The Hierarchical Approach to Summarizing
This is an example of a skeletal outline of a chapter from Life: The Science of
Biology. 7th ed. by Purves, et al. It was taken from the textbook’s accompanying website
www.thelfiewire.com
Chapter 36
Transport in Plants
I. Introduction
II. Uptake and Movement of Water and Solutes
A. Osmosis
B. Aquaporins
C. Mineral Ions and Membrane Transport Proteins
D. Apoplast and Symplast
III. Transport of Water and Minerals in the Xylem
A. Results of Experiments
B. Root Pressure
C. The Transpiration-Cohesion-Tension Mechanism
D. Pressure Bomb
IV. Transpiration and the Stomata
A. Guard Cells
B. Crops
V. Translocation of Substances in the Phloem
A. Pressure Flow Model
B. Testing of Pressure Flow Model
1. Are Sieve Plates Clogged or Open?
2. How Neighboring Cells Load and Unload Sieve Tube Elements
C. Plasmodesmata and Material
This is an example of the beginning of how this skeletal outline could be filled in
using the above outline as a guide.
Chapter 36
Transport in Plants
I. Introduction
A. Uptake and transport of minerals and water by plants
B. Evaporative loss of water from leaves
C. Translocation of substances in the phloem
II. Uptake and Movement of Water and Solutes
A. Osmosis: the movement of water through a membrane in accordance with the
laws of diffusion
1. Solute potential: measure of the effect of dissolved solutes on the osmotic
behavior of a solution
B. Aquaporins
C. Mineral Ions and Membrane Transport Proteins
D. Apoplast and Symplast
III. Transport of Water and Minerals in the Xylem
A. Results of Experiments
B. Root Pressure
C. The Transpiration-Cohesion-Tension Mechanism
D. Pressure Bomb
IV. Transpiration and the Stomata
A. Guard Cells
B. Crops
V. Translocation of Substances in the Phloem
A. Pressure Flow Model
B. Testing of Pressure Flow Model
1. Are Sieve Plates Clogged or Open?
2. How Neighboring Cells Load and Unload Sieve Tube Elements
C. Plasmodesmata and Material