ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE
TEST 1: ORIENTATION
Test date:
GPS Standards:
SAP1. Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions.
a. Apply correct terminology when explaining the orientation of body parts and regions.
b. Investigate the interdependence of the various body systems to each other and to the body
as a whole.
c. Explain the role of homeostasis and its mechanisms as these relate to the body as a whole
and predict the consequences of the failure to maintain homeostasis.
For Test 1, you should know, understand, and be able to do the following:
 Define and differentiate between the terms anatomy and physiology.
 Name the levels of organization that make up the human body and explain how they are
related.
 Describe the anatomical position.
 Name the eleven organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions and
organs of each system.
 List functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
 List the survival needs of the human body.
 Define homeostasis.
 Define the components of a homeostatic control mechanism.
 Differentiate between negative feedback and positive feedback mechanisms.
 Identify the following directional terms when given a picture or scenario:
 Anterior (ventral)
 Posterior (dorsal)
 Superior (cranial or cephalad)
 Inferior (caudal)
 Medial
 Lateral
 Proximal
 Distal
 Superficial
 Deep
 Identify the anterior and posterior landmarks when given a picture or scenario.
Anterior
Posterior
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Abdominal
Antebrachial
Antecubital
Axillary
Brachial
Buccal
Carpal
Cervical
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Cephalic
Gluteal
Lumbar
Occipital
Popliteal
Sacral
Scapular
Sural
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Crural
Deltoid
Digital
Femoral
Genital
Inguinal
Mammary
Nasal
Oral
Orbital
Otic
Palmar
Patellar
Pectoral
Pedal
Sternal
Tarsal
Umbilical
 Vertebral
 Identify body planes on a diagram:
 Sagittal plane (left/right)
 Frontal plane (anterior/posterior)
 Transverse plane (superior/inferior)
 Identify dorsal and ventral body cavities on a diagram.
 Dorsal Cavity
 Cranial Cavity
 Spinal Cavity
 Ventral Cavity
 Thoracic Cavity
 Abdominal Cavity
 Pelvic Cavity
 Abdominopelvic Cavity
 Identify the diaphragm as the partition that separates the thoracic and the
abdominopelvic cavities.
 Identify and name the abdominopelvic regions and the organs they contain when given
a diagram.
 Right hypochondriac region
 Epigastric region
 Left hypochondriac region
 Right lumbar region
 Umbilical region
 Left lumbar region
 Right iliac region
 Hypogastric region
 Left iliac region