习题
Chapter One Greek Culture and Roman Culture
Fill in the blanks:
1. European culture is made up of many elements, which have gone through changes over the
centuries. Two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are: the
______element, and the ______ element.
2. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. He probably lived around 700
B.C. Two such epics, the _____ and the Odyssey, have survived.
3. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in _____
4. The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable
phenomenon in history known as the ________
5. She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of ________.
6. After ________, the Roman Empire was permanently divided into East and West.
7. In ________, the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths and this marked the end of
the West Roman Empire.
True or False:
1. Socrates ever said ―You cannot step twice into the same river. ( )
2. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 476. ( )
3. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. ( )
4. Once every 4 years the Greeks had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of
sports. Thus began the Olympic Games. Revived in 1986, the Olympic Games have become the
world‘s foremost amateur sports competition. ( )
5. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western
countries. ( )
6. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium,
renamed it Istanbul. ( )
7. The Pantheon was the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple. ( )
8. She-wolf is a painting which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome. ( )
9. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud‘s term ―the Oedipus complex‖ was derived from
Sophocles‘s play. ( )
Chapter Two The Bible and Christianity
Multiple choices:
1. Which of the following is by far the most influential religion in the West? ____ A. Buddhism B.
Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism
2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first
five books, called ___. A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentateuch
3. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and
outlawed all other religious? A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine D. Nero Caesar
4. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?
A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine
5. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ___.
A. the Latin Vulgate B. the Aristeas C. the ―Authorize D. the Septuagint
Fill in the blanks:
1. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in ___---the hub of migration and trade routes, which
led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.
2. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews --- the ___ wandered through the deserts of the
Middle East.
3. About 1300 B.C. , the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as ___ at that time, and
formed small kingdoms.
4. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of
folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the ___.
5. Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor___
6. Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by ___.
7. In 313 the ____ was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made
Christianity legal.
8. By 300 A.D. each local church was called a___ and had a full time leader known as ___.
9. Towards the end of the ___ century , four accounts were accepted as part of the New Testament,
which tells the beginning of Christianity.
10. It is generally accepted that___ and ___are two great reservoirs of Modern English.
Interpretation:
1. the Bible 2. the Pentateuch 3. the Edict of Milan
Chapter Three The Middle Ages
Multiple Choice:
1. The Middle Ages is also called the ____.
A. ― Age of Christianity‖ B. ― Age of literature‖ C. ― Age of Holy Spirit‖ D. ― Age of
Faith‖
2. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?
____
A. after 1066 B. after 1296 C. after 1054 D. after 476
3. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? __
A. to be loyal to his lord B. to fight for the church C. to obey without question the orders of the
abbot D. to respect women of noble birth
4. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? ____
A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler
D. St. Benedict, an Italian ruler
5. Under Feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _____
A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights,
nobles and serfs
6. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Europe is NOT true?
___
A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval. B. A noble began his education as a page at
the age of seven. C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church. D. At about fourteen, the
page became a knight.
7. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades
and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? _
A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291
8. Which of the following was crowned ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800? ___
A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. Charlemagne C. Constantine D. King James
9. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the
medieval European culture?
A. Charles I B. Constantine I C. Alfred the Great D. Charles the Great
10. Who is the author of The Canterbury Tales?_______
A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas
True or False:
1. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding --- a system of holding land in
exchange for military service. ( )
2. Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy,
lords and peasants. ( )
3. The Pope not only ruled Rome and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of all Christian
churches in western Europe. ( )
4. In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court --- the Inquisition to stamp out so-called
heresy. ( )
5. Alfred the Great was crowned ―Emperor of the Romans‖ by the Pope in 800. ( )
6. Song of Roland is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective
efforts of oral literature. ( )
7. Dante was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales was his most
popular work for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.
()
8. The pope not only ruled Rome and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of all Christian
churches in western Europe. ( )
9. The crusades went on about 200 years and they finally achieved their goal to regain the Holy
land. ( )
10. Chaucer is regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.
()
Interpretation:
1. National Epics
2. Code of Chivalry
Chapter Four Renaissance and Reformation
Multiple Choices:
1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?
____.
A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and Venice C. in Milan and Florence D. in Italy and
Germany
2. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? ____
A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. David D. Moses
3. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? _____
A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione
4. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?
____
A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo
5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (Virgin
Mary)?___
A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo
6. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a
donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? _______
A. Sacred and Profane Love B. Tempesta C. The Return of The Huntersw D. Flight into Egypt
7. Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ____
A. Jan Hus B. John Wycliff C. Martin Luther D. John Calvin
8. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?
___
A. King B. Pope C. Bishop D. Queen
9. Who was the discoverer of the New World?
A. Columbus B. Dias C. da Gama D. Vespucci
10. ―To be, or not to be, ---- that is the question‖ from whose works? _______
A. Chaucer B. Dante C. Roger Bacon D. Shakespeare
True or False:
1. The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. ( )
2. The Reformation shattered Medieval Church‘ stifling control over man, thus paving the way for
capitalism. ( )
3. The Renaissance reached its height in the 15th century with its center moving to Milan, then to
Rome, and created High Renaissance. ( )
4. Renaissance as a period in western civilization may be explained in different ways. But
generally speaking, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid 18th century. ( )
5. Titian was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary). He painted his Madonnas in different
postures, against different backgrounds. ( )
6. Titian was regarded as the father of the modern mode of painting. His painting is acknowledged
to have established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western
art. ( )
Fill in the Blanks:
1. Led by___, the Reformation which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the
absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of
the ______.
Match:
1. Boccaccio Decameron
2. Cervantes Don Quixote
3. Shakespeare King Lear
Explain the Following Terms:
1. Renaissance
2. Humanism
3. Calvinism
4. Reformation
5. Counter-Reformation
Chapter Five The Seventeenth Century
Multiple Choice:
1. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is ____.
A. Kepler B. Copernicus C. Galileo D. Newton
2. Which of the following statements about Newton‘s contribution to the science is NOT true ?
A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation
B. He invented calculus.
C. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of the spectrum.
D. He discovered the law of relativity.
3. Which of the following about Galileo is NOT true ? _____
A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies. B.
He discovered the law of inertia C. He discovered the importance of acceleration in dynamics. D.
He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.
4. The first major advance of modern science occurred in ____
A. anatomy B. astronomy C. printing D. geographical discoveries
5. Who ever said that ―Knoledge is power‖ ?_____
A. Shakespeare B. Francis Bacon C. Thomas Hobbes D. John Locke
6. Which of the following works is NOT written by John Milton? _______
A. Paradise Lost B. Areopagitica C. Samson Agonistes D. Andromaque
7. Which of the following philosophers ever said ― I think therefore I am.‖ ? ____
A. Francis Bacon B. Pierre Gassendi C. Descartes D. John Locke
8. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax?
A. Rubens B. Borromini C. Caravggio D. Bernini
9. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe?
A. Rubens B. Velazquez C. Borromini D. Bernini
10. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and the most powerful country
in Europe? _______
A. Flander B. the Netherlands C. England D. France
Questions:
1. What were Galileo's contributions to modern science? 2. Why is Newton generally
considered to be the greatest scientist that ever lived? 3. Why do we say that Bacon was a
founder of modern philosophy?
5. What is the theme of John Milton's Paradise Lost?
6. What are some of the characteristics of Baroque art?
Chapter Six The Age of Enlightenment
Multiple Choices:
1. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the
U.S. constitution?
A. John Locke B. Rousseau C. Montesquieu D. Voltaire
2. Which of the following works is the most famous of Voltaire‘s novels?
A. Candide B. The New HeloiseC. Emile D. Laocoon
3. ― Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains‖ are whose most famous word? _____
A. Montesquieu B. Rousseau C. Voltaire D. Diderot
4. Who is the author of The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe?
A. Jonathan Swift B. Daniel Defoe C. Samuel Richardson D. Henry Feilding
5. Which one of the following works is not written by Goethe?
A. The Sorrows of Young Werther B. Wilhelm Meister‘s Apprenticeship C. Faust D. Wallenstein
6. The three best-known composers of the Viennese school are Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
Fill in the blanks:
1. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in ______, which attracted
widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the
second half of the 18th century.
2. In American, The American War of Independence of _____ ended British colonial rule over the
country.
3. During the reign of Louis XIV (1638--1715) and Louis XV (1710-1714) in France, an artistic
style became prevalent which was known as _______.
True or False:
1. The Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason because it characterizes the efforts
by certain minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State. ( )
2. Besides Hobbes and Locke, Rousseau is also famous for his theory of social contract.( )
3. Pope represented the rationalistic neoclassical tendency in literature and has often been called
the spokesman in verse of the Age of Reason. ( )
4. Fielding, novelist, dramatist and essayist, was called by Sir Walter Scott the ―Father of the
English novel‖. ( )
5. Kant was the key figure of the German classical philosophy and called ―Waterhead of modern
philosophy‖. He exerted an immense influence on the intellectual movements of the 19th and 20th
centuries. ( )
Match: Handel The Marriage of Figaro Bach Hallelujah Mozart Double Violin Concerto in D
minor
Chapter Seven Romanticism
Multiple Choices:
1. Which of the following writers whose prose revealed an acid wit and a keen awareness of the
social problems of his time and was a friend of Karl Marx, who admired his writings?
A. Goethe B. Schiller C. Heine D. Pushkin
2. Which of the following two poets were called the ―Lakers‖?
A. Words worth and Coleridge B. Goethe and Schiller C. Byron and Keats D. Pushkin and
Lermontov
3. Who is the author of Prometheus Unbound?
A. Keats B. Shelley C. Byron D. Aeschylus
4. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European Historical
novel?
A. Goethe B. Victor Hugo C. Pushkin D. Walter Scott
5. ―If winter comes, can spring be far behind?‖ is from the ending of which of the followingt
works?
A. Ode to a Nightingale B. Eugene Onegin C. Ode to the West Wind D. The French Revolution
6. Which of the following writers wrote Ode to a Nightingale and died very young?
A. Byron B. Keats C. Shelley D. Wordsworth
7. Which of the following artists is NOT French?
A. Goya B. David C. Delacroix D. Gericault
8. Which of the following artists was best known for his portraits of royalty and nobility?
A. David B. Turner C. Goya D. Constable
9. Whose symphony NO. 6 ( Pastoral ) marked the beginning of 19th-century program music?
A. Mozart B. Schumann C. Beethoven D. Schubert
10. Which of the following musicians was NOT from Germany?
A. Mendelssohn B. Brahms C. Schumann D. Chopin
True or False:
1. Romanticism was a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art which developed in
Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
2. Romanticism started from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress
movement in Germany.
3. Goethe‘s novel The Sorrows of Young Werther played an enormous role in the spread of
Romantic sentiment among the young.
4. In 1789, a volume of poems was published in London under the title Lyrical Ballads, which
contained the poems of two young men Byron and Shelley. They were called the ―Lakers‖.
5. Schubert, Chopin, Schumann and Mendelssohn were among the early Romantics, with
Beethoven as their forerunner.
6. The later Romantics in music in the middle 19th century were Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, Verdi,
Brahms and Tchaikovsky.
7. David was a French painter who led the neo-classical movement in painting in the late 18th and
early 19th century. The Death of Socrates, which was a typical example of neoclassicism, was one
of his famous works.
8. The Storm and Stress movement prepared the way for European Romanticism. Goethe and
Schiller were connected with it.
Match: 1. William Blake a. Isles of Greece 2. Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale 3. Keats c. Ode to
the West Wind 4. Shelley d. Songs of Innocence
Chapter Eight Marxism and Darwinism
Multiple Choices:
1. Which of the following doesn‘t belong to the three sources of Marxism? ____
A. German Classical Philosophy B. English Classical Political Economy C. Utopian Socialism D.
French Philosophy
2. Which of the following doesn‘t belong to the three component parts of Marxism? ____
A. German Classical Philosophy B. Marxist Philosophy C. Marxist Political Economy D.
Scientific Socialism
3. All of the following are utopian socialists except_____.
A. Robert Owen B. Saint-Simon C. Fourier D. Feuerbach
True or False:
4. The historical materialism developed by Marx and Engels was ―the greatest achievement of
scientific thought.‖ ( )
5. Capital is the most important work by Marx about Marxist economics. ( )
6. The principle of ―from each according to his capacities, to each according to his service.‖
was put forward by French social philosopher Charles Fourier. ( )
7. Marx and Engels declared that socialism would be realized through class struggle, and that only
the bourgeoisie was a really revolutionary class. ( )
8. Darwin was the first man to put forward the theory of evolution. ( )
9. Lamarck, a prominent French naturalist, developed the ideas on the evolution of animals 50
years before Darwin. ( )
Filling the Blanks:
10. _____ is the most important work by Marx about Marxist economics.
11. After his long and careful study, Marx discovered that ______ was the source of profit, the
source of the wealth of the capitalist class.
Match: Column A Column B
12. Karl Marx a. On the Origin of Species
13. Charles Darwin b. Evolution and Ethics
14. Thomas Huxley c. Capital
Translation:
15. Evolution and Ethics
16. On the Origin of Species
17. Capital
18. The Manifesto of the Communist Party
19. natural selection
20. survival of the fittest
Chapter Nine Realism
Multiple Choice:
1. Who said ―A novel is a mirror walking along the road‖ as early as 1830? _____
A. Stendhal B. Balzac C. Flaubert D. Maupassant
2. Which of the following writers has been called ―the French Dickens‖? _____
A. Flaubert B. Zola C. Balzac D. Stendhal
3. Which of the following writers is female American novelist?
A. George Sand B. George Eloit C. Walt Whitman D. Harriet Beecher Stowe
4. The author of The Sower and Gleaners is ______, who was born in the country and brought up
in the fields?
A. Vincent van Gogh B. Paul Gauguin C. Millet D. Manet
5. The Term ―impressionism‖ first appeared in 1874 and was taken directly from the title of
______‘s Impression: Sunrise?
A. Monet B. Pissarro C. Manet D. Gauguin
6. Which of the following works is NOT van Gogh‘s painting? ________
A. Starry Night B. The Boy in Red Vest C. Sunflower D. The Night Cafe True or False:
7. Mark Twain is justly called ―the Lincoln of American literature‖. His novel The Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn, a masterpiece of humour, characterization and realism, has been considered
the first modern American novel. ( )
8. Bernard Shaw was a member of the Fabian Society whose aim was to make a transition from
capitalism to socialism without violence. ( )
9. Balzac has been called ―the English Dickens‖, as Dickens has been called ―the French
Balzac‖.( )
10. Harriet Beecher Stowe was a great American writer. His Uncle Tom‘s Cabin was acclaimed
the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes. ( )
Name the author of the following works:
11. The Necklace ( )
12. The Red and the Black ( )
13. The Human Comedy ( )
14. A Hunter’s Sketches ( )
15. The Man in the Shell ( )
16. A Doll’s Houses ( )
17. Vanity Fair ( )
18. Heartbreak House ( )
19. Leaves of Grass ( )
20. The Gilded Age ( )
Questions:
1). When and in what country did the realist movement arise?
2). What is the chief difference between Romanticism and Realism?
3). What were the conditions in western Europe in the 1840s?
4). Who wee the important French and English realist novelists? Name a few of their
works.
5). Who has been called ―the French Dickens‖, and who ―the English Balzac‖? why
6). Explain ―a novel is a mirror walking along the road.
Chapter Ten Modernism and Other Trends
Multiple Choices:
1. Which of the following writers was female novelist, who ranked as one of the country‘s most
distinguished writers between the two world wars?
A. Virginia Woolf B. D.H.Lawrence C. Joseph Conrad D. T.S. Eliot
2. In the Freudian system, which is the container of the instinctual urges?
A. Oedipus Complex B. Superego C. Ego D. Id
3. Which of the following works was NOT written by Ernest Hemingway?
A. The Sun Also Rises B. For Whom the Bell Tolls C. The Sound and the Fury D. The Old Man
and the Sea
True or False:
4. Sigmund Freud was the ―father‖ of psychoanalysis, a new school of psychology embodying
revolutionary and controversial views of human behavior. ( )
5. Sigmund Freud divided human personality into three functional parts—Id, Ego and Superego.
()
6. Oedipus Complex is a Freudian term originating from a Greek tragedy, in which King Oedipus
unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. ( )
7. Picasso was the founder of Cubism, which is a type of abstract painting which aims to penetrate
beyond surface appearances and single vision and depict persons and objects from varying angles
simultaneously and three-dimensionally. ( )
Translation the following terms into Chinese:
8. Existentialism
9. Black Humour
10. Fauvusm
11. Expressionism
12. Cubism
13. Futurism
14. Dadaism
15. Surrealism
16. Abstract Expressionism
17. Oedipus Complex
18. Id
19. Ego
20. Superego