Anatomy, The Cell, page 1
Does heating an enzyme
help it to function better?
Enzymes are catalysts.
What does this mean?
...not if it loses its shape
(denaturation) b/c then it
can’t bind to the substrate!
In which direction are
molecules moving during
active transport?
* from low concentration to
high (i.e. against the
concentration gradient)
Why is it important to have
a control group in an
experiment?
What element makes the
backbone for organic
compounds?
What is the monomer of a
nucleic acid?
* to compare the results of
the other experimental groups
to the normal condition
...carbon (it has 4 bonding
sites to connect with other
atoms)
*nucleotides
What do living things use
lipids for?
What happens to glucose
during cellular respiration?
What happens to a cell
during cyotkinesis?
* long term energy storage
(and structures like cell
membranes)
* it is decomposed and the
energy is transferred to ATP
molecules
* the cell splits into two
daughter cells
Name the structure in cells
that modifies and packages
proteins
Name the structure in
cells that helps guide the
movement of
chromosomes during
mitosis.
What molecules make up
the cell membrane?
* phospholipids (also,
proteins interspersed among
the phospholipids)
*Golgi apparatus
...Enzymes speed up
chemical reactions, by
lowering the activation
energy
* a pair of centrioles
What will happen to a cell
if it is placed in a hypotonic
solution like distilled
water?
* it will gain water (osmosis)
and swell up
What are the 4 stages of
mitosis (in order)?
* prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase
Name ALL four types of
organic compounds that
make up living things.
... carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acids, and proteins
Anatomy, The Cell, page 2
What is the result of
meiosis?
Where are the
chromosomes of a cell
located?
* four daughter cells
(gametes)
* nucleus
What is the independent
variable in an experiment?
What is the term for when
molecules spread out from
an area where they are
highly concentrated?
* whatever the experimenter
is changing in each
experimental group
If a cell’s DNA is mutated
the cell may start to divide
uncontrollably. What is this
called?
What are the 3 subatomic
particles of an atom, and
their electrical charges?
* proton(+), neutron (no
charge) & electron (-)
What scale is used to
measure if a substance is an
acid or base?
* pH (1-14)
* diffusion
Name the two “wastes
products” from cellular
respiration?
What will happen to red
blood cells if placed in salt
water?
* carbon dioxide and water
* the cells will lose water
and shrink
What is it called when the
temperature or chemical
environment changes, and
organisms adjust to
maintain a stable internal
environment?
* homeostasis
What is the term for the
when water diffuses in or
out of a cell?
Explain the symbol:
Na+
What cell organelle is the
site of ATP energy
production (e.g. cellular
respiration)?
What is meant by
describing the cell
membrane as “selectively
permeable?”
* cancer
* osmosis
* an atom of sodium that
has lost one valence
electron; it’s a negative
ion
Give the mRNA
sequence based on this
DNA: AGC TGG ACT
* UCG ACC UGA
* mitochondrion
* it allows some things to
pass through
Anatomy, The Cell, page 3
What cell organelle
packages proteins after
they are assembled?
* Golgi apparatus or Golgi
bodies
White blood cells
(leukocytes) engulf
foreign substances.
What type of transport
is this?
* active transport
What is the advantage of
the folded cristae
membrane in a
mitochondrion?
Organic compounds are
macromolecules (big!).
They are like a chain
made up of units called?
* monomers (e.g. proteins
are made of amino acids)
Where in the cell are
proteins assembled?
Which of these is
hypertonic and why? saline
solution or water?
What is passive
transport?
* saline contains dissolved
salt, making it more
concentrated than water
What cell organelle
contains enzymes that
break down harmful
substances?
* ribosomes (or rough
endoplasmic reticulum)
* movement of molecules
that does NOT require the
cell to use energy.
What cell structure is found
on cells that line the
respiratory tract?
* cilia
* increased surface area for
cellular respiration
* peroxisome
What is cancer?
What is a stem cell?
* a cell in early human
development which is still
undifferentiated; its function
is still to be determined
What tool was instrumental
in revealing the structure of
the plasma membrane?
* the electron microscope
* a rapid growth of abnormal
cells
What part of a cell is
involved in selfrecognition?
* cell surface markers
What is TRUE about a
molecule that is “polar?”
* one end is more positive,
and the other end is more
negative
Which cell organelle is
made of a stack of
cisternae?
* Golgi apparatus