NIC)
physical address, also called the MAC address.
a. Open a command prompt window, type ipconfi g /all and then press Enter.
b. Write down the IP and MAC addresses associated with the selected Ethernet adapter,
because that is the source address to look for when examining captured packets.
Q 2.2.1 The PC host IP address: ________________________________________________
Q 2.2.2 The PC host MAC address: ______________________________________________
Step 2: Start Wireshark and select the appropriate interface.
a. Click the Windows Start button and on the pop-up menu, double-click Wireshark.
b. After Wireshark starts, click Interface List.
EDTECH 552, lab2
c. In the Wireshark: Capture Interfaces window, click the check the box next to the interface
connected to your LAN.
Note:
If multiple interfaces are listed and you are unsure which interface to check, click Details. Click
the 802.3 (Ethernet) tab, and verify that the MAC address matches what you wrote down in
Step 1b. Close the Interface Details window after verification.
EDTECH 552, lab2
Part 2: Capture, Locate, and Examine Packets
Step 1: Click the Start button to start the data capture.
a. Go to www.google.com. Minimize the Google window, and return to Wireshark. Stop the data
capture. You should see captured traffic similar to that shown below in step b.
b. The capture window is now active. Locate the Source, Destination, and Protocol columns.
Step 2: Locate appropriate packets for the web session.
If the computer was recently started and there has been no activity in accessing the Internet,
you can see the entire process in the captured output, including the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP), Domain Name System (DNS), and the TCP three-way handshake. The capture screen in
Part 2, Step 1 shows all the packets the computer must get to www.google.com. In this case, the
PC already had an ARP entry for the default gateway; therefore, it started with the DNS query to
resolve www.google.com.
a. Frame 11 (the screen shot above) shows the DNS query from the PC to the DNS server,
attempting to resolve the domain name, www.google.com to the IP address of the web server.
The PC must have the IP address before it can send the first packet to the web server.
Q 2.2.3 What is the IP address of the DNS server that the computer queried?
____________________
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b. Frame 12 is the response from the DNS server with the IP address of www.google.com.
c. Find the appropriate packet for the start of your three-way handshake. In this example, frame
15 is the start of the TCP three-way handshake.
Q 2.2.4 What is the IP address of the Google web server?
__________________________________
d. If you have many packets that are unrelated to the TCP connection, it may be necessary to
use the Wireshark filter capability. Enter tcp in the filter entry area within Wireshark and
press Enter.
Step 3: Examine information within packets including IP addresses, TCP port numbers, and
TCP control flags.
a. In our example, frame 15 is the start of the three-way handshake between the PC and the
Google web server. In the packet list pane (top section of the main window), select the frame.
This highlights the line and displays the decoded information from that packet in the two lower
panes. Examine the TCP information in the packet details pane (middle section of the main
window).
b. Click the + icon to the left of the Transmission Control Protocol in the packet details pane to
expand the view of the TCP information.
c. Click the + icon to the left of the Flags. Look at the source and destination ports and the flags
that are set.
EDTECH 552, lab2
Note:
You may have to adjust the top and middle windows sizes within Wireshark to display the
necessary information.
Q. 2.2.5 What is the TCP source port number? __________________________ (In this example,
source port is 49523).
Q. 2.2.6 What is the TCP destination port number? _______________________
Q. 2.2.7 Which flag (or flags) is set? ________________________
Q. 2.2.8 What is the relative sequence number set to? ____________________
d. To select the next frame in the three-way handshake, select Go on the Wireshark menu and
select Next Packet In Conversation. In this example, this is frame 16. This is the Google web
server reply to the initial request to start a session.
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Q. 2.2.9 What are the values of the source and destination ports?
______________________________________
Q. 2.2.10 Which flags are set?
___________________________________________________________________
Q. 2.2.11 What are the relative sequence and acknowledgement numbers set to?
___________________________________________________________________
e. Finally, examine the third packet of the three-way handshake in the example. Clicking frame
17 (your number might be different) in the top window displays the information similar to the
screen shot below:
EDTECH 552, lab2
Examine the third and final packet of the handshake.
Q. 2.2.12 Which flag (or flags) is set?
_____________________________________________________________
The relative sequence and acknowledgement numbers are set to 1 as a starting point. The TCP
connection is now established, and communication between the source computer and the web
server can begin.
f. Close the Wireshark program.