Plant Science
Unit 4 Review – Plant Anatomy and Physiology
4.1 Define Terms
Match the following terms with their BEST definition listed below:
A. annual
B. biennial
C. cotyledon
D. dicot
E. herbaceous
F. monocot
G. perennial
H. anatomy
_____ 1. Seed leaves on an embryo.
_____2. The branch of biology that deals with the structure of organisms.
_____3. A class of flowering plants where two cotyledons are present and vascular bundles are
arranged in a ring or circle.
_____4. A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.
_____5. A plant whose stem has little or no woody tissue.
_____6. A plant that completes its life cycle in two growing seasons.
_____7. A plant that completes its life cycle in more than two years.
_____8. A class of flowering plants where one cotyledon is found and has long, narrow leaves,
flowers in multiples of three, and scattered vascular bundles.
Match the following terms with their BEST definition listed below:
A. apical dominance
B. chloroplasts
C. guard cells
D. internode
E. lateral bud
F. leaf
G. leaf blade
H. node
I. petiole
J.
K. respiration
L. transpiration
N. simple leaf
O. broadleaf plant
photosynthesis
M. leaflet
P. chlorophyll
_____ 9. Plant part whose primary function is of making food.
_____10. A condition created by hormones in the apical meristem that prevents lateral buds from
developing.
_____11. Portion of the stem that is swollen or slightly enlarged that gives rise to buds.
_____12. Large broad part of the leaf.
_____13. Part of plant cells containing green pigment to trap light energy for photosynthesis.
_____14. A leaf that consists of a petiole and a leaf blade.
_____15. The movement of water vapor through a stoma out of a plant.
_____16. A pair of cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.
_____17. The process by which green plants convert solar energy into stored chemical energy.
_____18. The process by which plants take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide.
_____19. The area between two nodes.
_____20. Plant with leaves that have wide blades.
_____21. Refers to one of multiple leaf blades on a single leaf.
_____22. Buds located along the sides of stems where the leaves are attached.
_____23. The green pigment within chloroplasts.
_____24. The leaf stalk, connecting structure between leaf blade and plant stem.
Match the following terms with their BEST definition listed below:
A. phloem
B. physiology
C. root
D. stem
E. stoma
F. terminal bud
G. xylem
H. fibrous
I. taproot
J.
K. stamen
L. flower
root cap
M. complete flower
_____ 25. The plant tissue that transports food made in the leaves down to the roots for storage.
_____26. Root system that has many roots roughly of the same size and length.
_____27. Male part of the flower.
_____28. An opening or pore in the leaf that allows for the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
water vapor.
_____29. The large bud at the tip of a twig.
_____30. Part of the plant that produces seeds through sexual reproduction.
_____31. Protects the tip of the root as it pushes through the soil.
_____32. An area of biology that deals with processes that occur in living organisms.
_____33. The plant tissue that transports food, moisture, and nutrients up from the roots.
_____34. Root system that has a thick, primary root that grows straight down.
_____35. A flower that has all the major parts including sepals, petals, pistils, and stamen.
_____36. Part of the plant whose major function is to support the leaves and flowers.
_____37. Part of the plant that anchors the plant and absorbs minerals and water.
4.2 List and explain the functions of the major vegetative plant parts
38. Label each part of the plant below and then give a brief description of the function for that part.
A
B
C
D
Part
A
B
C
D
Name
Function
4.3 Identify and compare the two leaf types
39. Identify the characteristics of a simple leaf:
40. Identify the characteristics of a compound leaf:
4.4 Explain the function of the stoma, including guard cells
41. Identify where stomata are located on the plant:
42. Briefly explain what function stoma have in the process of transpiration:
43. Briefly explain what happens to guard cells when plant tissues become turgid:
4.5 Review the function of the choloroplasts
44. Briefly explain the function of chloroplasts:
45. In which cells are the chloroplasts found?
4.6 Examine respiration, transpiration, and photosynthesis
46. Label the following parts of the photosynthesis equation:
A
B
C
D
E
A. _____________________________
B. _____________________________
C. _____________________________
D. _____________________________
E. _____________________________
47. Briefly explain what happens during the process of cellular respiration:
48. What is the purpose of transpiration?
49. Under what climate conditions would transpiration occur most rapidly?
4.7 Explain the function of phloem and xylem
50. What is the function of phloem?
51. What is the function of xylem?
52. Briefly explain where phloem and xylem tissues are located within the plant stem:
4.8 Explain the difference between a monocot and a dicot
53. Identify the characteristics of a monocot (including leaf type, flower characteristics, and vascular
bundle arrangement):
54. Identify the characteristics of a dicot (including leaf type, flower characteristics, and vascular
bundle arrangement):
4.9 Distinguish between the two kinds of root systems
55. Identify the characteristics of a fibrous root system:
56. Give at least two examples of plants with fibrous root systems:
57. Identify the characteristics of a taproot system:
58. Give at least two examples of pants with taproots:
4.10
Discuss the parts and functions of roots
59. What is the function of root hairs to the plant?
60. What is the function of the root cap?
4.11
Distinguish between annual, biennial, and perennial plants
61. Complete the following chart:
Type of Plant
Completes Life Cycle in:
Annual
Biennial
Perennial
4.12
Discuss the types, parts, and functions of flowers
62. What does it mean to say a flower is a “complete flower”?
63. Identify the male part of the flower and explain its primary function:
64. Identify the female part of the flower and explain its primary function:
2 Examples: