AP Biology: Anatomy and Physiology Worksheet #1
Chapters 40, 41 and 42
Directions: Using your textbook and any notes you have, complete the following
questions. Due: Monday
Introduction:
Concept 40.1 Animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization
1. Animals need to exchange materials with their environment. This process occurs as
substances dissolved in an aqueous medium move across the plasma membrane of each
cell. For each of the following organisms, explain how this is possible:
amoeba
hydra
tapeworm
whale
2. Animal form and function reflect evolution. Function correlates with Structure.
List the major types of tissues and their function.
3. How are body plans influenced by the environment?
4. How do animals regulate their internal environments (i.e., homeostasis)? Give
examples.
5. What is thermoregulation? Explain the difference between ectothermy and
endothermy.
Digestion Chapter 41:
1. From chapter 41 , list the 8 essential amino acids and examples of foods that they
are in.
2. From chapter 41 , look at the tables on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in
humans.
A. What does RDA mean?
B. What’s the difference between water soluble and fat soluble? Give some
examples of each.
C. In your opinion which vitamins and minerals seem to be the “most”
important and with a deficiency could cause serious problems?
D. Do you see any symptoms that you might have that could be remedied by
eating foods with that mineral or vitamin? If so, what?
3. What is an opportunistic feeder? A herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore?
4. What is the difference between a suspension feeder, a substrate feeder, deposit
feeder, fluid feeder, and bulk feeder? Give examples.
5. Discuss the difference between intracellular and extracellular digestion and give
examples.
6. Describe how hydra, earthworms, grasshoppers and birds digestive systems are
similar and dissimilar to human digestive systems.
7. Please fill out the following chart:
Carbohydrate
Digestion
Protein
Digestion
Nucleic Acid
Digestion
Fat Digestion
Oral Cavity,
pharynx,
esophagus
Stomach
Lumen of
Small Intestine
Epithelium of
Small Intestine
8. Describe how hormones help regulate digestion.
9. Discuss some structural adaptations of the digestive system that are associated
with diet and how symbiotic microorganisms help nourish many vertebrates.
10. Digestive enzymes are not constantly produced. Explain what the functions of
gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are.
11. Do the 10 multiple choice at the end of chapter 41 and record your answers
below.
Circulation and Gas Exchange Chapter 42:
1. Compare and contrast the invertebrate and vertebrate circulatory systems and give
examples.
2. What is the cardiac cycle? And, how does the heart regulate contractions?
3. What are the structural differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries?
4. What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?
5. What is the lymphatic system and its role in the body?
6. What are the major components of plasma and cellular elements in the blood?
7. What is atherosclerosis?
8. How does blood clot? Can you think of any genetic diseases related to abnormal
blood clotting?
9. Describe different modes of gas exchange in animals.
10. What is the difference between negative and positive pressure breathing?
11. How is gas exchange and circulation regulated?
12. Describe blood buffering.
13. Do the 10 multiple choice on at the end of the chapter and record your answers
below.