SSttuuddeenntt E
Evvaalluuaattiioonn G
Guuiiddee
H
Hiissttoollooggyy C
Coouurrssee ffoorr 22nndd yyeeaarr
University: Minia
Faculty: Medicine
Course specification:
Programme (s), on which the course is given: 2nd year of MBBCh Programme.
Major or minor elements of program: Histology for 2nd year medical students including different
systems of the body.
Faculty offering the program: Faculty of Medicine.
Department offering the course: Histology department.
Academic year: 2nd year of MBBCh Programme.
Date of specification approval: June 2009
A. Basic Information:
Title: Histology
Code: 212 ‫هـ س‬
Credit hours: Not applicable
Lectures: 30 lectures (56 hrs lectures + 4 hrs revision; 2hours/week, for 30 weeks)
Practical: Total of 60 hours (2hours/week for 30 weeks).
B. Professional Information
(1) OVERALL AIMS OF COURSE
Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
Recognize and understand the normal structure of different organs and
various systems of the human body as well as to realize the functional
significance of different histological parts within the system and organ. To
differentiate between normal and abnormal histological findings thus
preparing the student for the study of histopathology in the 3rd year.
(2) INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES OF COURSE (ILOS)
a- Knowledge and understanding:
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:a1- Describe the normal histological structure of various systems and organs.
a2- Identify various levels of sections in the spinal cord and brain stem.
a3- Describe histological structure of both cerebrum and cerebellum with its
connections.
1
b- Intellectual skills
By the end of the course the student should be able to:b1- Correlate between histological structure and function of different organs
and systems
b2- Define the part of the body from which the section is taken.
b3- Define the altered structure of different organs and systems present in
some diseases and pathological conditions.
c- Professional and practical skills:
After completing the course, the student should be able to:c1-Perform various types of special stains of different organs.
c2-Use the microscope efficiently.
c3-Handle different laboratory tools perfectly (e.g microtome, cryostate
micropipettes).
d- General and transferable skills:
After completing the course the student should be able to:d1-Reach microscopic diagnosis of normal structure and notice any
abnormal changes.
d2-Work in / with different groups.
d3-Give his or her opinion regarding update scientific problems (e.g.
transcription).
3-COURSE CONTENTS:
Topic
Skin and its appendages
Respiratory system
Digestive tract
Digestive glands
Endocrine glands
Urinary system
Male genital system
Female genital system
Eye
Ear
C.N.S
Revision & Discussion
Total
Lectures 2hrs/w
4
4
8
6
6
4
6
4
4
2
8
4
60
2
Practical 2hrs/w
2
6
10
8
6
4
6
6
4
4
8
One week
60
1. Describe structure of olfactory part
of nasal mucosa.
2. Describe structure of respiratory
part of nasal mucosa.
3. Discuss structure of trachea.
4. Differentiate between extra and
intra-pulmonary bronchus.
5. Differentiate between bronchus
and bronchiole.
6. Outline the epithelium of different
parts of the conducting portion of
respiratory system.
7. Discuss:
 alveolar epithelium.
 Clara cells.
 Alveolar phagocytes.
8. Summarize the defensive
mechanism of respiratory system.
Hours
evaluation
*
*
*
*
*
1
3
1
2
-
- 7%
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3
3
synthesis
*
analysis
*
%
4 hours
1. Lable layers of epidermis of thick
skin and describe each layer.
2. Differentiate between thick and
thin skin.
3. Describe dendritic cells of skin.
4. Differentiate between merocrine
and apocrine sweat gland.
5. Discuss sebaceous gland.
6. Illustrate structure of hair and hair
follicles.
comprehens
ion
application
levels
knowledge
ILOs
4 hours
Respiratory system
Skin
content
3
-
3
- 1
%11
evaluation
synthesis
*
**
*
*
*
*
*
*
10 hours
Digestive system
hours
*
1. Discuss structure of lip with
reference to the red margin.
2. Compare between types of lingual
papillae.
3. Describe the general plan of the
digestive tract and discuss the
adaptation to function in each part.
4. Discuss the changes in structure in:
i. Oesphages.
ii. Gastro-osphageal
junction.
iii. Pyloro-dudinal
junction.
5. Describe intestinal villi and its
covering epithelium.
6. Describe crypts of Leiburkuhn.
7. Describe different cell types of
fundic gland.
8. Differentiate between fundus and
pylorus.
9. Differentiate between small and
large intestine.
10. Describe the structure of appendix.
11. Describe mucosa of small intestine.
12. Illustrate the excretory part of
salivary glands.
13. Compare between mucous and
serous acini.
14. Discuss the structure of islets of
Langerhans.
15. Describe the exocrine pancreas.
16. Differentiate between pancreas and
parotid.
17. Compare between hepatic lobules
and mention the significance of liver
acinus.
18. Illustrate EM of hepatocytes.
19. Describe hepatic sinusoids .
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-
4
%
analysis
levels
comprehensio
n
application
ILOs
Knowledge
Content
14
2
6
-
- 22
%
1. Classify chromophils.
%
hours
evaluation
synthesis
analysis
levels
comprehens
ion
Application
ILOs
knowledge
content
*
2. Describe the structure of pars
*
nervosa.
3. Summarize
blood
supply
of
*
pituitary gland and its significance.
4. Describe follicular cells.
*
5. Describe structure & function of
*
6. Summarize
steps
of
thyroxin
*
7. Assess the role of iodine in
*
formation.
4 hours
Endocrine
glands
C-cells.
thyroxin formation.
8. Differentiate between structure of
*
thyroid and mammary gland.
9. Describe
parenchyma
of
*
parathyroid gland and mention the
function of each cell type.
10. Describe
layers
of
suprarenal
*
cortex.
11. Summarize
the
characters
of
*
steroid secreting cells and give
examples for it.
*
12. Describe chromaffin cells.
_ 6
5
_ 2
_ 4
12%
*
*
Name parts of uriniferous tubule.
Name parts of nephron.
Describe renal corpuscle.
Interpret how the structure of
podocyte adopt to function with a
special reference to blood renal
barrier.
5. Discuss the structure and function
of mesangial cells.
6. Compare between cells
of
proximal and distal convoluted
tubules.
7. Describe medullary ray.
8. Illustrate the structure of urinary
bladder.
9. Illustrate the structure of ureter.
10. Outline the type of epithelium of
different parts of loop of Henl.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
6
4 hours
Urinary system
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
2
2
- 1
10%
Female genital system
evaluation
synthesis
*
*
4 hours
*
*
*
*
*
*
- 7
-
-
8%
- 1
*
1. Discuss stages of maturation of
ovarian follicles.
2. Formulate a relation between
ovarian follicles and pituitary
hormones.
3. Describe structure and fate of
corpus lutium.
4. summarize oogenesis.
5. Define the structure of:
 Fallobian tube.
 Vagina
 Uterus.
6. Interpret
the
changes
of
endometrium with each cycle.
7. Analyze each phase of menstrual
cycle and
its relation with
pituitary hormones.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
3
7
Hours
4 hours
Male genital system
1. Describe germinal epithelium of
testis.
2. Describe sertoli cells and assess its
role in spermatogenesis.
3. Describe structure and function of
interstitial cells of Leydig.
4. Describe the structure of:
 Epidedimis
 Seminal vesicle
 Vas deference
 Prostate gland.
%
analysis
levels
comprehens
ion
application
ILOs
knowledge
content
2
-
1
1
2
9%
*
*
4 hours
*
*
*
*
*
*
- 2
3
9%
- 3
*
1. Define the structure of the
tympanic membrane.
2. Describe the middle ear.
3. Asess the role of the three bony
ossicles in hearing process.
4. Define austachian tube and its
lining epithelium.
5. Illustrate structure of semicircular
canals.
6. Describe the structure of crista
ampullaris.
7. Describe the vestibule of the inner
ear.
8. Summarize the structure of coclear
duct.
9. Describe the structure of organ of
Corti.
10. Summarize the mechanism of
hearing.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
11%
2
8
hours
evaluation
synthesis
%
4 hours
Eye
Ear
1. Label layers of the eye ball.
*
2. Describe the structure of cornea.
3. Debate why the cornea is
transparent while sclera is opaque.
4. Summarize the changes at limbus
and its clinical importance.
5. Identify the structure of iris.
*
6. Discuss the structure of the
pigmented epithelium of retina
7. Describe photoreceptors.
8. Differentiate between rods and
cones.
9. Summarize layers of retina.
10. List the cells present in the inner *
nuclear layer.
11. Assess the importance of fovea
centralis.
3
analysis
levels
comprehens
ion
application
ILOs
knowledge
content
4
1
-
- 4
(4) TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS:
4.1- Lectures: Two hours/week through the academic year for 30 weeks.
4.2- Practical sessions: Two hours/week of practical training and
demonstration throughout the academic year for 30 weeks. The students are
divided into 10 groups each include 40 students; each four students share
one microscope.
(5) STUDENT ASSESSMENT METHODS
5.1- Written exams to assess the student’s comprehension and
understanding of subjects regularly studied during the course. Also to
develop the capability of the student to apply the knowledge that has been
achieved to solve problems.
5.2- Practical exam. To assess ability of the student for applying
information studied in the course in description and drawing of various
tissue sections examined microscopically and displayed using the overhead
projector.
5.3- Oral exam. -To assess the student knowledge, intellectual and
communication capabilities.
 Assessment schedule:
*Assessment 1: MCQ exam. Held twice a year in November and March.
*Assessment 2: Mid-term exam. Week 15.
*Assessment 3: End of year (Written, practical and oral) week 30.





Weighing of assessment:
30 degrees
Mid-term exam
75 degrees
Final term exam
15 degrees
Oral exam
15 degrees
Practical exam
(5 degrees MCQ Exam + 5 degrees
practical notebook +5 degrees
Assignments in the form of
Essay or poster)
15 degrees
 Semester work
150 degrees
Total
9
20%
50%
10%
10%
10%
100%
‫جدول مواصفات االختبار التحصيلى لمادة الهستولوجى‬
‫مستويات األهداف التربوية المعرفية‬
‫المحتوى‬
‫( الموضوعات )‬
‫الدرس االول‬
‫‪skin‬‬
‫الدرس الثانى‬
‫‪Respiratory system‬‬
‫تقويم‬
‫النسبةالمئوية‬
‫للوزن النسبى‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪%7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪%11‬‬
‫معرفة‬
‫فهم‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫تطبيق تحليل‬
‫تركيب‬
‫عدد‬
‫الوزن‬
‫الساعات‬
‫النسبى‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
‫الدرس الثالث‬
‫‪Digestive system‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪22 %‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪%26.3‬‬
‫الدرس الرابع‬
‫‪Endocrine system‬‬
‫الدرس الخامس‬
‫‪Urinary system‬‬
‫الدرس السادس‬
‫‪Male genital system‬‬
‫الدرس السابع‬
‫‪Female genital system‬‬
‫الدرس الثامن‬
‫‪Special sence:‬‬
‫‪1) eye‬‬
‫الدرس التاسع‬
‫‪Special sence:‬‬
‫‪2) ear‬‬
‫النسبة المئوية للوزن النسبى‬
‫لالهداف‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪12%‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪11 %‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪9%‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪8%‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪11%‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ساعات‬
‫ساعتان‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
‫‪%5.26‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪11%‬‬
‫ساعتان‬
‫‪%5.26‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪45‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪111 %‬‬
‫المجموع‬
‫‪38‬ساعة‬
‫‪%111‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
‫‪%11.5‬‬
(7) LIST OF REFERENCES:
A- Course notes and handouts:
1- Department book
2- Histology part I and part II for medical students by Prof.
Dr. Zakaria Abd Al-Hamid.
3- Introduction to functional and clinical histology part I and
part II Prf. Ayman Ghalab .
4- Manual of practical histology by Prof. Saadia Ragab.
B- Recommended textbooks:
1- Basic histology, Junqueira et al, 1998.
2- Bloom and fawcett: Concise Histology. Fawcett, 1999 .
3- Cell biology and histology. Gartner et al, 1998.
4- Clinical and functional histology for medical students. Snell, 1984.
5- Functional histology: A text and color Atlas, wheather et al., 1997.
6- Cormack D.: A textbook, Ham's Histology 1997.
7- Human Histology, Stevens and Lowe 1997.
8- A text and Atlas of Histology by Leeson and Leeson 1995.
11
Skin
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1.Name the five layers of epidermis of thick skin. Then, interpret why stratum
spinosum is so named.
2. Evaluate the role of Langerhan cell in immunological reactions of skin.
3. Differentiate in a table, between merocrine and apocrine sweat gland.
4.Differentiate in a table, between thick and thin skin.
5.Demonstrate by drawing, the structure of hair follicle then label the different
structures of it.

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which of the following layers comprise the skin?
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
c. Hypodermis
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
2. Which cell is a macrophage found in the skin?
a. Kupffer cells
b. Histiocyte
c. Dust cell
d. Langerhans cell
3. Which cell is found in the dermis?
a. Langerhans cell
b. Keratinocyte
c. Melanocyte
d. Merkel cell
e. Fibroblast
12
4. Which cell is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?
a. Langerhans cell
b. Keratinocyte
c. Melanocyte
d. Merkel cell
5. Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in the dermis?
a. Free nerve endings
b. Ruffini's corpuscles
c. Pacinian corpuscles
d. Krause's end bulbs
e. Meissner's corpuscle
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. Thick skin found in ……..
2. A macrophage found in the skin is………..
3. The most abundant sensory receptor of the skin is ………...
4. The layer of the epidermis is present only in thick skin is stratum ………….
5. The type of epithelium which forms the epidermis of skin is …………
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Sebaceous glands is a merocrine gland.
2. Reticular layer of dermis is formed of dense irregular connective tissue.
3. Langerhan cell is a mechanoreceptor for touch.
4. Pacinian corpuscles in the skin respond to pain.
5. Gooze skin results from contraction of muscles.
13
Respiratory system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Discuss the structure of olfactory part of nasal mucosa.
2. Desccribe respiratory epithelium and interpret its modifications in different parts of
the respiratory passage.
3. Discuss the structure of trachea
4. Summarize the defensive mechanism of respiratory system.
5. Differentiate in a table between bronchus and bronchiole.

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway?
a. Bronchi
b. Alveolar ducts
c. Alveoli
d. Alveolar sacs
e. Respiratory bronchioles
2. Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
a. Kupffer cells
b. Histiocyte
c. Dust cell
d. Langerhans cell
e. Microglia
3. What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa?
a. Ciliated cells
b. Goblet cells
c. Basal cells
14
d. Brush cells
e. All of the above
4. What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Pseudostratified epithelium
5. What type of cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?
a. Basal cells
b. Brush cells
c. Olfactory cells
d. Sustentacular cells
e. All of the above
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. The rings of the trachea are formed of…………
2. The first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur
is…………..
3. The squamous pulmonary epithelial cell is…………….
4. The epithelium lines the vestibule is………………..
5. The functional unit of the respiratory tree where gas exchange occurs is………..
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. The larynx is formed of hyaline cartilages.
2. Olfactory cell is a multipolar neuron.
3. The pharynx is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
4. Respiratory bronchiole is not a part of the conducting portion of the airway.
5. Clara cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte.
15
Digestive system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Differentiate in a table between the four types of lingual papillae.
2. Summarize how the structure of the digestive tract adapt to function in each part.
3. Illustrate by drawing the structure of gastro-osphageal junction and label the
different structures.
4. Differentiate in a table between structure of small and large intestine.
5. Giscuss each of the following:

Villous epithelium

Crypts of Leiburkuhn

Brunner' s glands
6. Describe the duct system of salivary glands.
7. Differentiate in a table between pancreas and parotid.
8. Evaluate the role of the following cells in digestion:


Peptic cells

Pancreatic acinar cells
Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which type of papillae on the tongue is not well developed in man?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
2. Where are Peyer's patches located?
a. Esophagus
16
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Rectum
3. Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
c. Mucous neck cells
e. Both a and b
4. Which type of papillae on the tongue is arranged in a "V" shape on the tongue?
a. Filiform papillae
b. Circumvallate papillae
c. Fungiform papillae
d. Foliate papillae
e. All of the above
5. Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
c. Mucous neck cells
e. Both a and b
6. Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous
epithelium?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
e. Rectum
7. What are the folds of the stomach called?
a. Ruffled border
b. Taeniae coli
c. Gastric glands
17
d. Rugae
e. Gastric pits
8. Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
a. Parietal cells
b. Oxyntic cells
c. Chief cells
d. Mucous neck cells
9. Which layer contains Meissner's plexus?
a. Mucosa
b. Sub mucosa
c. Muscularis externa
d. Serosa
e. Adventitia
10. What are the modifications of the musculosa that is seen on the large intestine?
a. Teniae coli
b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
c. Plicae circulares
d. Striated border
e. Villi
11. Where are Brunner's glands located?
a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
12. What is the primary cell of the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine?
a. Columnar absorptive cell
b. Goblet cell
c. Parietal cells
d. Paneth cells
e. Chief cells
13. What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder ?
a. Mucosa
b. Muscularis mucosa
c. Muscularis
18
d. Adventita
e. Serosa
14. Which cell is a hepatic macrophage?
a. Kupffer cells
b. Histiocyte
c. Dust cell
d. Langerhans cell
e. Microglia
15. The space of Disse' contains
a. microvilli of hepatocytes.
b. Ito cells
c. Reticular fibers
d. All of the above
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. The type of lingual papillae with no taste buds is called…………..
2. The lymphatic capillary within a villus of the small intestine is called…….
3. The innermost layer of the GI tract called …………..
4. The space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called…………
5. Most of the gastrointestinal tract is lined by ………………
6. Blood runs through between the hepatocytes in …………
7. Goblet cells are most numerous in …………………
8. Islets of Langerhans most numerous in the ……….. region.
9. The epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue constitutes ………
10. The exocrine portion of the pancreas is formed of …… and ……
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Circumvallate papillae is mashroom shape.
2. M- cells are present over the short villi of duodenum.
3. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are another term for the intestinal glands.
4. The endothelium of hepatic sinusoids is non fenestrated.
5. In liver acinus, cells in zone one are most vulnerable to necrosis.
19
6. Hepatocytes have many rER for detoxification of nutrients.
7. The acini of parotid gland is of the mixed type.
8. Pancreatic acini secretes insulin hormone.
9. Brunner glands are present in the submucosa of large intestine.
10. Absorptive cells have striated border.
Endocrine glands
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Summarize steps of thyroxin formation.
2. Describe the structure and function str pars nervosa.
3. Compare between the structure of thyroid and mammary glands.
4. Mention the characters of steroid Secreting cells and give examples for them.
5. Evaluate the significance of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation.

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY
ONE answer:
1. Which cell type are involved in the secretion of calcitonin?
a. Principal cell
b. Oxyphil cell
c. Parafollicular cells
d. Follicular cells
e. Chromaffin cells
2. Which of the following is a component of the adrenal medulla?
a. Chromaffin cells
b. Zona reticularis
c. Zona glomerulosa
d. Zona fasciculata
e. All of the above
3. Where is antidiuretic hormone (oxitocin) secreted from?
a. Pars intermedia
b. Pars tuberalis
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c. Infundibulum
d. Adenohypophysis
e. Neurohypophysis
4. Which gland secretes glucagon?
a. Pancreas
b. Thyroid
c. Pineal gland
d. Adrenal gland (cortex)
e. Adrenal gland (medulla)
5. What does formation of thyroxin require?
a. Calcium
b. Phosphorus
c. magnisium
d. Iodine
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. ……… connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus
2. Catecholamines are secreted from ……….
3. C cells are also called ……….
4. The hypothalamo- hypophyseal tract carries ……… & ……..to the target secretory
cells in pars distalis.
5. The adrenal ……… receives dual blood supply.
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Increase in somatotroph activity befor puperty results in acromegaly.
2. Capillaries in endocrine glands are usually of the continuous type.
3. Follicular cells of the thyroid gland are also called C cells.
4. Vasopressin hormone acts on distal convoluted tubules of kidney.
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Urinary system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Identify parts of uriniferous tubule.
2. Evaluate the role of podocyte in urine formation.
3. Assess the role of juxtaglomerular apparatus in controlling the blood pressure.
4. Compare in a table between proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
5. Illustrate by drawing the structure of:


Urinary bladder

Ureter
Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Where are podocytes seen?
a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
c. Pedicels
d. Juxtaglomerular cells
e. Macula densa
2. What is the Malpighian corpuscle?
a. Glomerulus
b. Bowman's capsulec. Renal corpuscle
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal convoluted tubule
3. What are the foot processes on podocytes?
a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule
c. Pedicels
d. Juxtaglomerular cells
e. Macula densa
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4. What is the correct term for the foot processes on podocytes?
a. Pedis
b. Pedicels
c. Pedalis
d. Pes
e. Pediocyte
5. What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?
a. Glomerulus
b. Bowman's capsule
c. Renal corpuscle
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal convoluted tubule
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. A projection of the medulla into the renal cortex is called …………
2. A renal pyramid and its associated cortex is referred to ………….
3. The correct term for the foot processes on podocytes is ………..
4. The type of epithelium lining the kidney tubules is …………..
5. Renin is secreted from ………..
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Mesangial cells secrete rennin hormone.
2. The glomerulus is in fact a peritubular capillary.
3. The interlobular artery gives efferent arteriole to supply the glomerulus.
4. Endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries have wide open pores.
5. Filtration slit membrane is a component of blood renal barrier.
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Male genital system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Assess the role of sertoli cells in spermatogenesis.
2. Describe the steps of spermiogenesis.
3. Describe the site and function of interstitial cells
4. Describe the parenchyma of prostate gland.
5. Illustrate by drawing the structure of:
a. Epididemis
b. Vas Deference
c. Seminal vesicle

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells?
a. Inhibin
b. Androgen binding protein
c. Testosterone
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above
2.What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles?
a. Pseudostratified
b. Simple columnar
c. Stratified squamous
d. Simple squamous
e. Simple cuboidal
3. What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?
a. Pseudostratified
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b. Simple columnar
c. Stratified squamous
d. Simple squamous
e. Simple cuboida
4. Which is the largest accessory structure of the male reproductive system
a. Epididymis
b. Prostate
c. Seminal vesicle
d. Bulbourethral gland
e. Cowper's gland.
5. What is the mature sperm cell?
a. Primary spermatocytes
b. Secondary spermatocytes
c. Spermatids
d. Spermatozoa
e. Spermatogonia
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Sertoli cells produce testosterone.
2. The epididymis is lined by Simple squamous epithelium.
3. Leydig cells cells are directly involved in spermatogenesis.
4. The spherical structures seen in some prostatic alveoli is called prostatic
concretions.
5. The stroma of the prostate is formed of fibromuscular connective tissues.
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. ……….. cells in the testis are also called "nurse cells".
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2. The capsule that surrounds the testes is termed ……..
3. The "cap"at the anterior portion of a spermatozoon is a ……….
4. The surface modification seen on the cells of the epididymis are …………
5. Primary spermatocytes have ………. Number of chromosomes.
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Female genital system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Describe Graffian follicle.
2. Define corpus luteum and discuss its fate.
3. Summarize the role of pituitary hormones on female menstrual cycle.
4. Draw and label the structure of:

Fallobian tube

Uterus

Vagina
5. Describe the blood placental barrier.

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which stage of the follicle is arrested in prophase?
a. Primordial follicle
b. Primary follicle
c. Secondary follicle
d. Mature follicle
e. Graffian follicle
2. Which follicular stage is also called an antral follicle?
a. Primordial follicle
b. Primary follicle
c. Secondary follicle
d. Mature follicle
e. Graffian follicle
3. Which stage of the follicle is characterized by a surrounding of flattened
(squamous) follicular cells?
a. Primordial follicle
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b. Primary follicle
c. Secondary follicle
d. Mature follicle
e. Graffian follicle
4. What occurs cyclically in a female?
a. Oogenesis
b. Ovary
c. Ovulation
d. Oocyte
e. Ova
5. Ovulation is triggered by a dramatic increase in which hormone?
a. FSH
b. LH
c. HCG
d. Estrogen
e. Progesterone
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. The acidophilic glycoprotein coat which surrounds the oocyte is the …………
2. A mature gamete is called …………
3. The main hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicles from day 1 to day
10 of the cycle is …………….
4. .When the follicle is surrounded by many layers of cuboidal follicular cells, it is
termed …………
5. The corpus luteum is maintained by ……… hormone during pregnancy.
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. A mature follicle is also called graffian follicle.
2. The correct term for the production of gametes in females is called ovulation.
3. Fallobian tube is lined by transitional epithelium.
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4. The appearance of the antrum characterizes primary follicle.
5. The follicular cells are also called granulose cells.
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EYE
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Explain causes of corneal transparency.
2. Compare in a table between rods and cones.
3. Describe the changes which occur at the ljmbus.
4. Identify layers of retina.
5. Define:


Macula lutea

Fovea centralis

Blind spot
Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?
a. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata
2. What are the receptors for vision?
a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Both a and b
3. What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?
a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple cuboidal
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d. Simple columnar
e. Transitional epithelium
4. Which one of the following is not found in the retina?
a. Hexle's layer
b. Bipolar cells
c. Amacrine cells
d. Rods
e. Ganglion cells
5. What is the inner limiting membrane is formed by?
a. Foot processes of podocytes
b. Foot processes of astrocytes
c. Foot processes of Muller cells.
d. Foot processes of ganglion
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. The region associated with maximum visual acuity is ……………
2. The retina is devoid of photoreceptors at the ………….
3. The sclera is formed of ………..collagen with fibrocytes.
4. The visual pigment present in rods is called ………
5. All neuroglia cells are present in the ……… layer of retina.
6. Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or
false. Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. The space anterior to the iris is the vitreal cavity.
2. Neurons in the retina are unipolar.
3. Substantia propria forms the bulk of the cornea.
4. Aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into canal of Hering.
5. The white of your eye referes to sclera.
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EAR
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Describe the structure of each of the following:

Tympanic membrane

Middle ear

Austachian tube
2. Describe the membranous labyrinth in semicircular canals.
3. Illustrate the structure of macula.
4. Describe the contents and relations of the coclear duct.
5. Discuss the mechanism of hearing and evaluate the role of organ of Corti in it .

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. What is within the membranous labyrinth?
a. Lymph
b. Blood
c. Endolymph
d. Perilymph
e. Air
2. What is within the bony labyrinth?
a. Lymph
b. Blood
c. Endolymph
d. Perilymph
e. Air
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3. Where is the organ of Corti?
a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Crista ampullaris
d. Semicircular canals
e. Cochlea
4. Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti?
a. Cells of Hensen
b. Hair cells
c. Inner border cells
d. Outer phalangeal cells
e. Inner pillar cells
5. Where is crista ampullaris present?a. Saccule
b. Utricle
c. Organ of Corti
d. Semicircular ducts
e. Cochlea
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. Scala vetibuli contain fluid called …………
2. Coclear duct contain fluid called …………
3. The sensory receptor for hearing is …………
4. The sensory receptor for position is ………….
5. The sensory receptor for movement ………….
6. Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or
false. Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Utricle is shaped like a snail shell.
2. The crista ampullaris recognizes sound.
3. The membranous labrynth within the semicircular canals is the macula.
4. The atolitic membrane contains calcium carbonate crystals.
5. The tympanic membrane is formed mainly of collagen.
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Central nervous system
 Read carefully every question then answer as required:
1. Describe layers of gray matter of the cerebral cortex.
2. Describe formation and circulation of CSF.
3. Discuss the components of the blood brain barrier and evaluate its significance.
4. Outline the pathway of cortico-spinal tract and summarize the effect of lesion.
5. Describe medial longitudinal bundle and interpret its significance.
6. Illustrate the following:
a. Pathway of pain and temperature.
b. Pathway of deep sensation.
c. Superior level of midbrain
d. Inferior level of pons
e. Open medulla
f. Closed medulla (sensory decussation)

Read carefully the heading of each question, then choose ONLY ONE
answer:
1. Which meninges is made of dense connective tissue?
a. Dura mater
b. Arachnoid
c. Pia mater
d. Both a and b
e. All of the above
2. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid?
a. Between the dura mater and bone
b. Subdural space
c. Subarachnoid space
d. Between the pia mater and brain
e. None of the above
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3. Which of the following is found in the cerebellum?
a. Schwann cells
b. Basket cells
c. Purkinge cells
d. Neuroglia
e. Satellite cells
4. Which of the following is involved in the blood brain barrier?
a. Astrocytes
b. Ependymal cells
c. Oligodendrocytes
d. Microglia
e. Schwann cells
5. What is a group of fibers traveling together?
a. Tracts
b. Islets
c. Cortex
d. Nuclei
 Read carefully the following sentences and find out if it is true or false.
Then, correct the false one and rewrite the sentence:
1. Dura matter is composed of loose connective tissue.
2. The ventricles are lined by Astrocytes.
3. What is white matter is formed of myelinated nerve fibers.
4. Red nucleus is present in the medulla oblongata.
5. Pyramidal tracts control voluntary movement of the same side of the body.
 Read the following sentences then complete the missing word/s:
1. Spinal leminiscus is an ascending sensory bundle carring ……, …... sensation.
2. The continuation of medial longitudinal bundle in the spinal cord is called
………..
3. The red nucleus is so called because it is ………………
4. The menings which covers the brain intimately is the …………..
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5. The CSF is formed by ……… which invaginate in the lumen of the ventricles.
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